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FATS
AMERICANA

PUBLISHED BY THE

mip eROOKRTYN, N.Y.

—_—__$ + —____ —

VOL. IV.-APRIL to DECEMBER, 1888.

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EDITOR :
Rev. Geo. D. Hutsrt,
15 HIMROD STREET,

BrRookiyn, N. Y.

ASST. EDITOR:
Curis. H. Roserts,
11 WEST 123RD STREET,

New York.

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AMERICANA

BROOKLYN, BPRIL, 1888. ~-NO. 1.

VOL. ‘IV.

A Preliminary List of the Myriapoda of Arkansas
with Descriptions of New Species.

By CuHarxies H. Borrman.

(Published by permission of JOHN C. BRANNER, State Geologist of Arkansas.)

1. Platydesmus Lecontei (Wood).
One was found on the grounds of the Deaf Mute Asylum and others
on the hills along the river, near Little Rock.
2. Julus minutus (Brandt).
I found a specimen in the swamp at south end of Main Street,
Little Rock. Mr. Hutcherson also found one near Argenta.
3. Spirobolus marginatus (Say).
Abundant throughout the state...
Mee ss
4. Parajulus czsius Bollman. “@
4
Julus cesius Wood, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci, 43, 1867 (Texas).
This species is not uncommon throughout the state.
5. Cambala annulata (Say).
I have received numerous specimens of this species, collected around
Little Rock by Mr. Hutcherson.
6. Lysiopetalum lactarium (Say).
Common throughout the state.
7. Campodes flavicornis Koch.

Campodes flavicornis Koch, Syst. der Myr., 126, 1847 (Pa.).

aS

Campodes fusicornis Koch, Syst. der Myr., 127, 1847 (Pa.).

Spirostrephon cestoannulatus Wood, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.,
194, 1865 (Alleghany Co., Pa.); Ryder, Proc. U. S, Nat. Mus., 526,
1880.

Pseudotremia vudii Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 180, 1869
(Montgomery Co., Va.); Ryder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 527, 1880. *

Cryptotrichus cesioannulatus Packard, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc.,
190, 1883 (Culmana, Ala., or Ocean Springs, Miss.).

A single specimen was obtained at Little Rock. As this species has
a number of synonyms, I have thought it best to give its synonomy,

8. Craspedosoma flavidum sp. noy.

Yellowish brown, feet and antennez lighter. Robust, segments not constrict2d,
lateral carinze small and body strongly resembling that of Campodes. Antenne longer
than width of body. Ocelli 12-14, di-tinct, arranged in a triangular patch and in §
or 6 series. Dorsal plates rather smooth, setigerous granules small, sete rather
large. Male feet crassate, those of fema!e slender.

Length of body 5.8 mm.; width .7 mm.

Hab.—Okolona.

This species strongly resembles a Campodes. In life the individuals

are a dusky yellow.. This description is based upon a male and female.
g. Craspedosoma carniatum Bollman.
Not common in the Fourche bottoms, south of Little Rock; also
found on the grounds of the Deaf Mute Asylum.
10. Leptodesmus hispidipes (Wood).
Abundant everywhere.
Very common throughout the State. All specimens obtained were
young, but the shells of many adults were found.
11. Euryurus evides Bollman. _
Paradesmus evides, Bollman, Ent. Amer., II, 229, 1887 (Winona,
Minn. ).
Common over the State. Specimens agree with those from Minn,

12. Chztaspis albus Bollman.

Chetaspis albus, Bollman, Ent. Amer., III, 46, 1887 (Blooming-
ton, Ind.).

One specimen obtained at Little Rock.

13. Polydesmus minor sp. nov.

Dark shining brown, lighter beneath. Moderately slender, depressed, slightly
acuminate anteriorly and posteriorly, smooth, very sparsely pilose (setigerous). An-
tennze equal to width of body, subclavate. First dorsal plate wide, angles not or but
slightly produced , not toothed, tubercles not distinct, except lateral. Other dorsal

eh

plates with posterior angles produced, especially posteriorly ; lateral margins three
or four toothed, indistinct posteriorly, tubercies distinct, arranged in two rows of four
each, anterior border indistinctly div'ded into two, po-teriorly, the Jast row of tub-
ercles project beyond border ofsegments. 1. +s long, crassate in male.

Male: copulation foot very simi ar to se/rauéus ; ventral plates produced into a
short, pilose lobe anteriorly.

Length of body ro—14 mm., width 1.5 1.8 mm.

Hab.—Little Rock.

This species is described from a number of specimens foand in the

low lands, south of Little Rock.

14. Polydesmus pinetorum, sp. nov.

Very similar to P. serratus, but the general color paler and size smaller.
Tuberculation not su distinct, sides of first segment I toothed, other distinctly 3 or
4 oothed. Last row of scales on posterior segments composed of six or eight setae
tipped scale-, which project beyond border of segments. Ventral plate of ninth pair
of legs not produced as in serrvaéus, copulation foot very similar.

Length of body 15 to 18.5 mm.; width 2.2 to 2.8 mm,

Hab.---Little Rock, Arkadelphia, Okolona, Murfreesboro, and Ultima Thule.

As already indicated, this species is closely related to serratus. It is
principally separated by its smaller size and form of the ventral of ninth
pair of legs of male.

This species may only represent a geographical form of serra/us. It
is very abundant throughout the state, and all those collected during the
summer were in the larva stages. I am indebted to Mr. Hutcherson for
adult specimens.

15. Fontaria virginiensis (Drury).

Abundant at Donaldson, common at Okolona.

Specimens from Arkansas are similar to those from North Carolina,
but those from northern parts of Mississippi valley represent geographical
species.

At Donaldson the adults were found crawling on the surface of the
ground in company with a large number of their young, probably one
adult to five or eight hundred young, then (July 11, 1887) about half
grown.

This species seems to be more confined to river bottoms, and low
rich woodlands.

The odor of prussic acid is strongly emitted by this species through
a series of pores on each side of the body.

16. Spheriodesmus pudicus sp. nov.

General color pinkish, especially posteriorly, anterior half of segments darkest,
a black median dorsal line, antennz dark, legs pale. Body widest and highest an-
teriorly, tapering posteriorly, smooth, setze absent. Vertex smooth, somewhat sul-
cate, Antenne subclavate, about equalling width of body. Dorsal plates smooth,
four preceding the last with an indistinct row of obtuse scales ; lateral plates except

—4—

the first, antepenult and penult with their posterior margin serrate. Anal plate
triangular with the anvles rounded, sparsely pilose. Legs long and slender, extend-
ins beyond sides of body.

Male: ventral plate of second pair of legs produced into two short cones; coxz
of second and third pairs more pilose than others ; copulation foot much twisted, end
expanded and divided, pilose.

Length of body 7 mm.; width 2 mm.

Hab.—Little Rock and Okolona.

This is the first time that any species of this genus has been found
in the United States. It is easily distinguished from S. mexzcanus
(Saussure), by having a few scales on posterior dorsal plates.

The collection contains two specimens of this species.

17. Polyxenus fasciculatus Say.

Common at Little Rock, five were obtained at Antoine and one at

Ulima Thule.
18. Pauropus lubbockii Packard.

A few specimens were obtained at Little Rock.

1g. Linotenia bothriopa (Wood).

I have received one specimen that was collected near Little Rock by
Mr. Hutcherson.
20. Linotznia robusta (Meinert).
Scolioplanes robusius Meinert, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 224, 1886
(N. A.).

Frontal plate present. Fulvous, head and antenne dark. Not robust, attenuated
anteriorly and posteriorly ; moderately smooth, sparsely pilose. Prehensorial feet
smooth, sparsely pilose ; sternum subcordiform, length and width subequal; coxz
a little wider than long, unarmed ; tooth strong, acute; claw small, a little curved.
Cephalic plate somewhat wider than long, smooth, sparsely pilose, sides strongly
rounded, slightly diverging, posterior margin only covering a small part of basal
plate, basal plate two-thirds as long as cephalic, twice as wide as long. Antenne
moderately short, articles short, penult and antepenult not noticeably shortened.

Dorsal plates subsmooth, anterior prescuta short, median and posterior
long. Spiracles round, very small. Ventral plates with an obsolete median foveola,
pores 0a posterior margin. First pair of legs short, posterior longer than anterior.
Posterior coxee moderately inflated, pores about 12 to 18, small, in three series ; last
ventral plate triangular, small, sides moderately converging. Posterior pair of legs
longer than penult, crassate in the male, slender in the female ; claw large. Pairs of
legs of male 51—55 ; of female 54—59.

Length of male 27 —33 mm.; of female 34 —52 mm,

Hab.—Little Rock, Okolona, Arkadelphia and Ultima Thule.

I refer this species provisionally to Z. robusta (Meinert), although it
differs from Meinert’s description by rather unimportant characters. I
have also seen specimens of this species from Tennessee.

21. Linotznia branneri sp. nov.
Frontal plate present. Fulvous, head and antennz dark. Robust, strongly at-
tenuated anteriorly, less posteriorly ; moderately smooth, sparsely pilose. Prehensorial

Sa

feet smooth, sparsely pilose; sternum subcordiform, wider than long (5:3); cox
wider than long, unarmed ; tooth strong, acute ; claw jarge, curved. Cephalic plate
subquadrangular, sides rounded, slightly diverging posteriorly ; basal plate about
half as long as cephalic, twice as wide as long, anterior margin scarcely covered by
cephalic plate. Antennz long, joints moderate, penult and antepenult longer
than wide. Dorsal plates moderately smooth; anterior and posterior prercuta
moderate, median larger. Spiracles round, moderately large. Ventral plates with
a distinct median sulcus ; pores on posterior part. First pair of legs moderately
short, anterior and posterior subequal, Posterior coxz strongly inflated, pores large
and small, about twelve. Anallegs of the female slender, claw large. Pairs of legs
of female 43.

Length of female 37 mm.

Hab.—Little Rock.

This species is named in honor of Dr. J. C. Branner, State Geo-
logist of Arkansas.

The collection contains one specimen of this species. It is related
to dothriopa, but is distinguished by a smaller number of legs and its
large posterior coxa and pores.

22. Geophilus perforatus (McNiell).

Schendila perforatus, McNiell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 325, 1887
(Pensacola, Fla.).

Abundant throughout the Siate.

23. Geophilus okolone sp. noy.

Frontal plate absent ; anal pores absent. Fulvous, head and antennez darkest.
Rather slender, very slightly attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly, smooth, very
sparsely pilose and punctate. Prehensorial feet smooth, punctate, sternum wider
than long (4:3.5); coxa of about equal length and width, unarmed ; claw moderately
curved ; teeth almost obsolete. Cephalic plate slightly longer than wide, suboval,
posterior margin truncate, sparsely punctate and pilose; prebasal plate exposed ;
basal plate much wider than long (5:2). Antennz short, penult and antepenult
joints not noticeably shortened. Dorsal plates distinctly bisulcate. Anterior spiracle
rather large, oval, oblique, median and posterior smaller. Ventral plate with an
indistinct median sulcus ; pores not manifest. First pair of legs short, anterior and
posterior subequal. Posterior coxa scarcely inflated, pores absent ; last ventral plate
wide, side moderately converging, not densely pilose. Anal legs produced, armed,
rather densely pilose beneath, crassate. Pairs of legs of male 61 ; of female 63.

Length of body 40 mm,

Hab.—Okolona.

There are two adults of this species in the collection. It is separated
from other North American species by having no coxal pores and the pre-
basal plate exposed.

24. Geophilus salemensis Bollman.

I have seen one specimen that was collected near Little Rock by Mr.

Hutcherson.
25. Cryptops hyalinus Say.
Cryptops hyalina Say, Journ. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1820

. Gas:

(E. Florida); Say, Oeuvres Ent., sp. 3, 1822; Newport, Trans. Linn.
Soc., 409, 1844; Newport, Cat. Myr. Brit. Mus. Chil., 60, 1856;
Wood, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., 168, 1865 ; Underwood, Ent. Amer.,
65, 1887.

Cryptops hyalinus Koch, Syst. d. Myr., 175, 1847 ; Gervais, Aptéres,
IV, 293, 1847.

? Cryptops milberti Gervais, Aptéres, IV, 592, 1847 (New Jersey).

? Cryplops milbertii Wood, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., 168, 1865 ;
Underwood, Ent. Amer., 65, 1887.

Cryptops asteripes Wood, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 129, 1867
(Montgomery Co., Virginia); McNiell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, 326,
1887 (Pensacola, Fla.); Underwood, Ent. Amer., 65, 1887.

Cryftops sulcatus Meinert, Proc. Amer. Philos. Suc., 211, 1886
(Bee Spring, Ky.); Underwood, Ent. Amer., 65, 1887.

The study of a large series of specimens of the genus Cryp/ops has
convinced me that all the species of Cryféops described from North
America belong to a single species—Ayalinus Say.

I have questioned the Cryp/ops milberti of Gervais, because the
author states that the spines of the last pair of feet are absent. This
character is contrary to the true definition of Crypfops and I am inclined
to think that either Gervais had an abnormal specimen or that his ob-
servations were incorrect. :

Asperipes Wood, has been separated from the other species by the
number of antennal joints (1g), which he assigned to his species, but as
the number of joints has recently been found to be variable it is not a
true character upon which species can be based.

In Ent. Amer., 65, 1887, Dr. Underwood says the last pair of legs
of sulcatus Meinert, are unarmed, as in mz/berti Gervais, but in this he
is mistaken, for, in his generic description Dr. Meinert states that the last
pair of legs are armed with a definite number of spines.

Considering this state of characters, I believe that all the described
species should be united under C. hyalinus. I have examined specimens
of this species from the following States: Maryland, Pennsylvania,
Indiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, Florida, Indian Territory, and Ar-
kansas, where it is very common.

26. Theatops spinicaudus (Wood).
Abundant from Little Rock to Ultima Thule.
27. Scolopendra heros Girard.

Two adults were obtained at Little Rock, several young at Murfrees-
boro and Muddy Fork.

a=

28. Scolopendra woodii Meinert.

A single specimen was caught at Donaldson.
29. Scolopocryptops sexspinosus (Say).

Common at all points ; these specimens are of a darker shade than
northern or eastern examples.

30. Henicops fulvicornis (Meinert).

A single specimen was obtained at Little Rock near the Deaf Mute
Asylum, This is a European species, and the only other recorded North
American locality is Mount Lebanon, New York.

31. Lithobius branneri Bollman.

A single specimen was obtained at Okolona and another at Little
Rock. ‘ .

32. Lithobius proridens Bollman.

A few were obtained at Little Rock. One individual is considerably
larger than any specimen collected before.

33. Lithobius pinguis sp. noy.

Posterior angles of all the dorsal plates straight. Anal pair of legs armed with
two claws. Coxal pores few, in a single series. Penultimate pair of legs armed with
two claws. Coxe of the posterior feet unarmed. Dark chestnut brown, head and
antenne dark, legs paler. Slender, not smooth, sparsely pilose; head wider than
long (3.5:3), polished, not pilose. Antennze short, 22- to 24-jointed, articles short.
Ocelli 4 to6, arranged in 2 or 3 series. Prosternal teeth 2 =- 2. Coxal pores 3,3,3,2
to 4,4,4,4, round. Spines of the first pair of legs 0,0,1 ; penultimate pair 1,3,2,1 to
1,3,3,1 ; anal pair 1,3,2,0. Posterior legs short.

Female : claw of the genitalia entire, stout and much curved; spines strong,
subequal.

Length of body 97—10 mm,
Hab.—Little Rock.

This description is based on three specimens. ‘This is the smallest
North American species with the claw of the female genitalia entire.

34. Lithobius celer sp. nov.

Posterior angles of the 9, 11, 13 dorsal plates produced. Anal pair of legs armed
with one claw. Coxal pores few, in a single series. Penultimate pair of legs armed
with two claws. Coxz of the 13, 14, 15 pairs of feet laterally armed. Brown of
various shades, head and legs more or less chestnut, antennae dark. Moderately
robust, smooth, sparsely pilose ; head about as long as wide, pilose. Antennae rather
long, 30- to 34-jointed, articles small. Ocelli 18 to 40, arranged in 4 to 7 series. Pro-
sternal teeth 5-+5 to7-+ 7. Coxal pores 2,3,3,2 to 5,6,6,5, round. Spines ot the
first pair of legs 1,2,1 to 2,2,1; prenultimate pair 1,3,3,1 to 1,3,3,2 ; anal pair 1,3,3,1
to 1,3.3,2. Posterior legs short.

Male : tibia of anal legs somewhat crassate, and furrowed beneath; but more
furrowed in the female.

pages

Female: claw of the genitalia short, tripartite, middle lobe much longer, others
subequal ; spines moderately slender, inner shortest.
Length of body 15—25 mm.

Abundant or common throughout the State.

This species is not strongly related to any known North American
locality, it should be placed near _furvficafus, which it seems to replace in
Arkansas.

Dr. Wood has reported /orficatus from Arkansas and he may have
had the species which I have described.

35. Lithobius cedipes, sp. nov.

Posterior angles of the 9, 11, 13 dorsal plates produced. Anal pair of leys armed
with twe claws. Coxal pores few, in a single series. Penultimate pair of leys armed
with two claws. Posterior coxae unarmed. Brown, head and anten: ac dark. legs
and ventral plates paler. Robust, not smooth, sparsely pilose ; head smooth, of about
equal length and breadth (3.2, 3.6). Antennae short, attenuate, 24- to 26-jointed
(Ss, 26, © 24). Ocelli g to11, arranged in 3 or 4 series. Prosternal teeth 2+ 2 or
3+3- Coxal pores 3,5,4,3 to 6,5,5,5 round. Spines of the first pair of legs 1,1,1 ;
penultimate pair 1,3,3,2; anal pair 1,3,3,1. Posterior pair of legs short. —

Male : femur of the last pair of legs somewhat bent inwardly and swollen ; tibia
very strongly swollen, especially above and having a bunch of hairs on the posterior
third ; first tarsal joint crassate. Penultimate pair of legs somewhat swollen, prin-
cipally the tibia ; first tarsal joint produced into a short lobe on the inner side.

Female : posterior pair of legs scarcely swollen ; claw of the genitalia entire ;
spines 2—2,

Length of male 15.4 mm.; of female 20 mm.

Hab.—Little Rock,

I have three specimens of this species. This is the only known
species with both the anal and penultimate pairs of feet swollen or pro-
auced into lobes.

36. Lithobius transmarinus Koch.

Abundant at Little Rock, common at other localities.
37. Lithobius mordax Koch.

Common from Little Rock to Ultima Thule.
38. Lithobius vorax Meinert.

Found at all points where collections were made, but was more
common at Little Rock.

39. Lithobius multidentatus Newport.

In a vial of Myriapods that were collected near Little Rock by Mr.
Hutcherson, there is a single specimen of this species.

40. Scutigera forceps (Rafinesque).
One adult was seen at Arkadelphia, and several young at Little Rock.

InpraNaA University. March 28, 1888.

= Or.

An Introduction to a Classification of the North American
Lepidoptera.
By Jounx Bb. Situ.
(Continued from Ex. Am., vol. I, p. 87.)

In the last paper of this series the Sphingidze were treated of and a
synopsis of the genera was given. It has been usual to follow this family
with the Sesvde, or 4geriid@e as some authors prefer to call them, and,
though recognizing no close relationship in any of its stages, with the
Sphingide, I shall yet follow the general order here.

The family Seszde is sharply defined, resembling somewhat in the
imago state the Hymenoptera in the transparent wings and banded bright
maculation.

In the early stages they resemble the Cas/niide and Cosside@ in so
far that the larvee are Lxdophydes, living in roots, stems or branches of
plants, and the pupz also have great resemblance to them.

The antennz are longer than half the length of primaries, gradually
variably thickened medially, more slender apically, the tip often with a
brush of hair; rarely they are setaceous, in the <j‘ usually with brushes
of hair laterally, more rarely with lamellz, or pectinations.

Palpi well developed, ascending, joints variably proportioned. Eyes
naked. Ocelli present. Tongue variable, sometimes obsolete, often long
and corneous. ‘Thorax robust, closely scaled. Abdomen also closely
scaled, long, usually slender, rarely somewhat flattened, often tapering to
tip, usually with an anal tuft. In the ¢{‘ there are seven, in the Q but
six abdominal segments.

Legs strong, femora and tibiz densely scaled or hairy—usually the
anterior tibia much shorter than femora—middle tibiz nearly equal to
femora and hind tibiz much longer than femora. Median tibiz with
terminal spurs, posterior with middle and terminal spurs.

Primaries narrow, elongate, with the internal vein wanting or form-
ing the internal margin—vein 5 often wanting. Secondaries with two,
rarely three internal veins, costal vein wanting or forming the costal
margin. (See Bull. B’klyn Ent. Soc., vol. 7, pl. 3, f. 21.)

In habit the species are diurnal, flying about flowers during the
hottest sunshine.

The European genera are few in number, and are separated by
Herrich-Schiaffer as follows :

Antennae without a pencil of hair at tip ; tongue short and weak.
Antennae of <f' with long ciliae beneath, veins 2-4 of secondaries separate........

Paranthrene.
Antennae of °J' bipectinate, veins 3 and 4 from the same stem........ Bembecia.

Antennae with a pencil of hair at tip.
Tongue short and weak ; antennae of ¢{ with a single row of lamellae beneath. ..
Trochilium.
Tongue long and strong ; antennae of (ciliate beneath ...............-. Sesia.
The Sesad@ are contained in Hiibner’s classification in his Phalanx
secunda, Tribus secunda. He divides them as follows :

Stirps 1, Sesize. Primaries narrow and long, secondaries short
and broad, both with long fringes.

fama A, Corpulente. Body rather stout and the wings are not
very small.

Coitus Z, Sphecia. Collar yellow at the sides, primaries immaculate,
abdomen partly yellow.

Familia B, Graciles. Abdomen rather slender, primaries very
narrow.

Cowtus 1, Paranthrena. Primaries densely clothed with scales, ab-
domen irregularly banded with yellow.

Coitus 2, Melitta. Primaries partly, secondaries entirely transparent,
feet with very bushy vestiture.

' Cottus 3, Bembecra. Both wings transparent; abdomen with a fan
like tuft.

Coitus 4, Synanthedon. Primaries marked with red centrally and
reddish also along inner margin.

Coiwus 5, Conopia. Abdomen with bright red bands.

Stirps 2, Apyralides. Wings rather broad and angulated or
dentate.

Familia A, Vitratee. Primaries with transparent spot, abdomen
smooth.

Cowus 4, Thyris. Wings with but a single row of transparent spots,
the abdomen white ringed.

Cowus 2, Phostria. Primaries with two rows of somewhat opaque
spots, abdomen uniform.

Walker still further subdivides the genera in the 8th volume of the
Cat. Brit. Mus. Lep. Het., and finally Mr. Henry Edwards has created
a number of genera for our American species.

' As a rule our species are not very commonly found, and few col-
lections have the family very largely represented. As Mr. Hy. Edwards
is making a careful study of the family, looking to a monograph, I will
here give only brief descriptions of the genera, premising that they are
not based on any personal examination of the insects themselves, and
following in the order of genera that is adopted in Grote’s List of 1882.

= pipe

*" Melittia contains usually large and robust forms, fore wings generally
opaque, tongue moderate or rather short. antennze subclavate, the post-
erior legs very densely clothed with long hair forming prominent tufts or
brushes nearly to the end of the tarsi. The latter character is the most
prominent and is distinctive of this and, to a less extent of the two fol-
lowing genera.

Larunda has the primaries opaque, secondaries with but a small
vitreous spot at base. The palpi are short, with a broad spreading tuft of
hairs. Tongue almost obsolete, caudal tuft large, flat, spreading. The
antenne are moderately pectinated in the <j‘, almost simple in the Q.

Euhagena has both pairs of wings opaque. The posterior tibia are
clothed with hair similar to but not so long or dense as in J/eli/tia. An-
tennze twice the length of the thorax, very deeply pectinated except at the
tip where the pectinations seem soldered together in a solid mass. The
tongue is short and week.

Alcathoe has a much less marked tibial tufting, and is distinguished
in the by a caudal appendage, as long as the abdomen. The fore-
wings of the ({\ are partly transparent, in the Q they are opaque as in
Sciapieron. The tongue is not mentioned, but is probably short, the
antennee lamellate beneath.

Phemonoe is distinguished by the anal appendages of the male, not
half as long as the abdomen and 5 in number. The forewings are opaque.
Nothing is said of the tongue or of the antennz.

Trochilum contains large species as a rule, with transparent wings,
obsolete tongue, sub-clavate antennz with a brush of hair at tip, and
rather densely clothed legs, not forming tuftings however as in some of
the preceding genera.

Bembecia has short filiform antennz, very shortly bipectinate, no
brush at tip. The eyes are small, tongue strong and corneous. Abdomen
with a broad somewhat truncate anal tuft.

Scvapteron has the antennez very slightly thickened toward tip, which
is furnished with a little brush of hair; in the male lamellate, the lamella
with a double series of bristly tufts. Tongue strong, corneous. The
primaries are opaque or have but a small transparent space at base.

Fatua is based on a single species—denudatum—in which the sexes
differ remarkably. In the male the primaries are long, very much
narrowed towards the base, not covered with scales. Secondaries very
large, ample, rounded on anal margin. Legs long and slender. Antennz
with very deep pectinations, ceasing before the tip, which is a solid mass,
and bears some fine bristles.—/emale less robust. Primaries opaque
except a space near the internal angle. Antenne roughened but not
serrated, much thickened towards the the tips; abdomen very long,

pointed at the tips, ovipositor protruding, compressed on its lower side
into a small groove.

Harmomia has an unusually large head, with very long palpi. Anten-
nz slightly thickened toward the apex, with a double row of very fine
serrations. Abdomen long and narrow, the four posterior segments with
lateral, broadly-spreading, fan-shaped scales. Caudal tuft unusually long
and broad, divided in the centre and spreadiug. Fore tibiz flattened.
Primaries opaque. ‘The structure of the tongue is not mentioned, nor
whether or not there is a brush of hair at tip of antenne.

Podosesia is principally distinguished by its unusually long hind legs.
The antennz of the © with ciliate lamella, in the © more slender than
in Sciapteron. The primaries are opaque save for a small transparent
space at base. The tongue is strong, corneous.

Albuna is closely allied to Sesza but differs as follows: the head
is much narrower than the front of thorax, which is not so far produced
beyond the base of the wings. The antennz are comparatively shorter,
stouter, and more thickened toward the tip. Legs proportionately shorter,
the tibiz more densely clothed with hair. Abdomen of the <j never con-
stricted at base, stout, cylindrical, the candal tuft small and not spread-
ing. That of the 9 is fusiform, quite as broad at base as the thorax,
and tapering to a point. The genus contains rather large species.

Saunina has the tongue almost absolete. Antenne filiform, simple,
rather slender, acuminated at the tip, nearly twice the length of the
thorax. Legs slender, hind tibiz long and stout, somewhat pilose. Wings
narrow, opaque.

Sesza contains small or medium sized species, with antennz slightly
thickened externally and with a brush of hair at tip: in the male with
lateral brushes of hair but no lamellez, longer and more slender than the
preceding genera. ‘Tongue strong, corneous, anal brush more or less
compacted, not spread fan-like. Primaries with two or three vitreous
spaces, secondaries entirely vitreous. The greater number of our species
are referred to this genus and in the European fauna it contains the
larger proportion of the species.

Pyrrhotenia has the antenne brush-like, heavy, lengthily pilose.
Eyes banded, black and golden. Ocelli large. Head narrow, prominent.
Tongue moderate. Primaries narrow, widening terminally at outer third,
opaque.

Carmenia has the fore wings quite opaque. Abdomen sessile and
tapering toward anal extremity. Antenne thickened toward extremity
as in Sesza proper. In many respects this genus approaches Paran/shrene,
but in that genus, while the anterior wings are opague, the antennz are
simple or ciliate.

—I13—

Zenodoxus is readily distinguished by having both pairs of wings
opaque. The antenne are moderate, tapering to the tip, linear, biciliate.
Thorax heavy, globose, widening posteriorly. " Abdomen very short and
wide, somewhat flattened ; anal tuft short, broad and squarely cut.

As similar characters are not used by authors, it is not possible to
give a synoptic table of the genera. There are some slight differences of
venation, which in the European genera are carefully described, but these |
have not mentioned, since our American genera are not so described as
to allow of comparison.

ee

The following letter has been received from Mr. A. G,. Butler:

Dear Sir :-—\ think the following note may interest American Lepi-
dopterists-in the matter of Bolina_fasciolaris.

The fact that Bohna fascilaris was the male of B. cunearis was
practically illustrated in the Museum by a mistake made by the late Mr.
F, Walker. One of the specimens enumerated by him is 2. cunearis
(from ‘ Brazii’) it differs in no respect from the other females separated
under the latter name: our males are from St. Domingo and the Ama-
zons, our females from St. Domingo, the Amazons, Venezuela, West
Coast of America and Veragua. It is by no means certain that a species
with so wide a range does not occur in North America and in Grote’s
collection there is a specimen (unfortunately not labelled with its locality)
of typical male B. fasciolaris.

Assuming that the latter is the male of B. cunearis, which appears
to me to be certain, it is highly probable that B. ochrezpennis is also the
male of B. nigrescens; our specimens of the former are all males, those of
the latter females ; the differences are equivalent to those between B.

SJasciolaris and B. cunearis.

Yours very truly,
A. G. Bur er.

—— > +

While picking apples, October 12, 1887, I found a thin oblong
cocoon between two apples, with a leaf drawn over part of its upper side.
November 1, there came out a fine Q Lugonia almiaria. The orchard
consists of apple and pear trees, and the nearest pear tree is about twenty
feet from this one. I am not aware that Apple has been as yet known as
a food plant of this insect. M. S. CRane.

A Disclaimer.

Dear Mr. Editor :
In Ent. Amer.. vol. 3, p. 218, in a note on the

American species of Ca/imorpha, Mr. Lyman’s work on the subject, and
my own are noticed. For myself I can but welcome criticism, and as in
the very paper noticed I claim full liberty to disagree with everybody, I
certainly do not dispute the right of others to disagree with me. But
your reviewer speaks in the plural, of a ‘‘ Galileo consciousness.” Now
of course it is known to all that Galileo made a discovery, which the
conservative and prejudiced intellect of the period deemed incredible,
and forced him to recant It was Galileo vs. the mob. Now Mr. Ly-
man and myself have made, or claim to have made certain discoveries,
which are not generally accepted, and it is hard that ze should be placed
in the position of the mod, forcing the enlightened rank and file to recant
in spite of their better knowledge. I dont want to be Galileo—but I do
object to being the mob!

Aggrievedly yours,

Joun B. Smrru.

* >
*

Note by Editor.—If Mr. Smith were one of the Priests he would
know that one of the rules of Biblical interpretation is, that a parable is
to be used to explain the object in view, and is not to be forced into
having a correspondence and lessons in every particular. Galileo recanted
because he was compelled to do so in view of certain ‘* arguments ” such
as the thumb screw and stake. But he was unconvinced, and so ex-
pressed himself in a sort of a ‘‘sub rosa” way. Now our friends Messrs.
Smith and Lyman have advanced arguments which force us to assent,
as we can not with corresponding study and argument controvert ; and we
must logically confess they are right. Yet, notwithstanding my con-
fession, we feel certain they are wrong. .Weare sorry we have not the time
properly to study up Calhmorpha, and either convince or be convinced.
As it is, taking the pattern of ornamentation as the guide in the determ-
ination of species, and this is their guide, and taking Mr. Lyman’s figures
as representing typical forms, we can see no difference at all in pattern
between the first g figures of his plate, representing two of the species.
And, indeed, there is practical identity between figures 1 and 7, represent-
ing respectively C. Leconfei and C. confusa. But far be it from us to
consider Messrs. Smith and Lyman the Priests of the Church (not the
mob) or ourselves Galileo. Note the comparison was not even with the
shake of Galileo’s head, only a ‘‘sort of a Galileo shake,” a sufficiently
modest comparison !

Descriptions of New Florida CHALCIDS, belonging
to the Subfamily Eucyrtine.

By Wituram H. AsHMeap.

The following new Chalcids, belonging to the Subfamily Zucyrine,
were recently discovered by me, in arranging my collection.

APHYCUS, Mayr.

1. Aphycus niger, n. sp.

3. Length .03 inch. Opaque black, finely pubescent ; mandibles and palpi,
brown. The antennae is hardly as long as the thorax ; scape brown; flagellum
brown-black, nearly twice the !ength of the scape, rather densely pubescent, the joints
being wider than long. Thorax microscopically rugulose ; tegulae honey-yellow.
Abdomen very short, black, with bluish reflections in certain lights. Legs fuscous,
trochanters and knees, honcy-yellow ; tarsi pale, almost white. Wings hyaline, iri-
descent, veins brown.

Described from one specimen.

2. Aphycus chrysope, n. sp.

©. Length .c8 inch. Yellow-ferruginous. Eyes large, oval, black. Each
ocellus is surrounded by a black ring. The space between the eyes is very narrow
and very finely punctate. The thorax is smooth and there is a dusky streak across
the collar and on the fore part of the mesoscutum. Legs yellowish-white, Wings
hyaline, pubescent, the pubescence short ; veins pale brown, the stigmatal vein long,
stout.

Described from one specimen reared from a Chrysopa cocoon.

3. Aphycus unicolor, n. sp.

©. Length .o4 inch. A short, very robust form, its breadth being nearly equal
to its length. The head, thorax and the legs are of a uniform reddish-brown ; eyes
dark brown; palpi black. The head is very large, broad, with some coarse punct-
ures. The scape of antennae is dilated towards apex, it with the pedicel and the
first three funiclar joints concolorous with the body, the 4th, 5th and 6th funiclar
joints white, club black. The long tibial spur of middle legs is dusky at apex, while
the tarsal joints are much dilated as in certain Eupelmids. Wings hyaline.

Described from one specimen.

EUCYRTUS, Dalman.

4. Eucyrtus pyralidis, n. sp.

©. Length .03 inch. This pretty little species varies from a black to a blue
black, with a metallic greenish lustre on the thorax and lower part of face. The scape
of antennae is brown or black, except at tip, the first four funiclar joints are white,
while the pedicel, the two last funiclar joints and the club are ferruginous. Legs,
excepting trochanters, knees and tips of tibiae which are white, vary from a black to
a ferruginous color. Wings hyaline, veins pale, the marginal vein punctiform, stigmal
vein very delicate, short.

Described from four specimens reared from Peach pyralid.

Re ea

LEPTOMASTIX, Forster.
5. Leptomastix tinezvora, n. sp.

©. Length .o7 inch. The head, fore part of collar and the mesopleura, steel
blue ; thorax and abdomen brown ; eyes dark brown. Antennae very long, slender,
the pedicel extending considerably beyond the ocelli, it and the pedicel yellow, the
flagellum brown, the joints of which are very long. The legs are pale brown, ex-
cepting the basal one-third of the tibiae, and the tarsi, which are white. Wings
hyaline, pubescent, veins brown ; the marginal vein nearly twice the length or the
stigma and enclosed in a large dusky blotch which extends nearly across the wing.

Described from one specimen, reared from a Tineid larva.

PRIONOMASTIX, Mayr.
6. Prionomastix americana, n. sp.

3. Length .o7 inch. Head brownish-yellow ; thorax and abdomen fuscous,
sparsely pubescent. The space between the eyes wide, finely punctate; eyes and
antenne, excepting scape, dark brown; the scape rather short, slender , pedicel
very small; flagellar joints long, much flattened, and of nearly equal length, about
two-thirds as long as the scape. Scutellum large, highly convex and finely grooved.
Metathorax short, smooth. Abdomen small, sessile ovate, depressed above. Legs
fuscous, excepting the tibize at base, first four tarsal joints, and the large middle
tibial spur, all of which are white. Wings hyaline.

Described from one specimen.

PSILOPHRYS, Mayr.
7. Psilophrys armatus, nv. sp.

od’, @. Length .o5 inch. Dark blue with greenish metallic reflections on the
thorax and the upper part of the head. The antenna in the O is very slender and
entirely brown-black, excepting a pale pedicel ; in the <j‘ the scape is brownish-yel-
low, the joints of the flage!lum very long and covered with long hairs. The meso-
pleura in the female are steel-blue, in the male bronzy-green. The legs are pale
yellowish ; the coxze metallic blue or green ; the femora and tibiee, excepting at their
tips and the terminal tarsal joint, brown. In the <j, the middle tibize are entirely
pale yellow. The abdomen in the Q ends in an ovipositor half its length. Wings
hyaline, veins brown, the marginal vein hardly as long as the stigmal vein.

Described from 2 9 Q and 2 <\(¥\ specimens.

8. (?) Psilophrys pulchripennis, n. sp.

©. Length .o7 inch. Metallic blue green and cupreous. The head very large,
the eyes abnormally large, occupying the greater part of the head, and leaving but a
very narrow frontal space. The scape of the antennz is pale brown, the flagellum
black and more than twice the length of the scape, subclavate, the joints being slightly
longer than thick. The scutellum is cupreous. Abdomen blue. The legs are black
or brown, the trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae and tarsi, excepting the terminal joint,
pale or yellowish white. Wings fuliginous, excepting a clear space at base, two large
wedge-shaped spots in middle of the wing extending to fore margin, a smaller wedge-
shaped spot extending to hind margin, and the extreme apical margin of wing, all of
which are white.

Described from four specimens. This most beautiful Eucyrtid cer-
tainly does not belong to this genus; itis placed here only temporarily
on account of its long face; in some other respects it more closely re-
sembles the genus Blasfothrix.

—17—

‘ COMYS, Forster.
g. Comys cyanea, n. sp.
©. Length .o4 inch. Dark blue, the thorax and abdomen with a metallic luster
in certain lights. The antenna is variegated with red, yellow and brown. On the
scutellum towards the tip, are two erect clumps of black hairs. Legs blue, all the
tibize annulated with white at base and tips, tarsi pale yellowish-white. Wings
hyaline, the marginal vein rather thick, and a little longer than the delicate stigmal vein.

MIRA, Schellenberg.
to. Mira longipennis, n. sp.

©, Length .c6 inch. Robust, dark blue ; abdomen black. The head is very
thick, stout, transverse, broader than the thorax ; cheeks red ; face deeply emargin-
ated for the reception of the antennz. The antennz as in genus Cerapterocerus,
broadly dilated, zeneous-black, the flagellum joined to the scape before the tip, the
scape in consequence projecting as a sharp point off to one side. The anterior and
middle legs are brown, thighs and tibiz, black, tarsi brown. Wings, except a narrow
hyaline streak at tips, entirely smoky-black.

Described from one specimen. ‘This is the first species in this genus
to be described from our fauna; there is but a single other species
known—Jfira macrocera, Schell., peculiar to Europe.

PHANODISCUS, Forster.
11. Phenodiscus armatus, n. sp.
©. Length .o8 inch. A rather slender form. Head blue, the lower part of fave
and surrounding mouth parts, antennal scape, mesothorax, pleura, sternum, legs,
.coxze, and venter, brownish yellow. The flagellum, the scutellum, the upper part
of abdomen, the upper surface of posterior femora, and the apical two-thirds of
posterior tibia brown. The first funicle joint is a little longer than the pedicel, about
three times at long as thick, the other joints becoming gradually shorter, but widened
out toward the club, the latter stout, 3-jointed, obliquely truncate at apex. The ab-
domen is compressed and ends in an ovipositor more than half its length. The wings
are hyaline, with a dusky blotch across the center, veins brown, the marginal vein
about twice as long as the stigmal vein.
Described from one specimen.

DINOCARSIS, Forster.
12. Dinocarsis pulcher, n. sp.
©. Length .o§ inch. Head and thorax red, finely pubescent ; abdomen black ;
legs pale yellowish, immaculate. Eyes dark brown. The antenne are black, except-
ing a white annulus at the apex of the abnormally broadly dilated scape and the
white club. Wings hyaline, veins brown, the marginal vein about as long as the
stigmal vein, postmarginal, shorter.
Described from one specimen. .

CHOREIA, Westwood.
13. Choreia flavicincta, n. sp.

QO. Length .o8 inch. Head brown ; thorax anda band across the abdomen at
base, brownish-yellow. The scutelium, metathorax, pleura and posterior legs, fus-
cous. Abdomen greenish-blue, Eyes large, black, the space between them broad
and sparsely punctate, The antennz are slender, subclavate and not long. Wings
rudimentary.

Described from one specimen.

2178

Thoroughness in Entomological Tables.
By 7 i. Casey:

Analysis should invariably precede synthesis and generalization. Ap-
plying this truism to the science of Entomology, we readily perceive that
it may be considered from two points of view—the purely scientific and
the practical. Concerning the former it is intended to refer to the
necessity for a minute knowledge of all the parts before the whole, or the
mutual relationship of the different parts of the whole, can be properly
understood. Regarding the latter, or the practical application of the
principle, it is desirable to indicate the great inconvenience and loss of
time inflicted upon our students by the present method of simplification
or synthesis as exhibited in tabular statements of genera and species.

In order to illustrate our meaning more clearly it is only just to cite
some one of the multitude of examples continually occuring. In this il-
lustration it is necessary to refer to our only work on a systematic arrange-
ment of the North American genera of Coleoptera, a work the inestimable
value of which it is not intended in the least to overlook or underestimate;
in other words it is not meant in the spirit of captious criticism, but
simply as a random example of the practical efforts of this so-called
simplification.

Let us asume that the student holds in his hands a specimen of
Badister, which is entirely unknown to him and the generic identification
of which he is desirous of obtaining. The tables given in this work carry
him easily to the second part of the scheme given on page 21, or to those
genera without elytral fold. Here he is at once met by a difficulty. The
first character to be consulted is that of the front, whether short or nor-
mal, which being of no positive value unless he is familiar witb the entire
series, we will not consider, but pass to the next character which is that
of labral structure. If this organ is impressed the insect is to be referred
to the Ziciminz, if not, he should naturally search further. Examining the
labrum of Badis/er it is found to be deeply and narrowly emarginate or
cleft to the very base, leaving no space whatever for an impression, he
therefore continues his quest for applicable characters, and it is only after
reading the lengthy diagnoses of many other groups, that he arrives at the
conclusion from purely negative evidence that his species must be included
in the Zzcénznz. If there had been less simplicity and concentration fol-
lowed in the scheme, and if the group Badis/ermz had been there correct-
ly indicated, it is true that the tables would have been longer and more
complex, but much valuable time and vexation of spirit would have been

saved. In fact the selection of the labrum for the characterization of the
Licinini, if this group is to be constituted as thus stated, is peculiarly un-
fortunate, because there are no two American genera in which it is at all
similar, and the character given in the table will apply only to Dicelus.
In Diplochila the anterior margin is more deeply emarginate than in
Dicelus, but there is scarcely any trace whatever of impression. In both
these genera the labrum is large and conspicuous, while in Bads/er it is
very small, and, as before remarked, deeply cleft to base without trace of
impression,

The difficulty in recognizing groups applies also to the subdivisions
of genera, especially where such dissimilar elements are united as in the
case of Rhadine, Platinus and Anchus, or Dichirus, Anisodactylus and
Anisofarsus and -many others. Descending to species the same im-
barrassing doubts and delays are engendered in seeking identification from
tables wherein distinct but closely allied species are included under a
single name, without indication of the known characters of the various
elements which have been combined ; such for instance as in the ex/ensz-
collis group of Platynus, the validus group of Pterostichus, the sericeus
group of Chlenius, or the amalgamation of two such valid species as
Promecognathus levissimus and crassus.

We may conclude therefore with the hope that in our future tables
the subdivisions of groups, genera and species will be more clearly indi-
cated, at the expense perhaps of a little more time, ink and space, but to
the greater satisfaction of our entomological students, and ultimately to
the advance of our chosen science by enlisting the enthusiasm of those
who find, after consulting them, that their conceptions are clear and the
result of their investigation a positive advance in their knowledge of the
subject, and not shrouded in doubt and obscurity as is too often the case
at present. Call these subdivisions what we may, subgroups, subgenera
and subspecies, varieties or races, they should in every instance be clearly
outlined as far as known.

The motive of the synthesists is undoubtedly a philanthropic desire
to simplify a nomenclature which is becoming involved, and which from
the very conditions of the case must always be complicated if we are to
follow Nature along her chosen lines of development. We cannot force
her to be simple, and when we try to do so we make the matter much
more obscure by covering up and. suppressing the difficulties ; in short we
retrograde from an essentially necessary though scientific and therefore
manageable complexity toward a non-scientific and unwarrantable am-
biguity.

Society News.

Entomological Society of Washington, January 5, 1888, at the residence
of Prof. Riley. The reports of officers were read and submitted. The following
officers were elected for 1888: President, Mr. E. A. Schwarz; 1st Vice-Pres., Prof.
C. V. Riley ; 2nd Vice-Pres., Dr. Geo. Marx; Rec. Secretary, Mr. John B. Smith ;
Corr. Secretary, Mr. O. Lugger; Treasurer, Mr. B. Mann; Members of Executive
Committee, Mr. L. O. Howard, Mr. Theo. Pergande, and Dr. W. H. Fox. E

The retiring President, Mr. LO. Howard, read his annual address entitled ‘‘a
preliminary study of the parasites of Cosmopolitan Insects.’’ This paper was dis-
cussed and commented on by Prof. Riley and Messrs. Smith and Schwarz.

February 2, 1888, at the residence of Dr. Fox. Dr. Fox read some remarks on
the arachnid genus Do/omedes, giving the generic characters and notes on some of
the species. Thi: paper was discussed by Messrs. Smith, Howard and Schwarz. In
response to questions Dr. Fox stated the geographical distribution of the species.
Mr. Howard asked whether a well defined European genus, represented in America
by species differing in some one particular might be enlarged to include these species.
Mr. Schwarz said it might, and cited the various groups of Pterostichus as examples.
Mr, Smith answered by stating that in Europe Perigrapha had pectinated antennae
inthe 9. In America there were simple in that sex—the definition of the genus was
enlarged to meet this case. Mr. Heidemann remarked on the Hemiptera collected
by Mr. Schwarz in Dade Co., Florida, in the Spring of 1887. There appeared to be
about 95. species and all belonged to the West Indian fauna. All except a few obscure
species were described from that faunal region. Mr. Smith referring to this paper
said he did not consider this fauna a part of the temparate American fauna and would
not include it in our lists. It beiongs to the West Indian and Central American fauna
and not to that of North America as understood in our lists. Mr. Schwarz says this
fauna extends much further North than is usually believed, and states that all the
Coleoptera collected by him belong to the West Indian fauna. Mr. Smith says the
same holds true of the Lepidoptera so far as determined.

Mr. Howard mentioned that he had received the variety of the chinch bug, col- ©

lected by Mr. Schwarz, with short pointed wing covers, from other sources and now
believes that this is sea coast form.

Mr. Schwarz exhibited specimens of an undescribed Ay/eborus. allied to fy7é,
and of its galleries which he found in South-eastern Florida within the branches of
the Cocoa Plum (Chrysobalanus icaco). These galleries represent a form hitherto un-
known in any of the described North American Scolytids and resemble somewhat
those of the European .X. sazeszzi. From the entrance hole the gallery runs for some
distance straight into the wood ; then follows a rather abrupt elbow whereupon the
gallery is gradually enlarged into a capacious but shallow chamber which reaches
to the core of the branch. At the inner lower corner of this chamber is another,
smaller and elongate chamber entirely within the core. On the bottom of this last
chamber, a number of eggs and young larvae were found, all in a heap; while in the
larger chamber there was a pair of the beetles. The two sexes of this new species
differ in a remarkable degree. Referring to Aydedorus pyri Mr. Schwarz pointed out
that Mr. Peck’s account of the galleries, published in 1817 contains a number of the
most glaring errors; but in spite of this, it has been copied and quoted up to the
present time by all subsequent writers on this Xy/eborus,

TON OCIg
AMERICANA

VOL, 1Y. BROOKLYN, MAY, 1888. NO. 2.

Preliminary Survey of the CICADA of the United States.
By Ey sR. UnLer.

In bringing together materials for a list of the Homoptera of North
America it has become necessary to refer the species hitherto placed in
the old genus Crcada to the genera lately defined by the labors of Dr.
Stal, Mr. Distant, and others. These species are comparatively numerous
and together form a fine assemblage, including representatives of groups
which occur in the neotropical, nearctic, and palzearctic regions.

Tettigia, represented thus far in North America by only a single
species, is an old world type which here is closely confined to the great
coastal plain that stretches along the continent from the vicinity of New
York city to Southern Texas. This neat species, first described by Say
from Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, spreads throughout the whole
length of the Atlantic border, and passing along the Gulf coast across
Texas enters the province of Tamaulipas, Mexico. It thus passes through
several climatal areas, in all of which it preserves much the same size,
proportions, and pattern of marking.

The genus Fidicina, distinguished by the large and strong neo-
tropical species, such as /. mannifera, L., fails to appear within the
limits of the United States, but in its stead are found several large and
vigorous forms of the true genus Cicada, of which the most conspicuous
example is the beautiful C. dorsa/a, Say. A multitude of smaller forms.
many of which are built after a pattern similar to that of the Thirteen-year
Cicada, find a home in most parts of the country extending from Southern
Canada west to the Pacific coast, and thence to Lower California. This

part of the assemblage bears some resemblance to the prevailing type of
European S/ridudantia, and suggests the possibility that some of the forms
of Zibicina, Cicadrata, and Cicadetfa may hereafter prove to be climatal
modifications of of species common to both continents.

The spgcies of Europe are much more numerous than those of the
United States, but the former continent lacks the massive and strong
forms which are common to our country east of the Rocky Mountains.

Our forms with the smaller drums and opercula are more feeble and
sluggish than those with the larger sonorous apparatus, and while abun-
dant along and in the Rocky Mountain belt, cross to to the eastern side
of the continent by way of the elevated plateau region north of the Ohio
river.

A new genus P/atypedia occurs in the Canons of the Rocky Moun-
tains in Colorado, and again in different localities in the high lands of
Montana, Nevada, California, and Oregon.

Below, we offer a list of the recognized species of the United States,
with some references to the localities in which they have been found.

Family CICADA, Fieb.

Tettigia, Amyot & Serv.
T. hieroglyphica, Say, (Cicada). Jour. Acad. Phila., 1830, vol. VI,

Dp: 235;
Cicada characteria, Germ. Thon. Entom. Archiv., 1830, vol.
JI se sepa fe

Cicada johannis, Walk. Brit. Mus. List Hom., v. I, p. 149, 87.

Cicada sex-guttata, Walk. ‘ cp v. 1). pe DS4703

Inhabits the coast lands of Eastern North America from Northern

New Jersey to Southern Florida, from thence it spreads along the coast

of the Gulf of Mexico across Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and
‘Texas into the province of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Carineta, Amyot & Serv.

C. parvula, Say. Jour. Acad. Phila., 1825, vol. 4, p. 333, 5.
Cicada pallescens, Germ. Thon. Entom. Archiv. 1830, v. II,
Dp. "8,. 93;
This neat little insect is of a pale green color when alive, sometimes
marked with fuscous, but speedily becomes straw yellow after desiccation
and exposure to the air.

It inhabits the plateau-lands of Georgia, Tennessee, Louisiana, Ar-

kansas, Illinois, Kansas and Texas ; but it has not thus far been reported
from the coastal plain of any of the States in which it has been found.

Platypedia, new genus.

Elongate, acutely tapering posteriorly, with a sub-carinate ridge on the tergum,
extending from near the base to beyond the middle ; wing-covers when at rest almost
vertical. Head bluntly triangular, hirsute, the vertex gently sloping, almost as long
as the pronotum, with the transverse sulcus deep and direct, not triangularly parted;
the anterior ocellus placed in a longitudinal groove, which latter is continued upon
the turmid front; tront quite prominent, strongly convex ; exterior cheeks Jong and
narrow ; supra-antennal plates narrow, thick, bounded each side by a notch. Pro-
notum short, moderately hirsute, with the dorsal surface feebly convex, not cor-
rugated, but with two oblique grooves each side, the lateral margins almost straight,
with the anterior angles feebly reflexed, and the posterior angles narrowly, but ap-
ruptly turned up ; epipleural flaps as long as the pronotum, broadly crescentiform,
but a little triangularly produced obliquely backwards and downwards. Anterior
femora short and stout, swollen in the middle, grooved on the outside near the tip.
Wing-covers wide, strongly bowed on the costal margin, the areoles large and mostly
wide, basal areole oblong, the radical areole occupying more than one-half the length
of the wing-cover, the second ulnar areole short, wide, almost triangular ; the apical
areoles narrow, and the third, fourth, and sixth ‘of equal length, with their inner tip
triangular, while the inner end of the second, fifth, and seventh is truncated ; wings
narrow, not reaching as far as the tip of the discoidal areole of the hemelytra, with
the anal-flaps broadly rounded, and separated by a deep emargination from the other
member of the wing. Anal segment of both sexes narrow and compressed, acutely
tapering, with the ovipositor of the female almost enclosed therein. Sonorous valves
of the male rudimentary, inconspicuous.

1. P. areolata, Uhler, (Cicada). Proc. Acad. Phila., 1861, p. 285.

The roughness and granulation of the surface of pronotum, besides
the broader proportions of the thorax, as well as the almost absence of
markings will serve to separate this species from the following.

It has been captured in Utah, San Mateo, Cal., Nevada, and Wash-
ington Territory. ;

2. P. putnam, Uhler, (Cicada). Hayden, Bull. Geol. Surv. Territ.,

B577, Vol. 1, p. 455; 3,

This species is generally of a bright steel-blue color, distinctly marked
with brilliant orange.

It has been taken at Ogden, Utah, in Clear Creek Canon, Col., and
in several parts of the mountainous region of Nevada.

Callida purpurea, Say.
By Orromar D1etz.

On an Entomological Expedition last Summer, in which Mr. G.
Beyer and others participated, I was fortunate enough to take the above

named beautiful Carib, It was found July 3rd, at Greenwood Lake, N. J.,
in a little swampy meadow. It was found slowly crawling on flowers
(Berberide) which were scattered in profusion over the ground.

In the face of the intense heat I made a complete examination of the
surroundings with the sweeping net and had the satisfaction of obtaining
8 perfect specimens all of which, in spite of the name purpurea, were of a
very bright green color.

About 4 weeks later Mr. Beyer at the same place took without any
difficulty in search, a large number of this same beetle on Blackberry
bushes.

The Excursion spoken of above and which lasted 3 days was, I am
glad to say, a very successful one, not only in the quantity of material
taken, but also in the numbers of specimens, especially Cerambdycide,
Bupreshde, Chrysomehde and Curculonidee.

Among other things I took a specimen of Cryfforynchus Lapathi,
Linn., showing that this species is probably already quite widely dis-
tributed.

<> 6 <p

Description of Mature Larva of Gnophela
vermiculata, G. & R.

By Davip Bruce.

Body black, with a row of diamond shaped spots on back, forming
a yellow dorsal line ; a row of yellow V-shaped marks along the spiracles;
two small yellow dots on each segment just above spiracles ; twelve small
tufts of short white hairs on each segment, each springing from a blue
tubercle. Head clear amber brown ; underside of body clear yellow the
whole length ; feet black. Pupa, glossy black, with shield-shaped yellow
spots ; black spiracle in center of each spot, short spring tufts on each
end of pupa. Cocoon, a single loose layer of white lacy web, appearing
as if delicately punctured. Imago emerged in 2 weeks. These larve
_ were plentiful in the upper part of Piatte Canon, Col., in July, feeding on
Mertensia Virginica. They are gregarious when young, but separate and
wander as they approach maturity ; when full grown the whole brood ap-
pears to make for the nearest large detached rock where they spin their
cocoons in the angles and crevices, generally in clusters, and often cover-
ing each others cocoons so thickly that many of the moths are not able
to make their way through but die crippled. The general appearance of
the larva reminds one of some of the Acronyc/e.

Euproserpinus Euterpe, A New Species of Sphingide.

By Henry Epwarps.

Allied to, and very probably confounded in collections with £Z.
Phaeton, G. & R., but certainly distinct. Many examples of PAaefon have
at different times passed through my hands, though strangely enough,
they have nearly all been QQ. Boisduval described A/acr. Erato =
Phaeton from a Q, and Grote and Robinson’s type also belonged to
that sex. I have one specimen of the <j in which the antennz are with-
out serrations, and distinctly thickened towards the extremity exactly as
in Hemaris and Afacroglossa, thus showing in this respect a close relation
to those genera. In the © of this species (Phae/on) the antenne are
deeply and rather coarsely biserrate, and at the same time are gradually
thickened towards the extremity. Another peculiarity of the species is
the remarkably oblique exterior border of the lower wings, which carries
a black marginal band of nearly equal width, not however reaching to
the anal angle In my collection is a form, which, though in its system
of coloration exactly resembling PAae/on, must from other characters be
a distinct species, i not representing another genus. It is this which I
propose to call Z. Ewéerpe. In it the antennze are of equal size through-
out, the tip being furnished with a sharply curved hook. The serrations
are very deep and long, and when viewed through a lens, each joint ap-
pears to be furnished with a series of bristles, as in some genera of Zge-
ride. The thorax and abdomen are densely clothed with long hair, the
latter being very robust, and much shorter than in P&aefon, extending
very little beyond the wings. The wings are broader than in the more
familiar species, the primaries being entirely more rounded, and not pro-
duced at the apex, while the secondaries instead of being oblique upon
the margin, are very distinctly rounded, the apex being the opposite of
acute. In color, there is great resemblance between the two forms,
though in Ewé/erpe the shading of the upper wings is brownish while in
Phaeton it is black. In Phaeton the basal line is geminate and slightly
oblique, the outer of the double lines turning slightly toward the base on
the costa. In Luwéerpe, it is single, thick, slightly dentate on its outward
edge, while behind it is a deep blackish brown shade reaching as far as
the cell, and there touching an ovate discal spot. In Phaefon the space
behind the basal line is grayish mottled with black to a space about 2
mm, from the margin, and the discal mark is linear and not ovate. Be-
fore reaching the rather broad black posterior margin there are 3 faint
black lines from the internal margin which are obsolete before reaching
the costa. The inner edge ot the posterior margin is sinuate, and very

—=35—

slightly irregular in its outline. In Eu/erpe, the space behind the broad
blackish basal shade, is very distinctly gray, mottled with fawn color,
and with a few scattered white scales. The inner edge of this gray space
overreaches upon the broad black border in 3 very deep and distinet
teeth, one on the internal angle, one in the middle and one reaching al-
most to the apex, thus differing in a remarkable manner from the form
of the posterior border of Phaeton. The fringes are also distinctly longer,
and bear more white in Zw/erfe than in the other species. The second-
aries are, as I have said, more rounded on their margins, the black
marginal band is broader than in Phaefon, and is swollen in the middle
of its inner edge, while in PAae/on this edge is quite straight. The base
of the lower wing in both species is black. In Phaefon, the disc is pale
primrose yellow, this shade being nearly of the same width throughout.
In Luserpe, the disc is clear white, very broad on the costa, but abruptly
narrowing, so that at the anal margin, it is only one fourth of the width
on the costa. In Phaeton, the thorax is clothed with long gray hairs,
while the abdomen, which is black in both sexes, bears on the sides of
the 4th and 5th segments bunches of pale yellow hairs, which are also
visible beneath. In Zwferge, the clothing of thorax and abdomen is
blackish gray throughout, and there is no trace whatever of the yellow
lateral patches. On the lower side the markings are repeated in both
species, but in Phaefon they are sharply and clearly defined, while in
Luterpe they are confused and somewhat indistinct. The difference in
shape of the discal mark of the primaries is very decidedly displayed on
the lower side, and in Zu/erpe there is a distinct linear discal mark on
the secondaries, absent in Phae/on. In Euferfe, the hairy covering of the
legs and lower side of the abdomen is blackish gray throughout, while in
Phaeton the clothing of the legs is yellowish white mixed with gray, and
the abdomen is blue black, with 2 faint white bands, and a sparse cover-
ing of gray hairs. In Phae/on, the antenne in both sexes are black
throughout, but in Lu/erpe the shaft is clear white, with the serrations
blackish brown.

I have no doubt whatever of the distinctness of this lovely species of
which I have only seen the Q example, from which the present descrip-
tion is taken. I have been careful to give a comparison between the two
forms, though there can be no possibility except at the first glance, of
confounding them. In shape of wings, robust form of abdomen, and
the structure of the antennze, Zw/erpe approaches very closely to the little

known Arc/fonolus lucidus.

The unique example was captured near San Diego, California, by
the late H. K. Morrison.

An Introduction to a Classification of the North American
Lepidoptera.
By Jonn B. Smiru.
(Continued from p. 81, vol. I.)

Somewhat allied to the Seszd@ in appearance and in habits are the
Thyridide, few in number both as to genera and species. Like the Se-
stide the imagoes are diurnal in habit. The larve are little known. The
European species lives on Clematis in cone shaped cases and gives out
an unpleasant Hemip/era like odor. It is short, stout, cylindric, with
small tubercles and single hairs and has 16 feet.

The imagoes are small and stout with strong long tongue, large pro-
jecting and bristly palpi, and spindle formed antennz, the basal joint
considerably enlarged. In the male they are singly pectinated. The
ocelli are wanting, eyes naked, distinct, though not prominent. The
legs are stout, clothed with long stiff hair, the middle tibia with one pair,
posterior with two pairs of spurs. Thorax robust, smoothly clothed.
Abdomen smooth, with a long slender anal tuft. The median cell is
simple, the primaries twelve veined, all the veins separate, dorsal or in-
ternal vein furcate at base. The secondaries have two internal veins, costal
vein free from base—altogether 8 veins.

We have two genera—Zzhyris agrees with the
family characters. P/atythyris is unknown to me in
nature, but according to Grote and Robinson’s
description it contradicts nearly every family cha-
racter, and leaves only the superficial habitus to
authorize its reference here. According to them.
the antennz are rather long, slender, filiform and
naked. Head sunken, unprominent; palpi as in
Thyrts. Eyes globose, small, vertex narrow. Pro-
thorax square, wide and short, not projected in front
of the wings as in Zhyris, closely scaled. Abdomen stout, sessile, not
exceeding secondaries, Wings white; primarries more than half as wide
as long, apices obtusely rounded, external margin entire, slightly sinuate,
being outwardly rounded before internal angle ; antennal margin straight,
equalling the costal margin in length. Secondaries wide and full nearly
as large as the primaries, external margin very sinuate. Legs asin Zhyrvs.
The venation is not described and therefore its reference here may per-
haps prove proper—if so, the definition of the family must be enlarged.
I shall not be unprepared however to find that it does not belong to this
family at all.

Venation of Thyris.

ater

The anomolous family He/erogynide has recently been added to our
Lists by Mr. Hy. Edwards (Ento. Am., 3, 181, Jan, 1888). In habitus
and appearance these insects resemble the Psychide with which they have
also the apterous females in common.

In the male the antennz exceed half the length of the primaries and
are pectinated. Palpi and tongue very small, the latter practically wanting.
Face very broad. Eyes naked, small, globose. Ocelli wanting. Body
slender, with sparse lengthy vestiture, abdomen scarcely exceeding second-
aries. The legs are similar in length and vestiture, the median and
posterior tarsi shorter and stouter than the anterior—middle tibia with
one pair, posterior with two pairs of spurs. The posterior femora are
densely clothed with fine woolly vestiture.

Primaries broad, with rounded apices and
obliquely rounded outer margin. They have
two internal veins, of which the lower is fur-
A cate basally—veins 8 and 10 are wanting and,
LE except the costal vein, the others are all separate
out of the cell at and near its end.
The secondaries have three internal veins-—
ae four veins from the narrow median cell, and
two from the base above the subcostal—a most
unusual character. The wings are semi-trans-
parent; but sparsely clothed with fine hair
like scales,

Venation of Heterogynis. The female is apterous, eyes smali, mouth
parts rudimentary. The legs are more membraneous than chitinous and
end ina blunt point. The body is naked and inferiorly much dilated—
the-maculation is larviform. The larva is said Boisduaval to be onisci-
form and to live openly on Gevzs/a.

Mr. Edwards refers to this family his genera Penthefria and Thia
(Ento. Am., 3, 181). The latter is unknown to me but the generic de-
scription contradicts the family characters in several important particulars.

Penthetria, which I know in ail stages through the kindness of Prof.
Riley, who has made careful drawings of all structural details, differs in
every respect---venation—head structure—the fully developed females and
in larval history, and Mr. Edwards has allowed habitual peculiarities to
mislead him. The family is an easily recognizable one and I have so
fully characterized it that it may be recognized if met with by others. *

(TO BE CONTINUED. )

* The figures of venation are after Moeschler. They are incorrect in that the
dorsal vein of primaries in each figure is simple instead of furcate at base. Otherwise
they are accurate, and the descriptions mentions these characters correctly.

-

On North American Tineide.

By Wm. BeuTENMULLER.

Acrolophus mexicanellus, n. sp.

Head and thorax covered with rather long stone drab and fuscous scales ; labial
palpi short, porrect, densely covered with stone drab and fuscous scales. Antenne
fuscous. Primaries, stone drab, with a number of very fine wavy transverse fuscous
lines, which are almost absent on the middle third of the inner margin to nearly the
median vein ; at the end of the discal cell is an oblique fuscous dash running to the
inner angle, which is somewhat suffused outwardly. On the fold at about the middle
of the wing is a small fuscous patch. Cilia stone drab mixed with fuscous. Second-
aries and cilia fuscous, Underside of primaries and secondaries wholly fuscous, the
latter slightly paler.

This species has a superficial resemblance to Acrolophus huls/ellus,
Beut., but may be readily distinguished from it by being a much larger
ae insect, and also by the rounded apices of the wings.

Expanse of wings 30 mm. 1 Q.
| Taken by Mr. Julius Mohn in the City of Mexico.
_ Pseudanaphora arcanella, Clem.
: The © of this species, which has hitherto remained undescribed,
iffers ie the male only in size, and short porrected labial palpi.
Expanse of wings 32 mm. _ Length of palpi 1.50 mm.
Ortholophus variabilis, Wlsm.
Three examples taken by Hy. Edwards at Havilah, Calif. ; heretofore
only recorded from Arizona.
Psecadia monticola, Wlsm.
A single specimen I received from Colorado, and one from N. W.
British Columbia. Formerly known from California and Oregon only.
Psecadia subczrulea, Wlsm.

A number of specimens of this species from Arizona are in the col-
lection of Hy. Edwards. Originally described from California.

Psecadia obscurella, n. sp.

6d. Head sooty brown with grayish white scales, and a black spot on the vertex ;
palpi sooty brown with grayish white scales. Thorax grayish white with three black
spots on each side ; antennz black. Primaries wholly sooty brown, sparsely covered
with grayish white scales along the costal and apical regions, while the dorsal half to
the inner angle is very densely covered with scales, limited above by a narrow broken
black basal streak, running to a little beyond the middle of the wing. On _ the basal
third below the fold is a small black spot and another scaly grayish white one on the
disc. The Series of black terminal spots almost obsolete. The extreme edge of the
costa, from before the basal third to a little beyond the apical third, pale ochreous.
Secondaries and cilia fuscous, glossy, becoming ochreous toward the inner angle and
base. The extreme edge of the costa is also ochreous. Underside of primaries fus-
cous. S2condaries same as above. Body above and bzlow pale yellowish ochreous,

and at the side orange ochreous. Fore pairs of legs sooty brown, with grayish
white scales. Hind legs ochreous, tarsi annulated with brown.
Q. Differs from the <j‘ in having the markings a little more produced, especially
the terminal series of black spots, and the secondaries much paler.
Expanse of wings 22 mm. 1 <j, andt Q.
Havilah, California, (Hy. Edwards), June, 1869.
Cryptolechia concolorella, n. sp. ‘

Head, palpi, thorax and abdomen, wholly grayish fuscous. Primaries dirty
cinereous, dens!y covered with fuscous, scales so as to nearly obscure the ground
color ; at the apical third the scales form a much rounded indistinct transverse band,
Secondaries same color as the primaries. All the wings beneath are grayish fuscous,
as are also the legs.

Expanse of wings 21 mm. 1 <j.

Hab. —Nevada.

Gracilaria sanguinella, n. sp.

Head bright red with the face canary yellow. Palpi orange red, as is also the
thorax above and below. Antennz fuscous, and at the juncture whitish. Primaries
bright orange red, with the costa narrowly margined with canary yellow, from
nearly the base to the apex. Cilia fuscous, except at the apex orange red. Second-
aries grayish fuscous, as are also the cilia. Underside of primaries fuscous, except
the apex orange red. Secondaries same as above.

Expanse of wings 14 mm.
1 o, andr Q, taken by Mr. Hy. Edwards in Santa Clara Co.,
California, June, 1869.

Gracilaria nigristrigella, n. sp.

Head and palpi pale straw yellow. Thorax dirty yellowish. Primaries purpli-h
brown, mottled irregularly with straw yellow patches, and along the inner margin
from the base to a litt!e beyond the middle of the wing a rather broad black streak.
Cilia, fuscous, except at apex straw yellow. Secondaries and their cilia, grayish
fuscous. Underside of primaries fuscous, except the cilia at the apex straw yellow.
Secondaries same as above.

Length 14 mm.
One specimen, taken by Mr. Hy. Edwards in Alameda Co., Calif.,
on the trunk of an Oak tree, June, 1869.
Gracilaria ruptistrigella, n. var.

Differs from the preceding form in having the black streak on the primaries
broken, and forming three spots instead, one at the base, one on the basal third, and
one a little beyond the middle of the wing. The markings otherwise are the same.

1 example. California, (Hy. Edwards).
Gracilaria shastella, n. sp.

Head, palpi and thorax, pale yellow ; antennz fuscous, annulated with white.
Primaries pale sordid yellow with numerous black patches scattered over the wings,
some being more conspicuous than others. Cilia fuscous, except the apex yellow.
Secondaries, tuscous. Underside of wings, fuscous.

Expanse of wings 11 mm.

2 3\o'. Hab.—California, (Hy. Edwards).

EEE

On the genus Sympetrum, Newman.
By Dr. H. A. Hacen.

Mr. E. Newman, 1833, in Entomological Magazine, vol. I, p. 511
to 514, ina paper named “Entomological Notes,” after treating some
other subjects, published a new genus Sympetrum, belonging to the
genus Libellula of Dr. Leach. Of the British species, belonging to this
genus, are described: S. scofica, Donovan; S. rufostigma, Newman
(= LZ. sanguinea, Muell.) ; S. vulgatum, L. (= non, Linn. ; striolata,
Chp.); S. dasale, Newm., (= L. sanguinea, Muell.); S. flavéolata,
Newm. (— Z. flaveola, L.). The remainder of Zibed/ula he divided into
three genera, as Mr. Newman states. Ina foot note the characters are
given as follows:

Syvmpeirum, abdomen laterally compressed—Zx. vulgatum, L.

Orthetrum, abdomen laterally parallel---Zv. ce@rulescens, F., can-
cellatum, L.

Platetrum, abdomen depressed and dilated—&x. depressum, L.,
consparcatum, F.

Leptetrum, abdomen conical and pointed—Lx. guadrimaculatum,
L., prenubilum, Newm.

“They will,” the author adds, “in all probability resolve eventually into
three distinct genera, and as such I had once prepared them for publica-
tion together with Sympetrum as below, but a dislike /o name-giving in-
duced me to relinquish them.” 1 think by this statement it is evident, that
the three last genera, which Mr. Newman has himself later, during 43
years, never used, not even mentioned, have certainly no right of priority.
Indeed, Ento. Mag., I, p. 416, he speaks of Lebellula prenubila and Lib.
quadrimaculata, and ibid., vol. III, p. 151, prints in a paper of his friend
Ed. Doubleday, 224. guadrimaculata, L. depressa, L. prenubila, The
characters given for the genus Sympefrum are: Caput metathorace latius
(so it is in every spectes of Odonata) ; propodeon podeonque in com-
missura incrassata (Common to every species of Odona/a, but stronger in
the males) ; segmenta sequentia lateribus compressa (among the species
of Sympetrum only in the females, mostly cylindrical in the males) ; pro-
telum ac adjacentia plus minusve incrassata (common to nearly every
species of Odonata, because these parts contain the internal genitals) ;
telum minutum (common to a// Odona/a) ; teli appendices note ceteris
distinctee vix praebent ; alarum stigma utrinque convexum (without value).

Mr. Newman, as far as I am able to ascertain, mentions only twice
more the name Sympefrum. In Ento. Mag., V, 484, where he con-

cludes: ‘‘the species of Sympetrum are perfectly distinct ; the remainder
of the genera and species will, I believe, stand.”

In Zoologist, 1845, vol. ILI, p. 1044, he mentions Sympetrum rufo-
sigma. Entomologist, vol. I, 1841, p. 159 and p. 205, S. rubicunde is
mentioned by Mr. Doubleday.

I find Mr. Newman’s genera only twice quoted by British Scientists. °
Mr. J. F. Stephens, Mandibulata, vol. IV, 1836, gives mof as genera but
as subgenera or subgroups the four names with the short characters of
Mr. Newman, and of the new species of the monograph of Sympetrum
he quotes only one. Mr. J. O. Westwood, in ‘Synopsis of the Genera
of British Insects,” 1839, p. 48, after the gertus Zbe//ula puts in brackets
the four names and one species to each of them. As he has counted for
Libellula 15 specimens it is evident that he did not accept Newman’s
genera.

It is difficult to understand now why some of Mr. Newman's papers
were not acknowledged or at least not mentioned by English Scientists ;
however it seems to me out of place to speak here about things happily
forgotten fifty years ago.

Mr. W. E. Evans British Libeiluline, London, 1845, uses Diplax
from the nomenclature of Charpentier, and mentions nowhere Sympetrum.
It is impossible that this work was unknown to Mr. Newman. Zoologist,
1845, p. 1044, he speaks of the presence ‘‘of Mr. Selys in London, en-
gaged in examining the cabinets of the London collectors, for the purpose
of correctly ascertaining under what names the various species of Eee
have been described by British Entomologists.”

Baron DeSelys paper, published Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist.,
1846, p. 217, is reprinted by Mr. Newman, Zoologist, 1846, p. 1522,
but nothing is said in favor of his genera, which are not even mentioned
in this paper.

Entomologists nowadays will scarcely be able to understand the diffi-
culties, which impeded the working fifty years ago. There was no con-
nection to speak of between Scientists of Great Britain and the continent.
In 1843 I found Stephens’ Brit. Entom. and Curtis wanting in the libra-
ries of Berlin, Vienna, Paris and of the Jardin des Plantes. The only
copy in Germany belonged to the Senator von Hayden in Frankfurt a. M.,
which Erichson was allowed to consult. There did not exist any yearly
Record ; the first was published 1834 in Wiegman’s Archiv by Burmeister.
The first Presidents Address of the Entomological Society by Mr. Children
was published for distribution among the members ; the first Address of
the Secretary, Mr. Westwood, contains nothing on Sympetrum. The
existence of the Entomological Magazine was nearly unknown on the
continent. Percheron, Bibliography, p. 225, quotes it ‘‘per Walker the

first 8 numbers,” and in the catalogue of the library of Victor Andouin,
p. 55, we find the same statement. In the-catalogues of the libraries of
old prominent Scientists, Charpentier, Dejean, Guérin, Ménéville, Klug,
Lacordaire, Sturm, the Entomological Magazine is wanting. Burmeister,
Handbuch, vol. II, p. 14, quotes the first volume and one number as
seen by him, and this is the only copy mentioned for Germany. The
first copy I saw myself, 1839, belonged to Mr. G. Marxlin in Upsala.
As it was my custom, I copied for my own use all belonging to Odona/a,
but by a curious chance out of the copy still before me the part on Sym-
petrum must have been lost during my travels, and is therefore not quoted
in my dissertation, 1840, and in my Review on the recent literature of
Neuroptera, Stett. Ento. Zeit., 1849" p. 68, only as not seen by me.

When in 1857 I went to London by invitation of Mr. J. E. Gray to -
study the British Neuroptera in the collections, I applied to Mr. E. New-
man for the permission to see his own collection and that of the Ento-
mological Club. I will never forget the kindness with which I was re-
ceived by him. He spent the larger part of a whole day in showing
me the collections, and as in the meantime I had made myself thoroughly
acquainted with his writings, we had a detailed conversation about them,
and of course also on the nomenclature of the Zzbel/ula. Zoologist, 1857,
p. 5879, he speaks about my visit and says: ‘‘the Neuroptera have been
recently examined and the nomenclature rectified by Dr. Hagen.”

He did not take any exception to the nomenclature used by De Selys
and myself in the Revue, of which, contrary to his former intentions, he
has never made a report. So I had the conviction he had relinquished
Sympetrum as well as the other genera. I considered the names free and
used three of them with a different character, converting them in a
feminine combination, to avoid the tedious change of the species name to
a neutrum.

After all, it was not the fate of English papers only to be over-
looked in those times. Mr. E, Newman himself, when he published,
1852, his paper on the classification of Neuroptera, entirely over-
looked the papers of Klug, Erichson, and Stein published twelve years
before.

The names of Mr. E. Newman have not been used by any one of the
many writers on Zzde//u/a during the long time since their publication,
and Mr. E. Newman has never taken any exception to vindicate his rights,
though all important works were well known to him. He has never ob-
jected to the use of his names modified and accompanied by a different
character by myself in the Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America,
in 1860.

Mr. M’Lachlan introduced these names again in his List of British

Neuroptera, and Baron De Selys now in his Odonates de I’Asie mineure,
1887, has replaced Diplax by Sympetrum ; “quelques facheux que soient
actuellement les changements de nomenclature—per une application ex-
agérée du droit de priorité, il me semble juste d’adopter le nom de Sym-
petrum au liex de Diplax.”

I have shown before that three of the genera were relinquished by
the author directly, and that the names were never used by himself or any-
body else, and that they could not be considered therefore to have the right
of priority to supersede other names 37 years later. Concerning Sym-
petrum the analysis of its characters given shows that the character is en-
tirely insufficient, and that Mr. Newman has never taken an exception
against the non-acceptance of this genus by his own countrymen,
Stephens, Westwood, Evans, and de Fonscolombe (1837) Baron De
Selys, Hagen, and every writer upon Odona/a since 1833. Further, that
Hagen after conversing with Mr. Newman about this genus had the de-
cided conviction, that it has been relinquished by the author also. It was
at least in former years always considered that monographs in prepara-
tion, because the plates needed so much time, had a right to supersede
names published during the time. ‘The first plate of Charpentier is dated
1828, and in 1837 Westwood saw in Bonn the big volume of plates, and
therefore the name Dzf/ax was everywhere accepted. Probably Mr. New-
man was of the same opinion as he did not object to Baron De Selys’
papers in 1846 and 1850.

I think therefore the names of the genera given by Mr. Newman
should not be accepted.

*

1 <>

A More Wicked Worm!
Epiroxr Entom. AMER.

.» Dear Sir :—Reading No. to of Vol. III, Ento. Am., I was much
amused by the article ‘‘ A wicked Worm.” I can assure you no one in
Germany knows of this terrible insect, nor have I read anything about it
in any of the German newspapers. It seems to me this worm must have
developed quite independently in the brain of some North American
Journalist. Of course there can be no doubt of the truth of the story.

Mr. Smith is, in my opinion, right in his idea, that this worm and
those that destroyed the Russian cannons during the Crimean War, are
nearly allied. A third worm, belonging to the same family and perhaps
genus, is the famous ‘‘Ice Worm” which fed on the ice in the cellar of a
great brewery at Dresden once upon a time. Of course the March beer
went to ruin, as did also the brewery and all the stockholders! Neither
ice, beer, nor money was to be found !

Yours truly,
H. B. Méscuter.

Phlceophagus spadix, Herdsi,

By Wiritam Jivicu.

Collecting on Rockaway Beac!), L.. 1, June 18th, last year, among
the driftwood, I turned over board, half imbedded in the sand and thor-
oughly soaked with salt water. The board laid within the line of the
high tide and must have been under water several hours every day for
some time. Crawling on it were a few small, dark brownish Curculios
which reminded me very much at the time of ZVassoptes marinus, Horn,
which I found under similar circumstances at the Pacific coast. Upon
closer examination of the board—pine, about 2 inches thick, rotten and
wormeaten—I succeeded in cutting out about 30 beetles, and a number
of larvae and pupze ; the larve as lively as crickets, 3 to 4 mm. long, ofa
yellowish white color, head. considerably darker, and mandibles brown.
On each side of the first three segments they had, on small wart-like pro-
jections, a very small leg. The beetle proved to be Phleophagus spadix,
Herbst, a European species, not before found in this country to my
knowledge. This capture I consider especially interesting as it shows
how some of these importations are landed,

A board infested and wormeaten is thrown over board as useless and
washed ashore, where the involuntary passengers take to the wing to seek
conditions to suit them, or accomodate themselves the best way they can,
or perish, if not capable of doing so. The astonishing tenacity of life,
peculiar to Curculios, enables them to outlive unfavorable conditions
which would kill a great many other insects, especially in the larval state,
and accounts for the great number of Rhynchophoride ‘‘ naturalized” to
our fauna.

In order to indentify this species, if it comes under the observation
of our collectors, I give the synopsis of Dr. Horn of the three species
now known to belong to our fauna.

Elytra oval, humeri broadly rounded. i
Thorax very densely and coarsely punctured, elytral striz broad, coarsely and
GeeppeMMeClured, 4°TONI. 5.6 aw wjaisime cee = a sites ole apmaieren eens spadix.

Elytra oblong, sides straight, humeri distinct.
Thorax densely punctured, elytral striz deep, coarsely, serrately punctured,
FHT ia g dees ccs BOCA GEEESEE nao ho pe bob oine torsade ro ooU pc apionides.
Thorax sparsely punctured, elytral striz broad, not deep, punctures coarse, not

SORE, 2 ToT ee eI or cic Cecie ic WRI ark Cases minor,

The two species described by Dr. Geo. H. Horn appear to be un-
common, and all the specimens I have found I cut out of dead Ash.

Early Stages of Erebus odora, Z-
By Hi, “iv Prendrp; BES:

The egg and larve of Erebus odora have never been described in
any scientific paper that has come under my observatlon, and it was with
great pleasure that I recently received from her Excellency, Mrs. H. A.
Blake, formerly of Nassau, N. P., a record of observations on these
stages of this beautiful moth, which she has kindly given me permission
to publish.

Toward the end of June, 1877, an adult moth of this species was
captured and placed under a bell glass, when on June 27th, it deposited
forty or fifty eggs. These were not attached to either the sides or bottom
of the glass and seemed to possess no glutinous matter. They were
spherical in form, flattened slightly at the poles, and under the micro-
scope showed a series of ridges passing from pole to pole.

The eggs hatched during the forenoon of July 2nd, producing larvee
about a quarter of an inch in length and about the size of a bristle. They
became very active when disturbed and if one fell it spun a thread to the
end of which it remained attached. Each had but six pairs of feet. In
color they were dirty white with six longitudinal reddish stripes, broken
at intervals. Long hairs stood up here and there along the body.

Various food plants were tried, viz: Lettuce (Lacfuca sp. 7), Sea
Grape (Cocoloba uvifera}, Poison Wood (Rhus sp. ?), Palmetto (Sada/
sp. ?), Wild Almond (Amygdalus sp. P); Silk Cotton (Bombax ceiba),
Tamerind (Zamerindus indica), and Sapodilla (Sapofa Achras, J).
but all were untouched. One or two, however, appeared to eat Whist-
ling Bean leaves.

On July 5th, but one larva remained but it had apparently grown
somewhat. Unfortunately, during its examination it was lost, a puff of
wind carrying off the leaf on which it was resting.

In my note in vol. III, No. 4, of this magazine I alluded to a state-
ment by the natives that the larva of Hredus feeds on the Wild Fig.
Recently, the larva referred to has been proved to be that of a Sphinx,
thus showing how little reliance can be placed on the observations of un-
trained persons.

det eh ees

Dr. Horw visits Europe again this season. The Doctor needs this
recreation and we know he will bring back with him fresh energy that
will enable him to continue his valuable work. His address will be:
Care of Dr. D. Sharp, Shirley Warren, Southampton, England. The
Doctor will leave May gth, and will be gone all Summer.

-_”

North American PYRALIDA.

By Pror. C. H. FErnatp,
Amherst, Mass.

Botis plumbosignalis, n. sp.

Expanse of wing, 21 mm. Head and palpi yellowish white above, pure white
beneath. Labial palpi fawn colored on the outside. Thorax and fore wings sulphur
yellow, the former with a rust-colored stripe on the sides from the eyes to the wings
and extending a short distance on the costa. The orbicular spot on the middle of
the cell is small and round, of a dark rust red color and overlaid with lead colored
scales. The reniform spot on the end of the cell is similarly colored and extends
across more than the width of the cell. A stripe of the same width and color as the
reniform but forming an obtuse angle with it, extends across to the hinder margin of
the wing, and another extends from where this joins the reniform obliquely up to
near the apex, the whole forming a Y-shaped mark. These stripes are somewhat
diffuse on the outside, and the outer transverse line is distinct only between the upper
parts of the Y. The inner transverse line extends obliquely out and down from the
costa to the median vein, where it forms an angle, and then extends to the hinder
margin, forming another angle on vein one. Another similar line runs parallel but
outside of it, from the median vein to the hinder margin, forming a lunule between
the veins and these two lines together give the appearance of the figure 8 beneath the
orbicular spot. The fore wings are rather narrow and slightly falcate. The hind wings
are white, slightly tinged with sulphur yellow on the outer margin, and there is a
minute brown spot on the anal angle with traces of one or two more on the surface
of the wing, an indication of a transverse line. The underside of the wings is whitish
with the markings of the upperside reproduced in brown.

Described from three examples from Colorado.

Lipocosma fuliginosalis, n. sp.

Expanse of wings, from 13 to 15 mm, Head, thorax and fore wings, snow
white ; the latter overlaid, except on the base, at the apex and narrowly along the
costa, with dark brown or soot color. The outer crosslime which is darker than the
wing starts from the outer fourth ot the costa, makes an outward angle at first, then
curves outwardly beyond the end of the cell, then makes another outward curve and
ends at the outer fourth of the hinder margin. There is a faint trace of another line
crossing the middle of the wing. The outer margin has a row of black dots. The
fringe is sordid and cut with whitish. The hind wings are whitish on the costal half,
and discolored more or less on the rest of the surface with soot-color which forms a
line across this part of the wing beyond the middle. On the inside of this line above
the anal angle there is a white spot and a tuft of black scales on the innerside of the
spot. The basal joint of the abdomen is white and the rest sooty-brown. The
markings of the upperside are repeated and there is a plain discal spot on each of
the wings.

Described from four examples, from Maine, Ontario and Illinois.
Hydrocampa proprialis, n. sp.
Expanse of wings, Io toIg mm. Head, thorax and fore wings, dark brown.

The reniform spot at the end of the ce!l of the fore wing is white, and there isa more
or less prominent white spot on the costa above it. The inner transverse line is

arcuate and white. The outer line starts from a small white spot on the costa a little
beyond the spot above the reniform, and extends inward so as to interfere more or
less with the reniform spot causing it to be toothed on the outer side in some examples,
then it extends inwardly on vein two, somewhat within the reniform when it turns
and extends to the outer third of the hinder border. A white line toothed on the in-
side, crosses the wing close to the outer border. There is generally a shade of dull
ochre yellow, in the subterminal space, on the outside of the basal line, and a spot
on the inside of the discal spot. The hind wings are a shade lighter than the fore
wings, and there is an indication of the two outer white lines, between which near
the middle of the outer margin there is generally a dull yellow spot. The abdomen
is concolorous with the hind wings and ringed with lighter brown on the posterior
edge of each segment. The underside of the body and wings is much lighter than
above, and there is a terminal row of whitish lunate or wedge-shaped spots between
the veins. The hind wings also have an angulated white line outside of a discal spot,
which is sometimes extended into a shade, and within which there is another white
line. Some examples scarcely show these white markings.

Described from fourteen examples from Florida and Texas,
—_———o+»—___

Book Notice.

‘*Diagnoses of N. A. Phycitidz and Galieridz, by F. L. Ragonot. Publshed
by the author.” Paris, Dec. 1887.

The above is a pamphlet of 25 pages, in which the author gives very
brief descriptions of 26 genera and 96 species of American Lepidoptera.
Of the species 94 belong to the Phycitide and 2 to the Galleride ; 79 be-
long to the U. S. or Canada, 2 to Mexico, 2 to the West Indies, and 23
are without indication of locality.

Besides those under the genera newly described, various of the
species fall under previously described genera, so that the 96 species re-
present 53 genera.

The pamphlet is issued, according to the statement of the author,
only to obtain priority. Whether a private publication, privately distrib-
uted, with what pretends to be a diagnosis only, not a description of
species, will be accepted as giving priority in any case of disagreement,
is doubtful. But, that there may be just as little cause as possible for
any such doubt we call the attention of the public to Mr. Ragonot’s
work, Weare glad to say that the diagnoses, though very brief, are
generally explicit, and with the fact that there is generic difference between
the most of the species, there need be no great difficulty in determining
most of the species described.

Mr. Ragonot promises an early completion of his ‘‘ Monograph of
the Phycitide and Galleride of the World,” in which he proposes.to give

in colors many of the new and rarer species. We most earnestly hope,

his promise will be shortly fulfilled ; for, from what work Mr. Ragonot

|

has done, we can be assured his Monograph will be above the average of
such works in value. It will not be simple a collection of pictures, as so
many are. Just here, we express a hope. It is, that Mr. Ragonot, as well as
all other Europeans describing American Insects, will have the generosity
and courtesy to place a set of types in some Museum in this country.
We have the profoundest regard for Zeller, Lederer, and Guenée, but so
far as our country is concerned, we are strongly af the opinion that they
have greatly hindered the study and development of American Entomo-
logy. In case of all these, not to mention Walker, a large percentage of
their species is, after from 25 to 40 years, entirely undetermined. Ameri-
cans, who were not driven to other fields, have had to go on with their
own work, simply ignoring the species described by all these.

We are glad to learn that Lord Walsingham has set a worthy example
in this respect, as most if not all of his species are represented by types in
America.

We hope this example will be followed by all European Entomo-
logists hereafter.

Surely, if our brethren across the water feel the need of retaining
their collections for their own study, there is no possible reason why all
types of American species should not be left by will, to some American
Institution instead of being buried in some European Museum, and thus
made utterly useless.

In all cases where species are not so placed that those interested in
them can obtain comparatively easy access to them, there is only one
thing for Americans to do, viz: to entirely ignore them. To Mr. Grote
Americans owe a vast debt of gratitude for following this course. Many
of his species will likely fall before the as yet unknown ones of Zeller,
Lederer, Guenée, and Walker, but those who realize what he did for
American Entomology will never cease to give him the gratitude he has
merited for daring to do and starting America forward in doing her own
work.

It might be an excellent object lesson, for some enterprising American
to purchase all types of European Lepidoptera yet possible, and deposit
them in the Cambridge, Philadelphia or Washington Museums, that it
may be seen by others how pleasant it is to deal with material from 3000
to 5000 miles away!

At all events we hope hereafter every American will furnish material
to the workers across the sea, only on condition that a complete set of
types be deposited with some Museum or specialist in America. This
may be selfish, and may be called unscientific, but it is the right of the
majority which we believe in, and is, we believe, for the best interests of
Science. Gro. D. Huzst.

—40—

Society News.

Ento. Soc. Washington, March 1, 1888. Thirteen members present. Prof.
Riley presented a paper entitled ‘* A Contribution to the Literature of Fatal Spider
Bites’ giving details of a case in which death resulted from the bite of a spider,
presumably Latrodectes mactans. Also details of another case in which the patient
recovered from a bite of the same spider. Prof. Riley reviewed the literature of the
subject at some length, and concludes that personal idiosyncracy is a large factor in
these cases and that the poisonous secretion of spiders affected different individuals in
a very different manner, and hence the discrepancy in resu'ts. Mr. Lugger related
an experience of his own with Phydippus tripunctatus, L., which bit one of his chil-
dren. The result was convulsions, high fever, headache, swollen eyes and great pain
in the pit of the bitten arm. In about three days all inflammation and untoward
symptoms had disappeared. Dr. Marx states that the secretion in which Latrodectes
mactans envelops its victims when taken internally had the effect of increasing the
pulse from 72 to 120. He commented on the case but rather skeptically : he cannot
see how Latrodectes with its minute, soft mandibles can possibly pierce the skin or
contain poison enough to produce the violent affects recorded. The subject was dis-
cussed at considerable length by Messrs. Lugger, Dodge, Marx, Fox, Schwarz, John-
son and Smith.

Mr. Dodge exhibited some of Glover’s early plates and commented on his work
in this direction. This induced a discussion on the relative value of the various pro-
cesses for illustrating Insects, in which Messrs. Marx, Schwarz and Smith took part.

Mr. Howard called attention to an undetermined external parasite on a spider,
found by Dr. Fox in February.

A paper was read by Prof. P. R. Uhler, ‘*Observations upon the Heteroptera
collected in Southern Florida by Mr. E, A. Schwarz,’’ in which he discusses the de-
rivation of this fauna and describes a new species of Achanthochila, a genus heretofore
unknown in our fauna. Mr, Smith made some remarks on the Lepidopterous family
Hleterogynide, historical and critical. He does not believe the family occurs in our
fauna, and that 77a, Edwards, cannot be referred here.

April 6, 1888.—Twelve members present. Dr. Horn made some remarks on
Pleocoma, exhibited a preparation of the abdomen, showing the position of the stig-
mata, and that Leconte is right and Gerstaecker is wrong in the position assigned in
the Lamellicorn series.* Dr. Horn also exhibited the larva of Platypsylla castoris,
mounted in balsam, and states that it fully proves that the Insect is Coleopterous.
Prof. Riley states that he has had the larva for more than a year but has been pre-
vented from working it up. However, he fully agrees with Dr. Horn concerning the
Coleopterous nature of the larva. Mr. Schwarz read a paper on the semi-tropical
Insect fauna of Southern Florida. This region mostly coral formation, and compara-
tively recent seems to have received its vegetation and its Insect fauna from the West
Indies. He carefully marks the observed limits of the fauna and credits the Gulf
stream with bringing a very large proportion of it. This paper was discussed at some
length by Dr. Horn and Prof. Riley who agreed in the main with Mr. Schwarz. Dr.
Horn doubts the propriety of receiving this fauna into our lists in its entirety. He
also illustrated the distribution of Insects along the Pacific coast, and the natural
boundaries between Mexico and the U. S. which rather sharply separates the Coleop-
terous fauna. Prof. Riley thinks the wind should be credited as an agent in distri-
bution, and mentions the receipt of Hornia minutipennis from Thesus Co., California,
as a remarkable fact in distribution. J. B. Smiry, Ree. Sec’y.

* ‘See Ento! Am-, vols Tl, p. 233:

VOL. IV. BROOKLYN, JUNE, 1888. NO. 3.

A Revised Generic Table of the EURYTOMIN~,
with Descriptions of New Species.

By Wiciram H. ASHMEAD.

(PaRT I.)

_ Prof. Westwood’s group Luryfomides, in the family Chalcidide, has
always been an attractive one to students in the order Hymenoptera, on
account of the dissimilarity in the habits of some of the species represent-
ing the group ; for, while the major portion of them are true parasites,
it is now a thoroughly established fact that a small portion of them are
unquestionably Phy/ophagous, or pseudo gall-makers ; and, if we exclude
the Blastophage, or Fig-caprifiers from the family Chalcidide, they are
then the only ones in the whole family out of thousands of species that
have this habit.

Up to the present day, the species composing the group, have been
placed in but seven genera, viz:—Lury/oma, Illiger, 1807 ; Decatoma,
Spinola, 1811; Zsosoma, Walker, 1832; Sysfole, Walker, 1832; Phy-
lachyra, Haliday, 1871 ; Azolomorphus, Walker, 1871; and Lephrata,
Cameron, 1884.

But recently, in working up my material in the group, the acumula-
tion of several years, I have found it necessary to erect many additional
genera and below I give a'carefully prepared analytic table of all the known
genera, with the essential characters of the new ones recognized, which
will be followed by another paper with descriptions of the new species.

The table is as follows:

—42—

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF THE GENERA.

Females.

Wingless ,<; Nac? paren epee pe: week, Lane ens iy hath aise e dik Soles oe ae ae 5
Winged.
Marginalovermlinear oe). 46 4)... 0er ce. oc eee oat onl Sata Ass che one eet
Marginal vein thick, quadrate.

Wings with a dusky submarginal blotch ...... .....G. (1) Decatoma, Spinola.

Wings without a dusky submarginal blotch.......... G. (2) Eudecatoma, n. x.
2 Metathorax much Jengthenied ,..:..... 2a; ccikel.< «oc oh Were oe eens ie eee ee 4

Metathorax not lengthened.

Mesothorax umbilicate punctate =. te ee yelgerae oats Sines cee eee 3

Mesothorax not umbilicate punctate.
*Marginal vein not longer than the stigmal, abdomen sub-globose ..°..... .....
G. (3) Systole, Walker.
**Marginal vein one and a half times as long as stigmal, abdomen conic-ovate.
G. (5) Xanthosoma, pn. g.
***Marginal vein three times as long as the stigmal ; abdomen sub-compressed ...
G. (6) Rileya, Ashmead.
3. Postmarginal vein distinctly longer than stigmal.
*Marginal vein always distinctly longer than the stigmal. .
Scape equal in length to the first funicle joint... .. G. (7) Bephrata, Cameron.
Scape much longer than the first funicle joint.
a Posterior tibize with two spurs.
Parapsidal furrows obliterated posteriorly. .... G. (8) Decatomidea, n. g.
Parapsidal furrows complete, distinct.
6 Pedicel much shorter than first funicle joint...G. (9) Eurytoma, Illiger.
66 Pedicel longer or at least as long as the first funicle joint..............
G. (10) Eurytomocharis, n. g.

aa Posterior tibize with one spur ............. G. (11) Phylloxeroxenus, n. vg.
**Marginal vein not longer than the stigmal.

Abdomen ovate, pointed, compressed ......... G. (12) Bruchophagus, n. g.

Abdomen sub-globose, fourth segment longest, enclosing the following .......

: Je - G. (4) Systolodes, n. g.
Postmarginal vein twice as long as the stigmal.

Abdomen much lengthened, conic-ovate, cylindric, fourth segment as long as all
thekathersttogethensas-s seeker eee ..G. (13) Evoxysoma, np. g.
4. Marginal vein longer than the stigmal.
Mesothorax more or less umbilicate punctate.
Postmarginal vein about same length as stigmal, or slightly longer.
Pedicel not longer than the first funicle joint.

Metathorax sloping, rounded behind.......... G. (14) Isosoma, Walker.
Metathorax quadrate, abruptly truncate behind..... ..................
G. (15) Isosomorpha, n. g.
Pedicel longer than the first funicle joint ; mesothorax smooth, polished......
G. (16) Isosomocharis, n. g.
Marginal vein not as long as the stigmal.

Postmarginal much lengthened.................+00: G. (17) Isosomodes, n. g.
heViesothorax ‘smooth, spolished ... 25 475 sean G, (18) Philachyra, Haliday.
Males
Marainal vein linear iy)... 24 22+. ss eee nla ec eter ee 2

Marginal vein thick, quadrate.

Antenne simple, not verticillate pilose.

Wings with a smoky submarginal blotch.......... G. (1) Decatoma,! Spinola.
Wings without a smoky submarginal blotch.. .....G. (2) Eudecatoma, n. g.
Peetatmorax muGhlencthemedess. We... 0 eee es A AOI RRO EAE cio 4
Metathorax not lengthened.
IMS i rarer eomeue dl Gelber TIM Gta Le ernie elfelaye c Crctsceyefe) Shalajare ate ducetara, ae sie ters 3

Mesothorax not umbilicate punctate.

*Marginal vein not longer than the stigmal ; abdomen sub-globose ; funicle joints
with long hairs, but not pedunculated ............ G. (3) Systole, Walker.

**Marginal vein one and a half times as long as the stigmal... . .............
G. (5) Xanthosoma, n. g.

***Marginal vein three times as long as the stizmal; abdomen long- oyal, petiole
short ; funicle joints simple, without long hairs ... G. (6) Rileya, Ashmead.
3. Postmarginal vein distinctly longer than the stigmal.
Marginal vein longer than the stizmal.
Scape equal in length to the first funicle joint. .... G. (7) Bephrata, Cameron.
Scape much longer than the first funicle join?.
Funicle joints simple, not pedunculate verticellate-pilose.

Parapsidal furrows obliterated posteriorly ; abdomen ovate, petiole short,
Ui Cher aeetcemren AU cer eras cies ses Bias o G. (8) Decatomidea, n. g.

Funicle joints pedunculate and verticillate-pilose.
Posterior.tibice with two spurs; parapsidal grooves, complete, distinct,

Abdomen trigonate, sub-compressed. ....... G. (9) Eurytoma, Illiger.

Abdomen ovate, sub-compressed ...... G, (10) Eurytomocharis, n. g.

Posterior tibiz with one spur............ G, (11) Phylloxeroxenus, n. g.
Postmarginal vein twice as long as the stigmal......... G, (13) Evoxysoma, n. g.

Marginal vein not longer than the stigmal.

Postmarginal vein hardly as lony as the stigmal ; abdomen ovate, petiole shorter
than posterior cox ; funicle joints oval, WuEnglonsy airs) = crs. se eeeet eee

G. (12) Bruchophagus, pn. ¢.

Postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal ; abdomen subglobose, petiole longer
than posterior coxee, funicle joints of antenne oval, pilose .... ..... LEN:

G. (4) ) Systolodes, n. g.

mince er Gr cUOCOnIel Ver VeS MUI Ar rtp). a are citcc sas sin cad iaiy auele Siajeveisieon a gue gale eis biwaee 6
Petiole of abdomen long.
Moarainalevein mOtassonéeas tie StOmMall:¢2 on cecil cote lve s+ cide aie cneie Oo eee 5

Marginal vein longer than the stigmal.
Mesothorax, unless otherwise-stated, more or less umbilicate punctate.
Postmarginal vein distinctly longer than the stigmal ; funicle joints pedunculate
and verticillate-pilose.
Pedicel not longer than the first funicle joint.
Metathorax sloping, rounded behind .......... G. (14) Isosoma, Walker.

Metathorax quadrate, abruptly truncate behind............... . 2.9
G. (15) Isosomorhpa, n. g.

Pedicel longer than the first funicle joint ; mesothorax smooth, polished......
G. (16) Isosomocharis, n. g.

Postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal ; antennze slender, filiform, pubescent;
abdomen clavate, “slightly compressed, a little Jonger than the thorax ex-

eaverciume PEO’... .. 0.6... teas G, (19) Aiolomorphus, Walker.
5. Funicle joints not pedunculated, long, cylindric, about five times as long as wide,
pilose ; mesothorax umbilicate punctate........... G. (17) Isosomodes, n. g.

6. Postmarginal vein shorter than the stigmal, one-third the length of the marginal ;

antennz verticillate-pilose ; head and pr othorax shining and somewhat smooth.
G, (18) bi Ae ed Haliday. :

oo

Notes on the CRAMBIDZ-.

By Pror. C. H. FERNALD.
Amherst, Mass.

I have recently been making a critical study of the described species
of North American Craméide preparatory to describing the unnamed
species in my collection, and take this occasion to put some of the re-
sults on record.

In 1813, Germar began the publication of his *‘ Magazin der Ento-
mologie” which closed at the end of the fourth volume. In the second
volume, published in 1817, Dr. Zincken began his Monograph of the
genus Chilo, which included not only the species now placed under that
genus, but also those under Craméus, Prionopteryx, Ancylolomia and
Schenobtus.

Germar’s genus Chilo has been broken up by later writers, but the
first species under it—phragmitellus—has been retained and regarded as
the type of Chilo.

In the third volume, page 114 (1818), Zincken described a species
under the name of Chilo Leachellus, but stated that the habitat was un-
known. Zeller, who saw this type, found it to be identical with speci-
mens in his collection from North America, and sent a specimen under
this name to the Cambridge Museum with which I compared mine several
years ago, and which I now find to agree perfectly with the original de-
scription. Zeller believed the species to be the same as Crambus involu-
tellus, Clem., but in this he was mistaken, for I have studied the type of
Clemens’ species very critically and found it quite distinct from that of
Zincken.

In the fourth volume of Germar’s Magazine, published in 1821,
Zincken published a Supplement to his Monograph of the genus Chz/o in
which he described seven North American species, viz :—sordidellus,
satrapellus, prefectellus, decorellus, Plejadellus, tetterellus and incertellus,
all of which I have been able to determine in my collection.

A carefully study of the literature and types gives the following syn-
onomy of some of the species :

Chilo decorellus, Zincken, Germ. Mag., IV, p. 25¢ (1821).

Crambus polyactinellus, Kollar in lit. (Zeller, Chil. et Cramb.), p. 25,

(1863).
Crambus goodellianus, Grote, Can. Ent., XII, p. 17 (1880).
Crambus bonusculahs, Hulst, Tr. Am. Ent. Soec., XII, p. 167
(1886).

This species belongs to the genus Cramdus as restricted by recent

authors, and should be known by the name of Crambus decorellus,

Zinck. By some slip, Prof. Grote, in his New Check-List, has put his
Crambus goodelianus as a synonym of C. Plejadellus, to which it has no
resemblance.

* Chilo Plejadellus, Zincken, Germ. Mag. IV, p. 251 (1821).
Crambus Plejadellus, Zeller, Chil. et Cramb., p. 26 (1863).
Diphryx prolatella, Grote, Bull, U. S. Geo. Sur. VI, p. 273 (1881).
Chilo oryzeellus, Riley, Rept. Dept. Ag. for 1881-2, p. 135 (1882).
This species belongs to the genus Cfz/o and should be known by

the name of Chilo plejadellus, Zinck.

The genus Juphryx was established for an imperfect female of this
species, but since more perfect examples do not differ structurally from
the type of Chilo, the generic name Diphryx cannot be used. Prof. Riley
was led into the€tror of redescribing this species, partly by my inability
at the time to say positively that it was Grote’s species, and partly be-
cause Grote expressed the opinion that it was not his species. Prof.
Riley states concerning this insect: “It is in fact, as we have always felt,
congeneric with the larger sugar-cane and corn-borers treated of in the
last annual report of the Entomologist under the generic name Dratre@a.”
In this, Prof. Riley is mistakén, since J. saccharalis, Fab., has no ocelli,
and the venation of t ings is quite different from C. oryzeellus, Riley,
which has ocelli. ‘hese differences have long been considered of generic
value by every worker*on fe Microlepidoptera.

Zeller in his Monogtaph has made many errors on the synonomy of
our Cramébide, and Grote was appafently led by him into some of the
same errors. The difficulty was in not being able to determine the spe-
cies of Clemens. C. mvolufelliis and pulchellus are not synonyms of
leachellus, but of prefectellus.

> +»____—

Miss Emiry L. Morron, in collecting larvae of Lepidoptera last year,
put a mixed lot in a breeding box. Among others emerging afterwards
in the imago form, was Aleta argillacea, Hb., the cotton worm. As
beyond a penadventure none of the larve were taken from the cotton
plant, it may be considered proved beyond question that the larvz feed,
in the North at least, upon one food plant other than cotton.

*K K
kK

A novel exhibibition has during the last month been given to the
people of New York and vicinity. Mr. Neumoegen, of the Brooklyn
Society, has, as is well known, an unrivalled collection of Native and
Exotic Lepidoptera. This has been on exhibition at the Eden Musee
and has excited a very great deal of interest in the city.

Biograhy of Acontia delecta, Walker.
By ArcHiBALD C. WEEKS.

The larvae (four in number) were taken when nearly full grown,
during the first week of September, 1884, feeding upon the Hibiscus
moscheutos, L., (Rose Mallow), on the meadows bordering the interior
of the Long Island beach.

Upon reaching home they were placed on mallow leaves, the stems
of which were inserted in a glass iuk-well filled with very moist earth.
They fed voraciously and on the second day after capture spun in the
earth at the base of the stems oval cocoons, two-fifths of an inch in length
and firmly coated with clay.

These were exposed to the normal temperature and kept thoroughly
moist, until July 5th, of the following year, when two of the imagines,
and Q, appeared, reproducing the brilliant coloration of the larva—
the black, irregular, metallic L upon the white ground of the primaries,
with angle at the inner margin, contrasting strongly with the pale saffron,
margined with a darker shade, of the secondaries—the maculatron above
being roughly and faintly pictured beneath.

The following is a description of the larva :

Length 11/, inches.

Head and first segment smaller than remainder of body. Head rounded, some-
what flattened on the sides, broader at bottom than at top, strongly cleft at summit,
ground color dirty white, mouth parts black; ground color enclosing a trianzular
black space in front ; bottom, middle and summit of eyes with black spots, sometimes
confluent ; eyes with exceedingly minute sparse hairs.

Body cylindrical, considerably enlarged anteriorly on the 3rd and 4th segments.
Ground color dark, purple. On all segments a subdorsal line of black spots, strongly
edged with orange, especially on the middle segments. On the 3rd and 4th segments,
directly below the 1st subdorsal line, appears a 2nd double line of black spots in
pairs, each pair joined and included by an oval orange patch. On each of the other
segments are two other spots directly behind the first subdorsal. These are edged
with orange, especially in front, and more conspicuously on the middle segments.
The black spots, especially at the middle segments, have a slightly tuberculous ten-
dency, and from each of them a single short minute black hair projects, barely visible
to the naked eye. There is also a row of sublateral patches, white anteriorly, orange
posteriorly, broadest behind and narrowing towards the front, each patch containing
from 3 to 7 irregularly located and varying velvety black dots. The 1st and 2nd
pair of anal legs, are wanting. The larva is consequently geometriform, and has the
geometriform mode of progression. The fore legs are black with whitish orange
towards the base. Anal legs orange on the outside, their color being confluent with
the lateral patch —except in last pair. Anal legs somewhat projecting behind. A
cluster of 5 or 6 minute hairs projects horizontally and directly above and between
the anal claws. The rows of subventral black dots nearly correspond as to position
with the subdorsal but want color ; from each dot hairs similar to subdorsal project.

t

The larva seems to have no fear of parasites, exposing itself freely
in the centre of the upper side of a leaf in hot sunshine and in full view.
It is not readily seen however, and its immunity is partially due perhaps
to its resemblance to the twisted irregularly bent and withered petals of
the mallow fallen after separation from the calyx, such resemblance being
increased by the contorted posture assumed by the larva and the facility
with which it rolls off the leaf when the plant is jarred.

The species would seem to be single brooded—the imago appearing
in the latter part of June or early part of July, and shortly thereafter the
fertile female ovipositing upon the mallow, the larvee attaining full size
and pupating during the latter part of August or first of September.

It appears to be of rather infrequent occurance, inasmuch as many
of our large local collections are without a specimen. Its rarity, aside
from its single brood, is undoubtedly caused by the precarious situation of,
so far is known, its solitary food plant, which exposes the insect in all
stages of its existence to the destructive submergence and action of the
tides.

ea a oO gS in

Prof. FERNALD is appointed Entomologist to the Agr. Experiment
Station of Mass. He will hold this office in addition to his Professorship
at Amherst, and will have assistants to aid in the work of the Experiment
Station. Massachusetts is to be congratulated in having so worthy a
person in this position.

: * x *

Mr. O. Luecer of Baltimore, now one of Prof. Riley’s assistants,
has been called to the University of Minn, to take charge of the State
Museum of Natural History. A better selection could not have been
made, as Mr. Lugger has a wide knowledge in the general field of
Natural History and in Coleoptera is a specialist.

* *
*

Dr. Packarp expects to publish in June a work entitled “ Entomo-
gy for beginners.” It will be illustrated, a work of from 300 to 400
pages, 12™° size. It will contain full directions for collecting and pre-
serving insects, for dissecting them and making microscopical prepara-
tions. Also lists of works on the general subject and special lists for
each order.

It promises to be a work of very great usefulness as it must be of ,
necessity of very great merit.

* 3 *

Mr. C. R. Grtzette of Lansing, Mich., has been appointed Ento-

mologist to the Iowa Agr. Experiment Station.

Ey

A Note on Chanopterus, Sof.
By Grorce H. Horn, M. D.

This genus was founded by Boheman (Eugenies Resa Ins. p. 98)
on the heteromerous coleopter collected at the Straits of Magellan. It is
about .3 inch long, brown or piceo-testaceous in color, shining. My
attention was called to it, more especially, by its resemblance in form to
Agialites, although larger and differently colored. Through the kind-
ness of Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse a specimen was given me from the
collection of his father, in which it bore the name Chz/oniscus brevipennis,
probably unpublished. ‘

In studying the species more closely, it was found that Chanopferus
had comparatively little in common with “gialites. The anterior coxal
cavities are widely open behind, removing it from any relationship with
the Zenebriomd@e. The head being rather broad behind the eyes and the
thorax without distinct lateral margin the affinities are decidedly in the
direction of the A/elandryide and Pythide, to the latter more especially.

At this time it is not necessary to discuss the propriety of retaining
the two cited families as distinct but I have already expressed the opinion
that there is not that fundamental difference in structure which should
separate families.

Chanopterus paradoxus was placed by Boheman in the Tenebrionide
tribe Helopinz. As the insect was unknown in nature to Lacordaire he
merely mentions it in the supplement to the fifth volume and the Munich
Catalogue adds no further opinion.

From the study at present given, it seems an undoubted Pythide, as
the family now stands, and while not closely related to either of the tribes
proposed by Lacordaire it seems most nearly allied to Lalpingus although
forming a tribe apart.

—_—~- <> + <p

Mr. J. B. Smirn’s Monograph of the Sphingide is in press and will
be ready for publication at no remote date. It will be published by the
Am. Ent. Soc. It will be the most exhaustive and valuable work on the

subject.
* *
*
CrLareNcE M. WEED has, we are informed, been appointed Ento-

mologist for the State of Ohio with headquarters at Columbus, Ohio.

* *
*

Mr. Hy. Epwarps is hard at work on a bibliography of the adolescent
stages of Lepidoptera, and as we are informed expects to complete the
same some time during the Summer.

Notes on Geometridz. No. 4.
By Gro, D. Hutsr.
Antepione imitata, Hy. Edw., Papilio, vol. II, p. 48.

Dr. Packard has raised in Maine, on Alder, a specimen of this in-
sect, and with the intergradations taken in various parts of the country,
it must be regarded as variety of A. su/phurata, Pack.

Aplodes coniferaria, Pack., Am. Nat., vol. XVIII, p. 933.

By the kindness of Dr. Packard I have the type of this species. It

is a small form of A. mimosaria, Guen. .
Eugonia magnaria, Guen., Phal., I, 147.

Since publishing the note (Ento. Am., II, 49), stating that the
American differs from the European species in venation, I have seen an
article by Mr. P. C. S. Snellen of Rotterdam, Holland. calling attention
to the fact that the American also differs from the European species, in
that it has but one pair of spurs on the hind tibiz, while the European
has two pair of spurs. Mr. Moeschler, speaking of this fact, does not
seem to think it gives a valid basis for specific distinction, inasmuch as
some of the Aczdalie vary thus in the same species. But I am inclined
to think Mr. Moeschler’s opinion is hardly to be allowed. I do not
know, nor have I been able by correspondence to ascertain, that any
Geometer, in the same sex, has from a single batch of eggs been bred,
some specimens having a different number of spurs on the hind tibiz
from others. As far as I can learn, the determination of specific identity
is made on the basis of the identity of the two forms in size, coloration,
food plant and perhaps larval history. But, though in every other respect
two insects were alike, and differed only in the number of spurs, I would
not hesitate to consider them distinct species. The spur is an important
structural character, and its presence or absence is marked by a very im-
portant modification of the tibia in all cases where I have made examina-
tion. If further observation verifies what has been stated concerning
£. autumnaria and £’, magnaria, these species will have to be considered
generically as well as specifically distinct.

Acidalia hepaticaria, Guen., (rudromarginata, Pack.), Phal. I, 47.

Of this species Cidaria erythrata, Hulst, Brookl. Bull., III, 42, is a
variety. The variety is the deep uniform reddish form in which the lines
are very indistinct or not at all evident. It seems to be the prevailing,
perhaps the only form in Colorado.

Lepiodes (7Zornos) interruptaria, Grt., Can. Ent., XIV, 185.

I was quite a little suprised some time since on receiving some Geo-
metride from Dr. Packard, to find that one labelled Lupithecia Behren-
sata, Packard, was the same as the above insect. Dr. Packard’s name

‘ =o

has priority over Mr. Grote’s, so the species, till some further light is
shed on genera, may stand Lepiodes Behrensata, Pack.

Exelis pyrolaria, Guen., Phal., I, 324.

This insect has remained unidentified in American collections since
the time it was described. After a study of the description of genus and
species, I am convinced the insect is none other than Lefiodes (Zornos)
approximaria, Pack. The species till the hoped for light on genera comes
may be known as L:vel’s pyrolarta, Guen., and may be catalogued next
to Lepiodes.

Mecoceras peninsularia, Grt., Pap., III, 79.

I am unable to see how this can be separated from the common

tropical insect Wecoceras Nitocritaria, Cram.
Cleora pulchraria, Minot. (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIII, |
170, 1869.)

Dr. Packard, in the 5th Report, Peab. Acad. Sci., p. 84, tells us |

after an examination of Walker's tvpes in the British Museum that this

insect is the same as Lndropia semiclusaria, Walker, (C. B. M. Geom.,
p. 1506, 1862), and Asfilates canosaria, Walker, (C. B. M. Geom.,
p. 1675, 1862). Dr. Packard does not correct the synonomy in his
Monograph but the name must be Cleora semiclusaria, Walker.

Boarmia.

The species of this genus are very difficult to determine. The typical
forms are quite distinct, but the species are generally variable. I have
carefully examined Mr, Grote’s species, so far as I have the types, viz :—
pulmonar ia, dataria, griseayia, separatarja, obliquaria, and rufaria. Se-
pa -ataria is possibly ny iene of pulmonari ta; grisegria is very Close to,
yet distinct from, crepusc ularia ; obliquari za is very close indeed to guzn-
guelinearta, Pack. ; rufaria is aly a color variety in my opinion of
obliquaria ; datarja is scarcely distinct specifically from pampinaria. I
think? notwithstanding the closeness of some of the species, it is wise to
let them stand as they are, till we have more light, as it is as yet impos-

Sau to tell how permanent slight differences may be.

Eubyia quernaria, Ab. & Sm., Lep. Ga., II, 205, pl. 103.

Of this species Z.. penulataria, Grt., is at best a variety. And Syzop-
sia phigaharia, Guen., although regarded by Guenée as belonging to a
different genus, is undoubtedly entitled to no more than varietal stand-
ing. Mr. Bolter has a specimen, which is the counterpart of Guenée’s
figure, but it is only a form of £. guernaria.

What relation Z. cupidaria, Grt., has to this species I am unable to
say, but I am very decidedly of the opinion that it will prove to be the
. In the specimens before me, 5 oo’, 3 QQ, there is very much

variation in color, but in all the males:the black median cross line of the
hind wings is very much straighter than in the females. In one male it
is exactly as in the figure of cupzdarva,—that is, somewhat rounded in-
wardly. The females are in their lines quite uniformly after one pattern,
the males quite uniformly after the other. 2. meaxztcanaria, Grt., Trans.
Kans. Acad. Sci., VIII, 51, I have very little doubt is a form of this
same species. Indeed, Mr. Grote seemed in his description to be more
than half convinced of this, and as well of the opinion expressed above
that his cupidarza was the male of guernaria.
Phigalia olivacearia, Morr., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., XVI, 200.

With several specimens before me having labels in Mr. Morrison's
handwriting, I am quite strongly of the opinion that this species is not a
synonym of s/rigafaria, Minot. The two are very easily separated and
the differences seem to be constant. Odvacearia is more even and silky
in vestiture and has an olivaceous shading. The hind wings are much
lighter and show but one indistinct line, straighter than the corresponding
line in sér¢ga/aria, and are Jess angulated at the anterior angle, and as
compared with the inner margin of the fore wings the hind wings are
shorter. The lines of the fore wings are less distinct, the median line is
at costa nearer the basal than the outer in ofvacearia, but is nearer the
outer in s/rigataria. In olvacearia the median line at costa turns out and
forms an angle just below costa ; in séfr7gaéarza it is curved — In olivace-
aria the outer line at costa is curved with a black tooth at Jower point ;
in s/#igafaria it is nearly straight and at length angulated. In ofvacearia
the outer line near inner margin is generally confluent with the median
line and is loosely straight, in s/riga/arza it is rarely confluent, and just
before the inner margin forms an even arc, concave outwardly. In olivac-
earva the female is much smaller, and the wings are not more than half as
long being not quite as long as thorax, while in s¢r¢ga/aria they reach to
the second abdominal segment. /P. cimcfaria, French, is probably a
synonym of P. sér7igatarva, Minot. It was described from one Q, and
the description applies entirely to females of sér7ga/arta, which in colcr
have quite a little variation.

Anisopteryx vernata, Peck, Mass. Mag., Oct. 1795, 323. 415.

Dr. Packard argues at some length that Harris made a mistake in
describing A. pomefaria, stating that he redescribed the insect originally
described by Peck. Dr. Packard gives the name au/umnata to the species
that he thought undescribed. Mr. Mann, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
XV, 382, and Can. Ent., VIII, 164, shows that Harris did not redescribe
Peck’s vernafa. It seems to me the two species stand Azsoptervx vernat/a,
Peck, and A. pomefaria, Harris, with A. autumnata, Pack., as a synonym
of the latter.

Book Notices.

Revision of the Species of Lachnosterna of America North of Mexico, by
GeEorGE H. Horn, M. D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1887, vol. 14, pp. 209 —296,
1 plate.

This paper by Dr. Horn is a very timely one. The species of Lach-
nosterna had become hopelessly mixed in collections, and it was unsafe
to rely upon determinations anywhere. The local abundance of some
species—their variability in color and size, and the similarity of the species
proved a fertile source of confusion. A few species are well marked, and
recognizable under all circumstances—leaving these all guides were lost.
Dr. Horn’s paper makes it possible to move more safely. Still withal
the group is not an easy one, and requires tact as well as fair series to
make identification certain. As in so many cases, the male characters
afford good bases for specific distinction while the females often closely
resemble each other. Dr. Horn as usual gives very good synoptic tables
and in all cases sufficiently minute descriptions. In Zachnosterna as
here used, Dr. Horn includes 7Zriches/es Erichs., Ancylonycha Blanch.,
Tostegoplera Blanch., Eugastra Lec., Endrosa Lec., and Gynnis Lec.
The number of species is increased to 81, and for the benefit of those
who may not have access to Dr. Horn’s paper, and as a guide to an ar-
rangement of the species, we give a copy of the list of species.

LACHNOSTERNA, ope.
GROUP I.

1. lanceolata Say. Kansas to Texas,

GROUP II.
2. cribrosa Lec. Texas.

ventricosa Lec.
-3. eequalis Zec. Texas.
4. farcta Lec. Texass

GROUP III.
5. torta Zec, WWrexas:
6. hamata Horn. ‘Texas.

GROUP IV.
7. latifrons Zec. Fla.
8. generosa Horn. ‘Texas.
g. pratermissa Horn. La.
10. prununculina Burm. Ga., Fla.

cerasina Lec.
11. glaberrima Blanch. Pa. to Fla.
12. ephilida Say. Can. to Fla., Tex.
uniformis Blanch.
burmeisterit Lec.

re

14.

PS:

16.

a

24.

25.
26.
a7.
28,

29.

30.

30.

pes

GROUP V.
longitarsus Say. Ills. to Kans., Mont., N. Mex.
Srontalis Lec. ‘
clemens Horn. Fla., Tex.
dispar { Lec.
‘ GROUP VI.
dispar Burm. Fla.
debilis Lec.
GROUP VII.
gracilis Burm. Can. to Tex., N.C.
voluuda Lec.
mana Lec.

. gibbosa Burm. Can. to Va., N. E. States to Kans.

futilis 3 Lec.

serricorms Q Lec.
hirtiventris Horn. Texas.
congrua Zec. Mo., Kans., Tex., La.
postrema /forn. Fla,

wits 2ec)--Kans,, Col, Ind. T., Tex.
. prunina Zec. Ohio and Mich. to Kans., Tex., Ala.

pruinosa || Mels.
fraterna { Burm.
GROUP VIII.
calceata Lec. Tex.
GROUP IX.
crassissima Blanch, Kans. to Tex.
obesa Lec.
robusta Q Lec.
subpruinosa Casey. Fla.
errans Lec. Or., Cal., Nev.
inversa Horn. Ky., Ills, Kans., Neb., Tex.
bipartita Horn, Kans., La., Tex.
micans Anoch. Mass. to Mo. and to Ga. and La.
sorroria Q Lec.
diffinis Blanch. Fla., Ky.
vehemens Horn. Kans.

fusca Fra@hl. Huds. Bay to N. Ga., thence north-westerly

N. Cal.
guercina Knoch,
Servens Gyll. :
Servida t Oliv.

var, consimilis G\ Lec.

var. anxia O Lee.
brevicollis Blanch.
var. puncticollis Blanch.
var, drakii Avrby.
race cephalica Lec.
uninotata Walker.
33. politula Horm. (loc. ?)
34. barda Horn. N. Car.
35. marginalis Zec. N. Y. to Wisc. and IIIs.
36. spreta, Horn. Mad., Ia. .
37. fraterna Harr. Me. to Ia. and N. Car.
var. cognata Burm. |
var. forstéri Burm. ;
lugubris Lec.
lutescens Lec.
var. semicribrata Lec. |
38. infidelis Horm. Ga., Fla. |
39. luctuosa Horn. So. Car. to Fla. and La.

40. corrosa Zec. Ills. and Tex.
41. scitula Horm. Tex. |
42. knochii Gy/7. Mass. to Ga. .
43. profunda Blanch. Tex. |
44. rugosa JZe/s. Mass. to Col., to N. Car. and Texas.

GROUP X.
45. hirsuta Knoch. Mich. to N. Car.

46. comans Burm. Ga., So. Car., Fla.
sorroria % Lec.
decidua Lec.
rufiola 2 Lee.
47. implicita Zorn. Can. to Mo., Nebr., La.
48. balia Say. M. States to IIls.
comata Burm.
49.¢villifrons Zec. Can., Pa., IIls., Ia.
hirhiceps Q Lec.
50. limula Horn. H. B. Terr., Mont., Col., Utah, Ills.
SI, mitida wer “Gay iPa:
; GROUP XI.
52. hirticula Anoch. Atl. region to Nebr. and Texas.
hirsuta } Say.
53. deleta Horn, Ky.
54. ilicis Knoch. N. Y., to Ga. and Ills.
porcina Hentz.

jfimbriafa Burm.
subtonsa Lec.
var. ilicis Burm.

. ciliata Zec. Wisc., Ills, Mo., Ga.

GROUP XII,

. emula Horn. Ga.
. arcta Horn. Texas.
_ crenulata #r@hl. Mass. to So. Car., to Kans. and Ind. Terr.

georgicana Gyll.

. albina Burm. Ind., Miss.

. vetula Horm. Ariz., N. Mex.

. tubiginosa Zec. Kans., Tex. .
. parvidens Zec. Ga., Fla., (Texas ?).

GROUP XIII.

. submucida Zec. Texas.

. glabricula Zec. Kans., Texas.
. fucata Horn. Ariz

. exorata Horn. Texas.

GROUP XIV.

. ignava Horn. Tex, N. Mex.
. longicornis Blanch, An sp. Am. ?

GROUP XV.

. quercus Anoch. Middle States to Ga.

Servida $ Schonh.

. inepta Horn. Ohio.
. affabilis Horn. Kansas.
. clypeata Horn. Ga., Fila.

integra \| Lec.

. boops Horn. Ga.
. ecostata Horn. Texas.

GROUP XVI.

. crinita Burm. Texas.

glabripennis Lec.

. tristis Kabr. U. S. generally.

pilosicollis Knoch.
crinita { Lec.

. lenis Horn. Ariz., So. Cal.

GROUP XVII.

. heterodoxa Horn. So. Ariz.

GROUP XVIII.

. tusa Horn. Tex.
. maculicollis Zec. Lower Cal.
. nitidula Zec. Lower Cal.

Se REY

Finally, not as a fault, but as an unavoidable omission we call attention
to the fact that dates of appearance are not given.

It is to be regretted that collectors generally do not date their cap-
tures, and of course a monographer of species so widely distributed can
not know when his material was collected. But just in this genus the
matter is of interest. As a rule the species are not uncommon, and
sometimes very abundant. Observations made by several entomologists
indicate that the species relieve each other—i. e. appear successively,
though a few will have a long life and overlap. I have noted that crenu-
/ata appears later than fusca and hirficula and has but a short life. In
one season all my captures were confined to one week. J/iczs is also
short-lived in my experience, while Azr/ficu/a extends over a considerable
period of time, and is abundant.

It will be a valuable addition to knowledge if collectors would note
dates of first appearance, of greatest abundance, and of last capture. It
is not only of interest as bearing on life history, but as an aid to identi-
fication, as when dates of appearance do vary, the date of capture may
indicate the probable species at once. Then too the food plants of the
imago differ. Oaks are most commonly attacked, but I bave never taken
crenulata anywhere but on blackberry flowers.

If our readers would preserve these data and send them to Ento.
Am. for publication it would be a positive advance of our knowledge.

The collection of the Nat’) Museum contains now much more than
half of the described species, and we should be glad to get series from all
localities, in return for which we will identify the form sent, if desired.

Joun B. Situ.
* *
*

Twenty-two common Insects of Nebraska. By Conway McMILLEN, M. A.
University of Nebraska, Bull. of the Agr. Experiment Station of Nebraska, Vol.
1, No. 2, Article II, pp. 1—1o1. January, 1888.

This pamphlet, of recent issue, is so far as we are aware, the first
Report made by any of the recent appointees as Entomologist to the
State Agricultural Experiment Stations, aided by Congressional appro-
priations, and if the other gentlemen have the same idea of their office,
it is to be devoutly hoped it is the last as well. The work is purely and
simply a compilation principally from the Reports of the U. S. Entomo-
logist, the Entomological Commission, and the Reports on the Ins. of
Mo. Lintner, Packard and Thomas have all been laid under contribu-
tion to produce a superficial and imperfect history of the species treated of.
By far the greater number of species have been very fully treated in the
U. S. Gov’t Reports and this brochure is simple a poor abstract paid for
a second time out of the same pocket. The figures used in the work are

borrowed from Riley’s Reports in almost’ every instance—certainly none
are original. There is no evidence that any of the Insects are now, or
are likely to be injurious in Nebraska, and the matter seems to have been
produced merely to fill space. For an agricultural newspaper, in answer
to complaints received the articles are good—as the publications of an
Experiment Station they are entirely absurd.

As stated, Mr. McMillen does not record a single original observa-
tion, yet he states that all have been carefully verified, and the inference
from the context is that he himself has verified them. It need only be
mentioned that he records the result of the work of a number of careful
and scientific observers for a long series of years to show that that is im-
possible. PAylloxera alone would require more time to verify than the
Experiment Stations have beén established and also would require a high
grade of skill in a trained observer.

Of course, as a compilation from the best sources no criticism can
be made of the matter so far as scientific accuracy is concerned. Mr.
McMillen as an Entomologist is entirely unknown to us—so far as we
are aware it is his first appearance; it is to be hoped his future work will
be of a different class.

So far as we have been able to learn, a large proportion of the State
Experiment Stations have now appointed Entomologists-—in most in-
stances men who as such are absolutely unknown; who have had no
Entomological training whatever, and whose knowledge is measured by
what they can find in Packard’s Guide. Many of them may do excellent
work nevertheless and we only hope that they will not, simply to print
something, follow Mr. McMillen’s example and reprint the work of others
in such shape as to suggest it is at least partially their own, to those who
know nothing of the sources drawn from.

Nove By THE Epiror.
The above critique is not editorial nor do we entirely agree with its

sentiment.
The Hatch Bill says it shall be the duty of the Experiment

Stations ‘‘to conduct original researches or verify experiments.” But
the first and the all important object of the Hatch Bill is ‘‘to aid
in acquiring and diffusing among the people of the United States use-
ful and practical information on subjects connected with Agriculture.”
And with this in view every source of knowledge is properly made use of.
Every means of destroying insect enemies must be brought to the atten-
tion of the people. The government may have already paid for the
knowledge, but the knowledge has never generally reached the people ;
and if the Experiment Stations accomplish this end, the money used for
this purpose is not by any means wasted. Of course due credit must

a

pS al a

any

always be given to the one from whom knowledge is obtained, but one
can hardly think the new State Entomologists have no right for example
to recommend the use of Paris Green for destroying the Potato Beetle,
because another discovered that it would easily and cheaply accomplish
that end, and this knowledge is therefore not the result of their original
research.

Our understanding is that under the Hatch Bill Entomologists are
to diffuse knowledge among the people—how to arrest and prevent insect
ravages ; and in connection with this verify experiments, and make ori-
ginal researches, that if possible the old may be bettered, and hew
methods of protection discovered.

co *
*

sh anal aa of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C., Vol. I,
No; 2:

We have received a copy of the above and are free to give it un-
stinted praise. It is a report of the minutes of the meetings of the Wash-
ington Society. but in this case the report is of verv great value. In con-
nection with the Department of Agriculture and the National Museum,
a large number of excellent specialists, some of them among the best,
have been brought together. They all have scientific ability, are all
trained observers, and the reports of the meetings are a history in part of
their investigations and opinions. By necessity the information is of very
great value and every student will read these Proceedings with delight and
profit. G, “De is

a
A New Species of Hyparpax.
By Ep, L. Graer.

Hyparpax aurostriata, n. sp.

Shape and size of H. aurora, Abb. & Sm. Anteriors, thorax and abdomen dirty
white yellow sprinkled uniformly with pink. The transverse anterior line runs
parallel to outer margin to the middle of the wing, thence bifid, the inner one run-
ning to anterior margin forming almost a right angle, the anterior curving sharply
toward the apex. Secondaries dull yellow white; traces of the pink scales especially
along the outer margin. Beneath, all the wings same color as secondaries with scales
of pink densest at the margins and toward the apex.

This species I have often found in collections labeled 7. aurora and
by many collectors supposed to be that speciés or a variety of it. I have
received more than a dozen specimens from Texas and they are all of
this form and constant. 7. aurora is a totally different species. Abbot
and Smith’s figure agrees perfectly with the form found in the Atlantic
States. In H. aurora the primaries are pale yellow, basal patch, costa and
exterior margin bright pink.

From 11 gigi and2 QQ. Texas.

Sy a

Notes on Life History of Scopelosoma moffatiana, Gro/e.
; By R. F. PErarsatu.

Some larva of this species. were taken early in June in the Catskill
region, feeding, mostly at night, on the leaves of the Witch Hazel (H/ama-
melis virginica). When not feeding, during the day they lie curled up on
the under side of the leaf. None were taken previous to the first moult
and no change was apparent in coloration, at any subsequent moult.

Description.— Zarva.—Length full grown 1,45 in.; smooth. Head smooth,
glassy semitransparent. Each segment above is chalky white, becoming translucent
between the segments and- traversed through the centre with a pale lemon-yellow
band. Feet and underparts dirty white.

When full grown, which is after the fourth moult, it goes down in
the ground and under some convenient piece of moss, generally a mcist
place, forms a small cell which is lined witha gummy secretion, spending
the Summer in the larval state.

About September 1st my specimens changed to pupz which were
*/, inch long, ‘shining bright brown and quite active, the casing being
very thin. Imagos appeared from Sept. 25th to Oct. 5th, and have been
already described, presenting but little variation except in depth of color-
ing. From their late appearance I am inclined to think, that they
‘hibernate in this state, laying their eggs in the Spring, presumably upon
the leaves.

=
Books and Pamphlets received during April 1888.

Naturz novitates, Nos. 6, 7 and 8, 1888.

Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Belgium, No. 97.

Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, Vol. II, No. 8.

Entomologisk Tidskrift, 1887, 4 parts. y

Bulletin of the Natural History Society in Vienna, Parts 3 and 4.

Psyche, No. 144.

Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XX‘ No. 4.

Journal N. Y. Microscopical Society, Vol. IV, No. 2.

Journal of Microscopy, April, 1888.

Scientific Inquirer, Vol. III, No. 28.

Prairie Farmer for April, 1888.

Notes on the species of Euerythra and Callimorpha, by Joun B. Smiru,
from the Author.

OO =<

Society News.
The Brooklyn Entomological Society met in Sengerbund Hall, May tst,
1888. Thirteen members present.
The Special Committee appointed to confer with the Brooklyn Institute concer-
ning the terms upon which the Society might become a branch of the Institute re-

ae yg, wee

ported and presented a definite written offer on the part of the Brooklyn Institute.
The offer was in summary as follows :

The Brooklyn. Entomological Society shall become the Entomological Depart-
ment of the Brooklyn Institute ; its regular members becoming associate members of
the Institute without payment of initiation fee ; its honorary members becoming cor-
responding members of the Institute ; its life members becoming life members of the
Institute ; its President becoming a member of the Council of the Institute. The
Brooklyn Entomological Society shall retain its present form of organization and by-
laws, have its own treasurer, retain for its own us@ all its present property and funds,
or any specially donated to it in the future ; have the use of the membership fees of
all members of the Institute connected with its department, have from the Institute
rooms, light and fuel free, have the right to continue the publication under its own
name of its Journal of Entomology. This offer holds good if the Brooklyn Entomo-
logical Society surrender its charter, or if it choose to retain it, but in either case no
rule or by-law of the Society shall conflict with those of the Institute.

On motion action upon this communication was laid over until the next regular -
meeting to be held June 5th and the Secretary was instructed to give notice of the
matter to all the members.

Mr. Heinrich Ries was proposed for membership, and ananimously elected a
member of the Society.

Mr. Henry Ulke of We timed was unanimously elected an honorary member.

There was a discussion of certain habits of ants, and also upon certain pee
of insects exhibited, illustrating in part their life history.

Entomological Society of Washington. May 3rd, 1888, Eleven members
present. Mr. C. H. T. Townsend was elected Corresponding Secretary vice Mr. O.
Lugger, resigned.

An abstract of Mr. Schwarz’s paper, presented at the previous meeting, was read
to open discussion.

Dr. Fox thinks the rules stated by Mr. Schwarz too strict for the spiders. They
do not seem to be nearly so well limited in distribution as the Coleoptera.

Mr. Smith gaye a brief review of some parts of the Lepidopterous fauna of this
district, and stated the distribution of a number of species which with the same ap-
parent origin have spread further north. He decidedly agrees with Mr. Schwarz in
excluding all discordant material in this district from our lists.

Dr. Marx reviewed the spiders collected by Mr. Schwarz—26 species, but one of
which is sub-tropical. The others are nearly all found in the Southern States |
generally. Centrurus biaculeatus, found by Mr. Schwarz, has a wide distribution,
being found also in South America and in Africa.

Mr. Schwarz estimates his Coleoptera captured at 250—300 species, with few ex-
ceptions truly sub-tropical. Dr. Merriam has informed him that the distribution of
the sub-tropical aw7fauna agrees pertectly with his experience in the Coleoptera.

Judge Johnson and Mr. Mann also spoke briefly on the same subject. .

Mr, Smith gave the characters and affinities of Cydesza, which he finds to be a }
true Arctiid closely allied to Cerathosta. He also gave some notes on the habits of 7
Lachnosterna as observed by him.

Dr. Marx showed the figure of an abnormal scorpion, and of a Zycosa in which j
the middle row of eyes had disappeared. 7

Mr. Howard exhibited some plates from Mr. Scudder’s ‘‘ Butterflies of New
England,” showing figures of the genitalia of some species.

Mr, Smith says there is no explanation to these plates—had some of the figures
been presented to him without a statement where they belonged, he would have un-
hesitatingly have referred them to the Sphingide. He knows nothing of the Butter- ;
fly structure on this point, but has examined nearly every family in the Helerocera,
to none of which the SpAzmgids bear so marked a similarity as they do to the forms
illustrated on this plate. J. B. Smiru, Sec’y.

’

|

— in es

AMERICANA

MOU. LM, BROOKLYN, JULY, 1888. NO. 4.

Early Stages of some North American Moths.

By Henry Epwarps.

Sphinx Elsa, Strecker.

Full grown larva.—Pale apple green, each segment with numerous minute raised
tubercles, yellowish, surrounded by a red ring, giving rather a roughened appear-
ance to the insect. On the 6 posterior segments is an oblique stripe of reddish brown,
edged posteriorly with pale yellow. The stripes on the last 2 segments become con-
fluent at the base of the caudal horn, which is unfortunately wanting in the specimen
before me. Mouth parts, feet and legs, purplish brown.

Length 7o mm. Width to mm.

From an inflated specimen prepared by Mr. J. Doll.

Saturnia Galbina, Clemens.

£gg.—Deposited in an irregular mass, cream color; slightly flattened at the sides,
very glossy. Before the emergence of the young larva the largest circumference of
the egg becomes bright chestnut brown, the larva eating a circular hole through
which to escape.

Young larva.—Black, sparsely covered with long fawn colored hairs. Head
very large, glossy. (Died 2 days after emergence.)

Cocoon. —Formed of fine network, white, the outer case also of net work, but the
meshes much larger and coarser. The silk of which it is composed is stout and
strong. The pupa is hardly visible through the cocoon. Length 45 mm. Width
20 mm.

Pupa.— Stout, short. Head case rounded in front, the color fawn-drab, with
the edges of the wing cases and the posterior margins of the abdominal segments
brown. The whole surface is rugosely punctate. Spiracles and cremaster brown.
Length 25 mm. Width 12 mm.

Coloradia Pandora, Blake.
£gg.—Very large for the size of the imago, round, almost globular, brownish in
color and mixed largely with the hairs from the abdomen of the parent. A gummy
secretion is supposed to be deposited with the eggs, as they adhere very firmly to-
gether.

=—=6$2=—

Clisiocampa fragilis, Stretch.

Cocoon. —The cocoon of this species is more delicate and finer in texture than any
other of the genus. It is pure white, very closely spun, narrow, and is attached at
the sides to two or three stems of grass or other plants which may be convenient, and
being generally free from any impurities, it is quite a pretty object. I have never
taken the species except upon the sides of Mt. Davidson, Nevada. I believe the larva
feeds on a species of Composite, allied to Bigelovia. Length 25 mm. Width 12 mm.

Sphingicampa 4 lineata, G. & R.

Pupa. — In shape very like that of Anzsota, but comparatively a little longer. It
is pitchy black throughout, the junction of the abdominal segments a little paler.
The entire surface is very rough, and covered with minute raised spines. On the
posterior margin of the last 5 abdominal segments is a row of raised teeth, and a
similar row on the anterior margin of a// the segments. These extend entirely around
the body. On the top of the first segment behind the head case are two raised
shining large black tubercles. The cremaster is very long bifurcate, and extremely
rough. Length, including cremaster, 54 mm. Width 16 mm.

Citheronia Mexicana, G. & R.

Pupa.-—Scarcely distinguishable trom that of C. regafis, except that it is much
smoother, and the spiracles much larger in size. They are also raised considerably
above the surface of the segments. The cremaster is also smooth at its tip.

Hyperchiria Pamina, Neumoegen.

LARVAL STAGES.—A/fter 3rd moult.—Ground color of the dorsal region, pitchy
black. On the dorsum are 4 slightly waved cream colored stripes, extending from
the base of the head to the anal segment, and of equal width throughout, The
lateral region bears a broad cream colored stripe uneven on its edges and enclosing
some lengthened cuneiform patches of a reddish brown shade, faintly spotted with
dull orange. Each segment bears a bunch of much branched tubercular spines, jet
black, those of the anterior segments the longest. The ventral region is dull brown,
with broad diffused central stripe of cream color. Head black, mouth parts tawny.
Prolegs black, abdominal legs dull reddish. Length 35 mm. Width 6 mm.

After gth moult.—The ground color has now become pale buff, each segment
dorsally bearing 4 black waved streaks. The subdorsal region is broadly black, with
a buff ovate patch on each segment. Laterally the color is now much brighter, hav-
ing changed to a dull crimson shade below the spiracles. Sub-ventral region black,
with red markings and a broad central stripe of dull buff. The bases of the bunches
of spines are now cream color. Length 48mm. Width 8 mm.

Full grown larva.—The whole of the dorsal and subdorsal regions are now
bright buff, the black stripes on the upper surface reduced to mere lines, which are
slightly waved, and inclined to be confluent. In front, and at the sides of the 5th,
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and roth segments is a broad, triangular red patch, followed by a
black line. The spiracles are cream color, and the space below them, immediately
above the base of the legs is broadly black, and a red patch on the anterior and
posterior edge of each segment, and many yellowish irrorations scattered over the
surface. Ventral region dull yellow, with a cream colored central stripe. Head
olivaceous. Legs all black, with the tips red, the anal plates also ot the latter color.

The tips of the branched spines only are black, the rest being a bright buff. Length
75mm. Width io mm.

ial S

ee

————————— Ur

-

NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA.

By Henry Epwarps.

Gluphisia Tearlei.

I find that I made a great mistake in placing this species under the
genus Gluphisia, and I hasten to correct my error. The original speci-
men was taken by my friend Osmond Tearle, at Lake Tahoe, California,
and was in very poor condition, having lost its antennz, part of one fore-
wing, the fore legs, and a portion of the abdomen. I saw at once how-
ever, that it was a new specjes, and so described it, placing it where I then
thought it belonged. The receipt of some examples in excellent condi-
tion, both Gand Q, from Mr. McGlashan, of Truckee, proves to me
quite conclusively that it is a Noctuid, allied to ZAyat#ra or more nearly
to Bomébycia, Hibner, in which latter genus it will for the present find its
place. It must therefore be known as

Bombycia Tearlei, Hy. Edw.,
= Gluphisia Tearlei, Hy. Edw. (in error).
Calledapteryx dryopterata, Grote.

I took 6 examples of this beautiful little moth near Corona, L. IL,
last August. They were all at rest on the leaves of Poison Ivy (Aus
toxicodendrum) and were found within the area of a few yards, being
probably all members of one brood. Their mode of sitting upon the leaf
reminded me of the P/erophoride—the peculiar cut of the wing aiding
the illusion. I saw two other specimens, but they escaped me by feign-
ing death and dropping among the grass. The day was very warm, and
the sun shone with considerable power upon the shining leaves of the Rhus.

Calothysanis amaturaria, Packard.

I caught two specimens of this pretty species near Astoria in July,
sitting on leaves of Sagit/aria, in a swampy place. It is, I believe, rather
rare in collections. |

Seirarctia Echo, Abb. & Sm. ’

Two very fine examples of this rare moth, ‘and Q, were taken in

April, at Cold Harbor, Florida, by Mrs. A. T. Slosson.

+»

Tue following is not inapplicable to some of the American College
collections, and even some private collectors might take the hint :

Professor :—How many legs has an Insect?

Student :—Usually one or two; more rarely three or four, and in ex-
ceptional cases even five.

Professor :—What an extraordinary answer! May I ask where you
derived this information ?

Student:—Yes, sir: by an examination of the specimens in our
university collection. —Fhegende Blatter.

Larva of a Large Species of HEPIALID, Phassus
triangularis, Ay. Hdw., from Vera Cruz, Mex.
By Wm. Scnaus, Jr.

Larva.—Length, 4 inches. Head large and very powerful, black, well with-
drawn under the second segment, which is dark brown, very broad and hard, and
has a lateral depression. Segments 3 end 4 are rather contracted and very hard in
texture, the 3rd being dorsally and laterally like old ivory, and the 4th having one
anterior and two posterior spots of the same character, the three spots Leing almost
confluent. The rest of the body is arich velvety brown, and on each segment to the
12th 1s a large dorsal ovate spot, placed transversely and of harder consistency than
the rest of the skin—these spots also being ivory-yellow. On segments five and six
each are two small ivory-yellow dorsal spots posterior to the Jarzer ones. Between
all the spots tlie skin has numerous transverse folds. Laterally, behind the stigma
on each segment is a small round ivory spot, and below it an ivory line. Last seg-
ment entirely veivety brown. The proleys are very powerful and thick, and ivory-
yellow. Underneath on segments five and six are several spots of the same hard
formation and color as those of the upper surface, and the abdominal legs which are
very short and also ivory-yellow.

The larva bores a hole of great length (nearly 3 feet) and usually
quite into the roots of the tree, so that in some instances which have
come under my observation, nothing was left but the bark of the root
between the larva and the earth. The outlet is generally very near the
ground, and is covered over with all the matter thrown out from the gal-
lery made by the larva combined with a silky substance, the two together
forming a pulpy material, which hardens on exposure to the air, and be-
comes tough in its nature. Before changing to a pupa the larva spins a
silky lid which exactly fits the opening of the gallery, and is firmly at-
tached only at one point. By raising this lid, one can see at a glance
whether or not a larva or pupa is to be found, for the creature remains
close to the outlet, but if once disturbed, it rapidly descends to some
safer portion of the gallery, only returning when the danger has passed
away. The pupa is nearly as active in its movements as the larva.

I regret that I could not discover the scientific name of the food
plant, which is a low tree extremely abundant in the ‘‘ Tierra templada”
of the State of Vera Cruz, and is known to the Mexicans as ‘‘ Guzanillo”
or Maggot tree, owing to the frequency with which the larvee of the
Hepiali are found in it. The moths emerge between 3 and 5 in the after-
noon, but common as are the larve, I never took the imago on the wing,
my specimens being all obtained by breeding.

8

Mr. Samuet HensHaw is now engaged, under the direction of Prof.
Rirey, on the Bibliography of Economic Entomology. The task is an
herculean one, and not particularly interesting though undoubtedly
valuable. Mr. Henshaw has our sympathy.

A Proposed Classification of the Hemiptera.
By Wicuram H. AsHMEAD.

Jacksonville, Fla.

For nearly ten years, the writer has made the Hemipiera the object
of special study, and below is submitted for the consideration of those
interested in these pungent insects, a proposed arrangement of the Divi-
sions and Families recognized, in accordance with what is conceived to
be their natural affinity and natural sequence, based on evolutionary law.

Whether or not, the arrangement be accepted, it is believed that the
student will find the analytical tables useful and valuable.

It will also be observed that the Pedicudide, by some authorities
classified with the mites Acaria, are included among the Heéeropiera ;
although some systematists, while classifying them as hemipterous, con-
sidered them to rank as a suborder under the name Parasitica.

_ This arrangement, I have not followed, for the reason they seem to
me, to be too closely related, in habits and structure, to the heteropterous
families Polycfenide and Cimicide, to justily their separation.

In general appearance, too, they so closely resemble—in a remark-
able degree—the immature forms in the homopterous family Coccéde,
that they very naturally bridge the chasm separating the Homopéera from
the Heferopiera, and afford—by placing them at the head of the He/erop-
tera, as has been done —the presentation of a natural consecutive sequence
of all the hemipterous families

Before giving the characters for separating the divisions and families
of the Hemipiera, it may be advisable to show the position and rank it is
believed that this order should occupy in any natural scheme of arrange-
ment of the so-called orders of insects, based on evolutionary law.

I believe that the class Zmsecfa, or those expressions of life classed by
Zoologists as such—animals breathing through “-achee—is represented
to-day by two groups that came into existence in two distinct ways, being
evolved, the one from the Crusfacea, the other from the Vermes, which
may be distinguished by the following very simple character :

Mesee stent antenpia, 5. |. s'...csestasegetekoe ec Maen Cerata m
HASeetseWILHOUELanteNnned:, . ... << /iSe cee tese seit Acerata 7

The first group, or Cera/a, originated from a crustacean ancestor
and is represented to-day by the JALpriapoda, Thysanura, Orthopiera,
Neuroptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, and Hymenop-
tera; while, the second group or Acerafa, evolved from an ancestral
worm-like form, is represented by the Lizguatulina, Tardigrada, Acarina,
Pedipalpi and Arachnida.

atl 4

The simple character given above—with or without antennee—will
"enable any one to place at a glance any zmsec/ in its proper group. The
groups Pediculina, Mallophaga and Physopoda (= Thysanoptera, Hal.),
therefore belong naturally to the orders originally assigned them by Bur-
meister: the former, on account of their promuscidate mouth, go with
the Hemiptera; and the two last, on account of their mandibulate mouth
and active pupa, go with the Or/hopiera.,

The following diagram, wil] demonstrate the relative position, that
it is believed the different orders should occupy in a natural scheme, and
it may be well to compare it with a similar one, in the ‘‘ Third Report of
the U. S. Entomological Commission,” page 295, to see how different is
our conception of a natural arrangement, from that entertained by its
learned author, Dr. A. S, Packard.

INSECTS GENEALOGICAL TREE.

Hymenoptera Arachnida

Lepidoptera Diptera Pedipalpi
Neuroptera Celeoprers Hemiptera
Orthoptera ay:
Thysanura Tardigrada
Myriapoda Linguatulina
[ CERATA |— —[ACERATA]|

| CRUSTACEA | VERMES |

A classification is at once demonstrated to be either good and
natural, or false and artificial ; and its merits are soon recognized.

The good and natural is accepted ; the false and artificial eliminated
or rejected,

It is not thought advisable, therefore, at this time, to enter into the
merits or demerits of the many different classificatory schemes proposed
for the arrangement of the Hemzp/era; they are familiar to all students
and nothing is ever accomplished by such discussions.

The following is our proposed arrangement of the Divisions and
Families :

ORDER HEMIPTERA.

Mouth promuscidate ; metamorphosis incomplete.
SUBORDERS.

Wings uniformly membranous or horny......... . Suborder 1, HOMOPTERA.

Front wings basally horny, apically membranous ; hind wings membranous.
Storie ie HETEROPTERA.

SUBORDER I, HOMOPTERA.
TABLE OF DIVISIONS.

Bedlwissulae trom the interior parton the head ie). aca acres « 3 nee nd ele
Div. 1 AUCHENORHYNCHA, A. et S.

Bedi paKentiy, icssuime Grom ;the SternUim). a2. .ia.serg fs ete) eyeto erie tere
Diy. II, STERNORHYNCHA, A. et S.

Division 11 AUCHENORHYNCHA, Amyot et Serville.
TABLE OF THE FAMILIES.

Front wings most frequently opaque or parchment-like; hind wings membranous. . 2
All wings most frequently membranous or horny, strongly areolated.

*Ocelli 3 on the vertex ; antennz setiform, placed between the eyes; thorax”

nermal ; fore femora thickened, toothed beneath ; males musical........
Fam. I, Cicadidee

**Ocelli most frequently 2, usually placed beneath the eyes or in hollow cavities in

in the cheeks, a 3rd ocellus sometimes on the front ; antenne always placed

beneath the eyes ; frons often produced, carinated... Fam. IJ, Fulgoride.

***Ocelli 2 on the crown ; antennz between the eyes ; thorax abnormally developed,

usually completely covering the scutellum; legs foliaceous, prismatic or

TOUUCCOME ERM has by Mert ee Mk aie cam anc sere Fam. III], Membracide.

2 Thorax normal ; ocelli 2, seldom absent; antennz setiform, placed between the
eyes,

+Ocelli always placed somewhere on the vertex.. ....... Fam. IV, Cercopide.

++Ocelli always on the frons and below the superior margin....................
Fam. V, Bythoscopide.

¢+FOcclli in front of the eyes on the rounded edge of the superior margin, but never
OMMPNEVERECRH 17.30 2a's cone ci ciehale 2-dese o Mee sa eRe Na See Fam. VI, Jasside.

Division II, STERNORHYNCHA, Amyot et Serville.
TABLE OF 1HE FAMILIES.

SMB CLULL Cte edeys Yova, {3 laste) Sc. be aon: Sad Lapeer MORN EA CIOENINERR Gil Gio Cease ME yi arts eae
Tarsi 2-jointed.
Beak 3- or 4-jointed ; wings most frequently membranous.
Antennze 10-jointed ; abdomen without honey tubes...... Fam. VII, Psyllide.
Antennz 3- to 7-jointed ; abdomen frequently with honey tubes .. ......
Fam. VIII, Revicide
Beak 2-jointed ; wings opaque, farinose ................ Fam. IX, Aleurodide.
2 Males with only 2 wings, seldom apterous; females always apterous, mite-like ;
antennee 6- to I1-jointed ; and all the species reach maturity under waxy secre-
tions, filamentary down or in galls...... Panes SC. Cee Fam. X, Coccide.

tN

Gs

aes

SuporDER II], HETEROPTERA.
TABLE OF DIVISIONS.
Posterior coxz acetabulate, rotating, with no femoral grooves....... ......++++-
Div. Ir TROCHALOPODA, Schiddte.
7Glaws tepmimaloycns.. .. Fis eae ee .. Subdiv. I, GEODROMICA, Ashmead.
SP MIAWS SUPERBGSED 6 on. fe a oes Subdiv. I, HYDRODROMICA, Ashmead.
Posterior coxze hinged, provided with femoral grooves.........

Div. II, PAGIOPODA, Schidee:
yAntenne always plainly visible .. ..Subdiv. 1 GYMNOCERATA, Ashmead.
jie Btenhee hid dentunder cavities) ofthe beadmws ane eae ee ee
Subdiv. II, CRYPTOCERATA, Ashmead.

Division I, TROCHALOPODA, Schiddte.

Subdivision I, GEODROMICA, Ashmead.

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF THE FAMILIES.

Winged : or if wingless with ocelli and always with a jointed beak ............. Z
Wingless, ocelli wanting.
Beak not jointed ; anterior tarsi 2-jointed
Beak jointed.
*Antennze short, 4-jointed, last joint fusiform ; beak 4-jointed ; anterior tarsi
BRIOIMLEG LY 2t. s ures westerns eo hd «ate Meee Fam. XII, Polyctenide.
** Antenne long, last joint long, setiform ; clypeus triangular.............

Fam. XIII, Cimiciaa:

g enbusyey Nel, Seine Fam. XI, Pediculide.

Beak reposing in a groove
Beak not reposing in a groove.
Elytra composed of a single piece, the membrane not being separated...... .....
Fam. XIV, Ceratocampide.
Elytra composed of corium, clavus, embolium, cuneus and membrane, se!dom
wanting ; clypeus elongated ; beak 3- or 4-jointed, tarsi 2- or 3-jointed......
Fam. XV, Anthocoride.
Fore legs raptorial ; or then body surrounded with foliaceous plates............ 4
Fore legs not raptorial ; tarsi 2-jointed.
yElytra with reticulated nervures ; third antennal joint normal ; body very flat. .
Fam. XVI, Aradide.
+yElytra strongly areolated, frequently vitreous ; third antennal joint abnormally
lengthened; thorax strongly vesiculose or carinate..Fam. XVII, Tingitide.
Body often high, most frequently angulate ; elytra with remose nervures ; terminal
antennal joint longest and thickest, fusiform..... Fam. XVIII, Phymatide.
Body very flat, surrounded by foliaceous plates or scales; scutellum reaching
nearly to the top of the abdomen....... ..Fam. XIX, Phleide.
Body most frequently elongated, elongate et or linear ; erie small triangu-
lar or wanting ; while the antennz excepting in the family Avfzde, are plainly
visible: throurhout. their entire lemotin) pracy irerenteeete nants oes) el eee 5
Body usually rounded, oval, or oblong oval, convex or ‘highly convex ; the scutel-
lum always large, frequently covering the entire abdomen ; while the basal
joint of the antennz is more or less hidden by lateral projections of the head.
*Scutellum usually short, flat, triangular, seldom lengthened, sometimes with a
rounded tip.
Mibie strongly spined, oridilatede.. ere er ee Fam. XX, Cydnide.
**Scutellum large, convex, quite or nearly covering the whole abdomen.

bd
4
Gp
Uibicespmous s taysls-jOintedss 40% de0s 2.00. Fam. XXI, Corimalenide.
Tibi not spinous.
Elytra folded; tarsi 2-jomted':...-....--...- Fam. XXII, Arthropteride.
Elytra straight; tarsi 3-jointed........ tntinds Fam. XXIII, Scutelleride.

***Scutellum flattened, attenuated, usually rounded at tip, or long triangular, but
not nearly covering the whole abdomen.

Tibize not spined ; tarsi 2- or 3-jointed ........ Fam. XXIV, Pentatomide.

5 Beak curved at base ; head cylindrical ; prothorax with a transverse suture..... 7
Beak not curved at base ; head not cylindrical.

EMteanee dase hLedcOnra dime, Del OWstherCYy.esiaeisarslare laa elie pve letole cers clelote (otetele eile |otets 6

Antenne inserted on a line before the eyes.
Membrane always with more than five nervures, often numerous.
*Legs not especially slender, most frequently thickened, spined or foliaceous ;

POET St VAR LOUIS epee 9 ce hare cae rolithcta, 9, 3/4 iso's) sponse perthehels Fam. XXV, Coreide.
**Legs long and slender, femora clavate............. Fam. XXVI, Berytide.

6 Membrane with not more than five nervures.
MMIC) CC IMInemay seen eyes ish sich a sicl cciticsharexs ordre sesterahe eal Fam. XXVII, Lygzide.
WiUINOMIOCEl IC ease nyse he fice re yaren Kase! pate bets Fam. XXVIII, Pyrrhocoride.
Membrane with one or two cells ; no ocelli............. Fam. XXIX, Capside.

7 Head separated from the prothorax.
’ tAnterior legs not raptoria#; fore coxz not greatly lengthened.

Beak usually long, slender, 4-jointed...............- Fam. XXX, Nabide.
Beak usually short, stout, 3-jointed............. Fam. XXXI, Reduviide.
ttAnterior legs raptorial; fore coxz greatly lengthened .......... .....

Fam. XXXII, Emeside.
Head not separated from the prothorax.
Abdomen ending in long, respiratory caudal sete; antennz very small, 3-
OMMERG God Ae hee gaa e an ERAS WOO paid ening n Fam. XXXIIJ, Nepide.
Subdivision Il, HYDRODROMICA, Ashmead.

Head inserted in prothorax.

Head abnormally lengthened ............... Fam. XXXIV, Hydrometride.
Head not greatly lengthened.

*OQccllikana scutellimypresentvqeasaeeera: cosets Fam. XXXV, Gerridz.
Pan OCENAMGySGUECITONs Wallin Otgen sts agree os tele) fale Fam. XXXVI, Velliide.

Division Il, PAGIOPODA, Schiodte.
Subdivision I, GYMNOCERATA, Ashmead.

UU RRAR ARE ALEC eerie orca win chaicges Sy ein tetera hare ce telel Fam. XXXVII, Saldide.
Subdivision II, CRYPTOCERATA, Ashmead.

BOmiye oat SMA ed si SUPINALS., «).,./. sis), .vcrt ies etiekelsi ier petiskerele eet sletahetinle clctevetoi reread ae 2
Body depressed, prone.
Legs not natatorial ; ocelli present.
TV SoeMeEGUMGUALGs). ..:5 ssicc.c ui, cincldele seats le Fam. XXXVIII, Galgulide.
Legs natatorial ; ocelli wanting.
Scutellum large.

Abdomen without strap-like caudal sete..... Fam. XXXIX, Naucoride.

Abdomen with strap-like caudal sete .......... Fam. XL, Belostomide.
Scutellum invisible or minute,

EiGash OVCEIAUS PrOUlOFax. ... .. sc nis we eee mallee aie Fam. XLI, Corisidz.

2 Head inserted in prothorax ;

legs natatorial......... Fam, XLII, Notonectide.

a Ona :

The Faunal Limits of the United States.
By (Gro, Dr aursr

As the result of the collections and observations of Mr. E. A. Schwarz
in Southern Florida last year, there has been, if we judge from the reports
of their meetings, considerable discussion among our Washington Ento-
mologists on the above subject. The opinion seems to have almost un-
animously prevailed that the Fauna of Southern Florida ought to be cre-
dited to the West Indies, rather than the United States.

There is little probability however that this course will ever be carried
out in the making up of our Faunal Lists. 1st, from a sort of patriotism
people regard their country as a unit and cherish all that is of their own
country ; and as a consequence, nothwithstanding the vast reach of our
country, very few Americans there are, who are, even in the sense of tak-
ing the great divisions of the country, local collectors. ‘Southern Florida
will have its place as American in our collections and must go in our
lists. 2nd, Faunal boundaries are so artificial and irregular that natural
limitations ought to be taken even though they do not wholly correspond
with the facts of the case. Thus the White Mountains of New Hamp-
shire and the high Rockies and Sierras ought to have their insects credited
to our Fauna and so put in our lists, though they are essentially Arctic.
And thus in the future as in the past, the Florida Straits will probably re-
main to be the Southern boundary line of our Fauna. 3rd, It may be
questioned whether Southern Florida is essentially tropical. It may be
a fact that the majority of the species are connected with the Tropics, but
it may be properly inquired, is this comparatively the truth. It is possible
that it may have half the species found in New England, and while a
majority of its species are found in the West Indies it may not have per-
haps one quarter of those found in Cuba. It thus may be comparatively
more like New England than the West Indies. 4th, Southern Florida is
essentially situated much as Mt. Washington is in New Hampshire, that
is it is cut off from its faunal connections. It is. by the Everglades al-
most entirely separated from the country which otherwise would probably
give it the majority of its species, and it may not be unfair to locate it
with the accident of real separation taken into account. The Everglades

probably form a greater barrier than the Straits. 5th, If Southern Florida
is thrown out of our Faunal Lists, so must we throw out South Western
Texas, Southern New Mexico, Arizona, and California. And on the other
hand a long reach of the Mountain Region of Mexico must be taken in
with our Fauna. It seems that though the line of National Boundaries
in this case is not the line which would be selected by Naturalists as the
true boundary line of our Fauna, it comes pretty near the truth; if
Naturalists were to map out the line perhaps no two would agree as to
where the faunal line should be drawn. And it probably would have to
resolve itself into a case of ‘‘letting well enough alone.”

—71—

Lyczna Sonorensis, Feld.

By W. G. Wrieut,

San Bernardino, Cal.

This most exquisite of all North American diurnals has for its
habitat the Pacific Coast from latitude 37° to 27° and possibly to 25°
North, a range of 600 or 700 miles, the Southern limit not being yet
determined. From the coast line it penetrates into the interior probably
less than 100 miles, 60 miles being its limit of actual observation at
present. While it is thus somewhat widely spread in comparison with
some coast butterflies, it is always extremely rare and difficult to get. In
ordinary years three or four examples are a fair catch. Only twice, during
several years of active work, have I seen this insect flying in anything
like numbers. The first time was in February, 1883, near Todos Santos
Bay in Lower California, when I found it, as I thought breeding, and
flying in plentiful numbers, but so old and worn that they were worth-
less. The second time was this past Spring of 1888, 30 miles from this
place, and ovipositing on Cofyledon laxa. By most persistent and labor-
ous work I succeeded in getting a fine case full of the insects, and in
securing eggs and larvee sufficient to establish all the stages, for publica-
tion. Nearly the whole of my material was obtained from a little bit of
land two or three yards wide and twenty yards long. Itis a little secluded

_ pocket in the mountains, and so hidden and inconspicuous that I first

passed by it on one side, seeing none flying, when really there must have
been half a dozen flying within fifteen yards of me; but on returning, my
chance let me across the pocket, and all at once I saw them in numbers.
You may believe that a lively time followed. I got about a dozen that
first day. But before I had caught half a dozen I had observed the queer
flight of the females, close to the ground, or along the face of a damp -
rock, evidently plant-hunting. Presently one alighted on the thick suc-
culent leaf of a Codyledon, left an egg, and flew away. Catching her as
she flew, I dropped upon that plant, and found the egg. Then I had
the whole secret, and, having the secret, it was but a matter of time,
patience and work, to get the rest.

I account it of more use and value to get the plant and the prepar-
atory stages established than to get many butterflies, for while any one
can catch a butterfly, not many can or will work it up. So, in this case,
I tramped many a mile, and waded an icy stream more than five hundred
times, to get a few little eggs and caterpillars that altogether weigh but a

—72—

few grains, But it is done, and it will stand as long as books are
printed.

Cotyledon was once considered a Sedum, but was separated because
of material and technical variations. The leaves, which are the part
eaten by the larvze, are thick and juicy with an insipid watery juice, and
so soft that they may be mashed in the fingers into pulp that drips with
water. The ‘‘house-leek” of the Eastern States is an approximate and
familiar plant, in size and manner of growth, but the Cof#/edon leaves are
fewer, larger, thicker and more juicy. The larvz eat into the leaf, and
burrow about under its skin, remaining hidden most of the time; but an
aperture is always open, and through it the ants follow the larva, per-
sistently petting it, and living off its juices. Some of the larve that I
have bred have been attended all through their captivity by some ants
which would not leave them. Doubtless these ants have subsisted en-
tirely upon the nutriment afforded by the larvae. Whether the larvez are
pleased or vexed by the ants I cannot determine. At any rate they show
no positive sign of either, while on the other hand, the larvae of Z Amyn-
tula, which feed entirely hidden and shut in, shrink in dislike or fear from
the touch of ants, and the ants never caress them to beg for food.

It is a great pity that this lovely Zycena should be obliged to carry
the handicapping of such a misnomer of a name as Sonorensis. I doubt
if it ever flies in Sonora at all. I know the best collectors who of late
years have worked there, and none of them have ever seen it there. In
the early days of this coast, in the sixties, the collecting of plants and
animals and the labelling of them were very carelessly and joosely done.
Even a collector like Fremont was often grossly lax in his names and
localities; and especially in Botany this laxity has caused immense vexa-
tion and worry. So it must have been in the case of this Lycena, cre-
dited to Sonora doubtless through carelessness or error. Or it may have
been collected from some little ranch or Mexican settlement called Sonora
in what is now the State of California. Several such ‘‘Sonoras” still
exist.

But it cannot now be helped. We may at any rate console our-
selves with the knowledge that this butterfly is rare and beautiful enough
to be able to stand up under its dead-weight, careless of the misnomer ;
that its silvery luster and carmine cheeks are so gem-like and delicious
that it will always be sought after, so that after all the name is of little
moment, for the insect itself is so incomparable and matchless that it shall
live to fly and reign—a gueen—forever.

a er a

ae

Note on the Genus Platythyris.
By A. R. Grote, A. M.

In. an article, Ento. Am., Vol. IV, p. 27, speaking of the above
genus, Mr. J. B. Smith, the author, says, that this genus contradicts
nearly every family character of the Zhyride, to which Grote and Robin-
son referred it. Boisduval, I believe, figured a species of this genus as
Thyrts vitrina. Dr. Clemens described the genus as belonging to the
Toriricide. Since we figured the more common species I have stated in
print several times that the genus possibly belongs to the Aectumde and
I found allied Asiatic forms in the British Museum (as far as I recollect
Felder figures one), recorded under the generic title Varna. Consult
our paper in Trans. Am. Ento. Society upon Mr. Walker’s types. Dr.
Clemens describes the singular larva of Platythyris (Dysodea is, I believe,
preoccupied), and his description (Proc. Acad. N.S. Phil., 1860, p. 350)
says that the larva is quite as peculiar as the perfect insect. The larva
has a disagreeable odor and makes a cone on Lupatorium ageratoides.
This accords with 7Ayrzs larva in a very striking manner, as cited by Mr.
Smith in the article referred to above. We made a tribal or subfamily
division of the Zhyride on account of the contradictory characters, viz :
Platythyrini or Platythyrine according as we rank the division. In my
opinion (I have no specimens at the mument) the moth may remain as
we placed it, until its full characters be compared with the Noctuwde. It
is not a Zor/vix, as Clemens described it. In a letter to me Dr. Clemens
stated that he could not remember his grounds for putting the moth in
the Zortricide. He recognized the moth from our figure in. the Annals
of the N. Y. Lyceum and wrote that, with our different estimate of its
structure, we were pardonable in not recognizing his description of it
previously under the Zoréricede. 1 judged from his letter, that he was
satisfied he was wrong in his classificauion of the moth, and that the in-
sect belonged, if not to the Zhyride, at least to the Macrolepidoptera.

* We afterwards made the synonymical reference and, on account of Dy-
sodea being used, retained for our P. fasciata the name Platythyrts ocu-
Jatana, Clem. Staudinger credits Boisduval’s species, described from
Spain, to North America. I think this is surmise, perhaps an erroneous
surmise. There is no reason why Plady/hyris should not be found in
Southern Europe. As far as I recollect, Boisduval’s figure dues not cor-
respond with our North American Plafythyris oculatana, In any event
we have to do with a singular form but there is no reason, I think, for
separating it as a family. It agrees well enough as a subfamily of the

- Thyride, until we have more information, to which family we were the
more disposed to refer it since Boisduval preceded us.

The description of the larva of Platythyris by Clemens reveals un-
expected resemblances to Zhyr7s, both in form, quality and habit. When
the immature stages present so many points of agreement it is incorrect
to say that the genus contradicts nearly every family character. The
points wherein the moth contradicts Zhyris have been comparatively
given by us. We lay stress upon the thoracic and antennal characters as
being very different from Zhyris—so much so that we consider it to be-
long to a distinet tribe. Mr. Smith uses the characters we give. He
emphasizes the fact that we do not describe the venation. Of our type
we could not well denude the wings, but Dr. Clemens describes the
venation fully (I. ¢. p. 349 seq.) and it would seem that putting what
Dr. Clemens says and what we say, originally and subsequently, a pretty
full statement could be compiled as to the structure of Platythyris. Joined
to this we figure the moth, from both sides, and Boisduval, as Say, very
probably figures a second species of Plathythyris asa Thyris. Subsequent
descriptions of North American Platy/hyrine are also extant; the species
except ocudatuna (=fascia/a) are unknown to me in nature.

SES ee eS) ea
Collecting Notes.
by Cuas. LreBEck.

I have noticed, while looking over my last volume of Ento. Am.
lately, an article by Mr. A. M. Weeks entitled ‘‘ Capturing Caradus ser-
ratus.” In this locality as well as in the neighborhood of New York
City, it is infrequentiy met with, an occasional specimen during hibernat-
ing season, and must be collected methodically. The idea of collecting
them by sugaring is a very good one, but we have never tried it. Our
method of collecting them will be explained by the following account of
one of our trips. On the roth of April Mr. Wenzel and myself made a
trip to Franklinville, situated on the outskirts of the upper end of Phila-
delphia, on the banks of the Wingohocking Creek. At the point of our
operations the creek runs between two lines of hills with moderately slop-
ing sides. Here we commenced our search by scraping among the loose
earth, dead leaves, and general debris left over from the fall season. From
about half way up, to the top of the hills, after a diligent search, we
found about 16 specimens of Cychrus sfenostomus and a number of species
of Pterostichus. While near the waters edge at the foot we found about
25 specimens of Carabus serratus, a like number of “méafus and the
common wnclus. C. sylvosus, the only other species of Caradus found
in this vicinity, has also been taken here in the same way, but not on this
occasion. We also found besides the above species Olisthopus parmatus,
Atranus pubescens, Platynus octopunctatus, Dicelus ovalis, and numbers
of species of the commoner Carabidee.

Food - Plants of Lepidoptera.

By Wm. BrEuTenMULLER.

[No. 8.]
APATELA AMERICANA, Harr.

Tillacez.
Tilia Americana, L. (Bassweod.) | Tilia alba, Michx. (White Linden.)
Tilia Europez, L. (European Linden.) |

Sapindacez.
Acer pseude-platanus, L. (Mock Plane Acer rubrum, L. (Red Maple.)
rec.) Aisculus hippocastania, L. (Common

Acer dasycarpum, Chr. (Silver Maple.) | Horse Chestnut.)

Rosacez.
Prunus serotina, Ehr. (Wild Black Amelanchier canadensis, Torr. & Gray.

Cherry. ) (Service-berry.)
Prunus virginiana, L. (Choke Cherry.)
Ericacez.
Vaccinium corymbosum, L, (Common Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, L. (Dwarf
Blueberry.) Blueberry. )
Urticacez.
Ulmus americana, L. (Am. Elm.) Ulmus campestris, L. (English Elm.)
Ulmus fulva, Michx. (Slippery Elm.)
Juglandacez.

Carya alba, Nutt. (Shell-bark Hickory.) Carya amara, Nutt. (Bitter-nut.)
Carya tomentosa, Nutt. (Mocker-nut. ) Carya porcina, Nutt. (Pig-nut Hickory.)
Cupulifere.

Quercus alba, L. (White Oak.) Quercus palustris, Du Roi. (Pin Oak.)
Quercus macrocarpa, Michx. (Bur Oak.) Castania vesca, L. (Chestnut.)

Quercus rubra, L. (Red Oak.)
Quercus coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.)
Quercus tinctoria, Bart. (Black Oak.)

Favus ferruginea, Ait. (Beech.)
Favus sylvatica, L. (European Beech.)
Carpinus americana, Walt. (Hornbeam.)

Betulacee.
Betula alba, L. (White Birch.) Betula v. populifolia, Spach. (American
White Birch.)
[No. 9.]

EMPRETIA STIMULEA, Clem.

Anacardiacee.
Rhus glabra, L. (Sumac.)

Rosacee.

Prunus serotina, Ehr. (Wild Bl’k Cherry) | Pyrus coronaria, L. (Crab-apple.)
Prunus virginiana, L. (Choke Cherry.) | Pyrus malus, L. (Apple.)

Rubus villosus, Ait. (Blackberry.) Cratzegus coccinea, L. (Thorn.)
Rosa carolina, L. (Swamp Rose.) Amelanchier canadensis, L. (June-
Rosa blanda, Ait. (Wild Rose.) berry.)

Hamamelacee. i
Liquidambar styraciflua, L. (Sweet-gum.) i
a
Cornacee. 4
Cornus florida, L. (Dogwood.) Cornus stolonifera, Michx. (Osier Dog- —
wood.)
Caprifoliacez.

Viburnum dentatum, L. (Arrow-wood.) | Viburnum lentago, L. (Sheep-berry.}

Composite.

Aster corymbosus, Ait.

Vacciniacee.
Vaccinium corymbosum, L. (Huckle- Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, L, (Huckle-
berry.) berry.)
Myricacez.

Myrica cerifera, L. (Bayberry.)

Cupulifere.
Betula alba, L. (Birch.) Quercus palustris, Du Roi. (Pin Oak.)
Corylus americana, Walt. (Hazel.) | Quercus prinus, L. (Chestnut Oak.)
Corylus rostrata, Ait. (Europ. Hazel.) Quercus rubra, L. (Red Oak.)

(Quercus coccinea, Wany. (Scarlet Oak.) Castania vulgaris, v, Americana, Michx.

Quercus alba, L. (White Onk.) Quercus tinctoria, Bart. (Black Oak.)
Quercus macrocarpa, Michx. (Bur Oak.) (Chestnut-)

[No. 10.]
HALESIDOTA TESSELLATA, A. &S.
Tiliacee.
Tilia americana, L. (Basswood.) Tilia alba. (White Basswood.)
Tilia Europe, L. (European Linden.) |
Leguminose.
Robinia hispida, L. (Rose Acacia.) Robinia pseudacacia, L. (Common
Robinia viscosa, Vent. (Clammy Locust) Locust. ) |
Hamamelacee.

Hamammelis Virginiana, L. (Witch Hazel.)
Sapindacee.

Acer rubrum, L. (Red Maple.)
Negundo aceroides, Moench. (Box-

Acer dasycarpum, Ehr. (Silver Maple.)
Acer p-eudo-platanus, L. (Mock Plane

Tree.) wood.)
Rosacee.
Amelanchier canadensis, L. (June-berry.)
Ericacez.
Vaccinium corymbosum, L. (Huckle- Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, Lam.
berry.) (Huckleberry.) |
Urticacee. ,
Ulmus americana, L. (Am. Elm.) | Ulmus fulva, Michx. (Slippery Elm.)

Platanacee.

Platanus oce:déntalis, L. (Sycamore.)

Juglandacee.

Carya alba, L. (Shell-bark Hickory.)

Juglans cinerea, L. (Butternut.)
Carya microcarpa, Nutt. (Small Fruited

Juglans nigra, L. (Black Walnut.)

Hickory.)
Cupulifere.
Betula alba, L. (White Birch.) | Quercus coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.)
Carpinus Americana, Michx. (Horn- Quercus macrocarpa, Michx. (Bur Oak. )
beam.) Quercus palustris, Du Roi. (Pin Oak.)

Corylus rostrata, Ait. ( Hazel.) Fagus ferruginea, Ait. (Beech.)

Corylus Americana, Walt. (Hazel.) Quercus tinctoria, Bart. (Black Oak.)
Quercus alba, L. (White Oak.)

[Nos ra
PYROPHILA PYRAMIDOIDES, Guen.

Vitacez.

Vitis cordifolia, Michx. (Winter Grape.) Vitis labrusca, L. Northern Fox
Grape.)

Leguminose.

Cercis canadensis, L. (Judas Tree.)

Rosacee.

Rubus villosus, Ait. (Blackberry.)
Pyrus malus, L. (Apple.)
Pyrus communis. (Pear.)

Prunus virginiana, L. (Choke Cherry.)
Prunus serotina, Ehr. (Wild Black
Cherry.)

Hamamelacee.

Liquidambar styraciflua, L. (Sweet Gum.)

Caprifoliacez.

Viburnum dentatum, L. (Arrow-wood.)

Juglandacez.
Carya alba, L. (Shell-bark Hickory.) Carya sulcata, Willd.
Carya amara, Nutt. (Bitter-nut.)
Cupulifere.

Quercus alba, L. (White Oak.)
Quercus macrocarpa, Michx. (Bur Oak.)
Quercus palustris, Du Roi. (Pin Oak.)

Quercus rubra, L. (Red Oak.)
Quercus coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.)
Quercus tinctoria, Bart. (Black Oak.)

Salicacee.

Populus balsamifera, L. (Balsam i Populus grandidentata, Michx. (Large-
Poplar.) toothed Aspen.)

Populus dilatata, L. (Lombardy Poplar.) Populus tremuloides, Michx. (American

Populus monilifera, Ait. (Cotton-wood.) Aspen.)

ALLEGHENY, Pa., May 31st, 1888.
Epitor ENToMOLOGICA AMERICANA,

Dear S1r:—Permit me to make a few remarks on a paper in the
April number of Ento. Am., ‘‘Thoroughness in Entomological Tables,”
which I read with some amazement. The writer, as I interpred it, ex-
hibits the Classification of the Coleoptera of North America, the various
tables of genera, synopses, &c., as examples of synthetic work, not very
perfect however; and classes their several authors as ‘‘Synthesists with a
philanthropic desire,” etc.

A greater misconception can scarcely be imagined and how it oc-
cured is outside of my apprehension, but there it is in printers’ ink.

The state of Coleopterological Science in this or any other country,
as is well known, ‘does not permit more than the feeblest attempts at syn-
thetic work ; Dr. Leconte tried a single genus—JVeéria, Lec., U. S. Geol.
Surv. Bul. 4, No. 2, p. 473.

In Europe, the learned Dr. D. Sharp, after giving.an exhaustive .

analysis of the Dytscide of the world, tried his hand at a synthetic ex-
hibition. Any one desirous of seeing Analysis and Synthesis in one view
would do well to consult this scholarly memoir.

Again, the author has trouble with a hypothetical Badis/er which he
can not trace to the proper genus by the tables in the Classification, page
21, without resorting to a lengthy empirical process. How he expected
to gain the desired end from what he declares a synthetic composition by
an analytical method is not very evident, but he states the scheme would
work well enough, if the tables were ‘‘longer and more complex” and if
every thing else was right. In school pupils are reprimanded for offering
a criticism without the proper correction. Were the author to present a
sample of some coleopterological work as he conceives it should be done
for comparison with that done by others, the value of the two systems or
plans could be better estimated. If, as he says, ‘‘the present method of
tabular statements of genera and species inflicts such great incon-
venience and loss of time upon our students,” and the author knows of
a better as he intimates, by giving Science the benefit of his discovery all
would cordially recognize in him a benefactor, and especially the writer.
A single genus would do as a sample, as Brachynus; or a small family
might be exhibited, say the He/eroceride or the Crorde, all of which are
as yet virgin soil as it were—unoccupied territory. The above is not
written in the spirit of captious criticism but as a candid expression of
the opinion of the writer on the points treated of.

Yours &c.,
Joun HamirrTon.

a

————

Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement
of Science.

The Annual meeting of the above Association will be held in the
city of Cleveland, Ohio, August, 1888.

The entomological section will hold its first meeting in the High
School Building, 9 A. M., August 15th.

It is very much desired that the meeting of the section be as suc-
cessful as possible. And we therefore urge not only the attendance of
Entomologists but as well specific preparation against the meetings that
there may bea presentation of papers and a taking part in discussion
which will make the meetings a profit and an inspiration. Dr. A. J. Cook
of Agricultural College, Mich. is the Secretary of the section and we
are earnestly requested by him to ask entomologists to send to him as
soon as possible the subjects of intended papers and before the meeting,
as well abstracts of the same

> +.»___

The American Museum of Natural History at Central Park, New
York, has secured the services of Mr. William Beutenmiiller as Curator
of the Entomological Department. Mr. Beutenmiller has for several
years made a general study of Entomology and more lately has made a
specialty of the Tineidae The Central Park collection which formerly
contained many types of Grote and Robinson as well as those of Robin-
son's Tortricide has been almost totally destroyed by Az/hrenus—and
what is left is practically valueless. The officials have taken now the
right step for a collection, in securing for what is obtained in the future,
the care of a very promising and active Entomologist.

—————uwW+QeYS_————

Book Notices.

We have received Bulletin No. 2 of the Experiment Station of Florida.

In this Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead of Jacksonville who has been ap-
pointed Entomologist publishes notes on various insect pests.

We wish however to call attention to the fact that in this report he
describes two new species of Diptera, Aphidius flavicoxa and Pachyneuron
maidaphidis.

We have no objection whatever that descriptions of new species
should be given in these bulletins and corresponding publications and
reports. But we do claim that thereby the author is doing work which
will entail no end of trouble and vexation on posterity. We have now
or soon will have some 40 or more Experiment Stations tach under law
publishing a Bulletin at least every three months. If original descriptions
made in these are to be recognized, one can see what a library—almost
entirely waste paper to him—the Entomologist must have, if, indeed, he
can obtain these reports. It is an easy matter for every describer of new
species to have the species as well published in some regular Entomo-
logical journal and in the interest of future Scientists we beg that this may
always be done.

This is said only as the report before us gives us the occasion. Some
of our best Entomologists not recognizing the evil have described in
State or United States Bulletins and Reports only, and so have unwittingly

eee

set a very bad example. We hope such of our Entomologists as may
indulge in species building hereafter will see that their descriptions are
published where students have a right to look for them and can without
waste of time and labor find them.

ee oe

Society News.

The Brooklyn Entomological Society met June 5th. 17 members present.

The Treasurer reported all bills paid—cash in hand $26.48, and outstanding
credits of nearly $100.

The special order of the evening—the question of uniting with the Brooklyn In-
stitute and becoming its entomological section—was taken up and it was unanimously
resolved that the Brooklyn Entomological Society accept the invitation of the Brook-
lyn Institute to unite with it upon the terms offered, with the understanding it would
be on the basis that the Brooklyn Entomological Society will not surrender it cor-
porate existence. A committee was appointed, consisting of Messrs. Graet, Roberts,
Pearsall and Hulst, to meet with the authorities of the Brooklyn Institute and make
final arrangements for the completion of the proposed co-operative union.

A paper by Dr. John Hamilton of Allegheny, Penn.. was read on the subject
** Thoroughness in Entomological Tables”’* being a brief review of an article in
Ento. Am. by Lieut. Casey on the same subject.. The paper elicited considerable
discussion.

A paper by Mr. W. G. Wright of San Bernardino, Cal.,** giving a very interest-
account of the life history of tht most elegant of American butterflies—Lycena sonor-
ensis—was also read. The meeting closed with exhibition and identification of
specimens.

Ento. Soc. Washington, June 7th, 1888. | Nine members present. Prof.
Riley read some notes on Pronuéba and Yucca pollination, in refutation of Mr. Hulst’s
conclusion in Ento. Am., vol. II, p. 184. He explained why, in his opinion pollination
by bees is almost impossible, and gave in some detail the results of experiments in
artificial pollination. Finally he is more than ever confirmed in his published views
on this subject. Some discussion on this paper was had between Prof. Riley, Messrs.
Schwarz, Howard and Smith, largely in relerence to habits of bees.

Prof. Riley exhibited some new and interesting Micro-Lepidoptera, among them
types of a new genus which he will describe as Wa/singhamia and of a new S?methis
which he will describe as S. fermaldi. He also made some remarks on the Hessian-
fly showing that all references to the occurence of the species prior to the Revolution
said to be found in the minutes of the Philosophical Soc. were based on an error, and
Dr. Hagen’s arguments based on this point, fail.

Mr. Howard showed drawings of a new and remarkable Chadécid from California
which he proposes to call Azleya splendens. The genus is compared with Ceraptero-
cerus, Westwood, differing as follows: Face not elbowed in the middle so as to give
a triangular profile to the head, but is gently rounded and has a strong glistening
transverse clean-cut ridge just above the insertion of the antennze, which are stouter,
and with a more concave scape than with Cerapterocerus. The mesoscutellum has a
strong tuft of erect black hairs as in Chz/oneurws, but which is lacking in Ceraptero-
cerus. The stigmal vein is given off immediately at the juncture of the submarginal
with the costa, and is a trifle longer than the postmarginal. The submarginal is 31/,
times as long as the stigmal. The postmarginal, the distal third of the submarginal,
and the wing disc just below this last, heavily clothed with short, stout bristles. The
body is highly polished and the wings are not hyaline. The metanotal spiracles are
large, long-oval and oblique, and the abdominal spiracles are very prominently
tufted. Ovipositor protruded only in specimens killed*in the act of oviposition.

Messrs. Howard, Riley and Schwarz discussed the methods of oviposition in
some Parasites, and the uses of the often strangely modified antennze of the ©.

Mr. Schwarz read a list of Termetophitus Coleoptera found in the U.S. with
notes on the species. The probable habits of the species and connection with their
hosts was discussed by Messrs. Schwarz, Howard and Riley.

Joun B. SmituH, Rec. Secretary.

* Published in the present number, p. 78.
** Published in the present number, pp. 71 and 72.

‘
‘

pt DP

See ee

bey

Cr
AMERIGANA

VOL. IV. BROOKLYN, AUGUST, 1888. NO. 5.

Preliminary Survey of the CICAD/EA of the United
States, Antilles, and Mexico.

Jone Jes) Ike, WWhenesaye

(Continued from page 23, Vol. IV.)

3. P. minor, new sp.

Form nearly that of P. putnamz ; color a bronze black, more highly polished
upon the tergum than elsewhere ; the surface, excepting the tergum and notum in-
vested with long gray, or yellowish hairs and with white hairs around the meso-
thoracic cross. Head and thorax minutely rough and wrinkled, overspread with
minute appressed bronze thread-scales. Vertex transversely scooped out anteriorly,
and broadly sinuated between the eyes and posterior margin; middle of the base
longitudinally excavated, and having a nearly complete impressed line each side ; an-
tennz stout, black, the basal joint tipped with yellow, the apical joint testaceous,
supra-antennal plate orange yellow ; front having the sulcus distiact from the base to
below the middle, and thence expanding and becoming effaced, with the margins
distinctly carinated, and the transverse grooves distinct ; face and epistoma with long
blackish and white hairs; outer margin of the cheeks and a faint dot at the base of
vertex in the groove yellow. Pronotum sub-quadrangular, wrinkled, the middle line
obsoletely impressed anteriorly, convex and polished posteriorly ; the lateral margins
moderately curved, sinuated before the humeral angles, which latter are blunt tri-
angular and turned up, posterior margin feebly concave with the edge yellow ;
pleural pieces, flaps and acetabule margined more or less broadly with yellow ; the
whole underside bronze-black, minutely scabrous, densely coated with silvery scales
and long white hairs. Legs flavo-piceous, clothed with long remote white hairs and
bristles, the coxee, knees, and tarsi dark piceous. Wing-covers hyaline, somewhat
tinged with fulvous at base, the nervures of the apical cells, as well as the one form-
ing the inner margin, piceous black, the radial nervure paler piceous ; posterior
limbs of the mesothoracic cross and surface each side thereof white ; membrane of
base of wings and basal portion of nervures white.

Lo eee

Length to tip of anal prolongation 16—17 mm.; to tip of closed wings 22--23
mm.; width of base of pronotum 53/,—6 mm.

Only. males of this neat little species have been brought to my notice.
The cell opened by the separation of the postcostal ulnar nervure from
the postcostal one is longer in this than in the other species. Three spe-
cimens examined {rom Southern California.

Mr. Morrison secured for me, in Nevada, several very small speci-
mens:belonging to this genus Platypedia, which measure only 17—18
mm. to the tip of the closed wing-covers ; but they appear to be only
dwarfed specimens of P. pu/namt.. Thev are not nearly as hairy as the
new species here described, and chiefly display in miniature the charac-
teristics of P. pu‘nami, as we find it in the same section of our country

By counting the postcostal areole as the first ulnar, we have six
areoles across the wing-cover, instead of the usual five. The commonly
cited second ulnar (third of our method) is longer and more nearly tri-
angular in the new than in the other species previously described.

Platypedia putnamz is figured in Proceedings of the Davenport Aca-
demy:. of Natural Sciences, Vol. II, 1880, pl. IV, fig. 2, 3.

CALYRIA, Stael.
1
C. occidentis, Walk. (Cefha/oxys,) British Mus. List. Homopt. Suppl. p. 36.

Calyria virginea, Stel. Stettin Enf. Zeit., Vol. XXV, 1864, p. 56,
379. Distant, Biol. Cent. Amer. Homopt., p. 19, I.

Hitherto found only near Vera Cruz, Mexico; unless narrow speci-
mens of AZelampsalta parvula, Say, which lack one of the apical areoles
of the wings, should prove to be the same as the Mexican form given as
~the type. Several specimens of JZ, parvula have been examined by my-
self, in which six apical areoles were present in the one wing and five in
the opposite one.

PRUNASIS, Stael.
P. venosa, new sp.

Pale green, or*faded straw yellow, feebly pubescent ; form nearly the same as
that of AZ/ampsala parvula, but with the abdomen less contracted at tip. Vertex
with a belt of large dusky spots extending from eye to eye, but sometimes obsolete,
so as to leave only one large spot on the centre and enclosing the ocelli ; supra-anten-
nal plates more or less dusky ; front banded with fuscous between the transverse
ridges, the middle line infuscated wider above and interrupted there by a dagger-
shaped yellow mark ; antennz yellow, piceous at tip of second joint and base of
third’; rostrum reaching to near the tip of posterior coxze, with the apex more or less
infuscated. Pronotum transverse, smooth on the middle line with the oblique im-
pressed lines each side well defined, and the surface curvedly wrinkled between them;
the lateral margins feebly sinuated, very narrow, but abruptly expanded, reflexed
and impressed at the humeri ; meso-notum moderately convex, a little sinuated each
side, with four ob-deltoid obscure fuscous spots, of which the two inner are very

—

—83—

short, or even obsolete ; the tip scale-like, arched, and feebly sinuated at tip with the
inner bars of the cross terminated with black ; mesosternal process acute, deeply sul-
cated, and with the edge strongly reflexed. Wing-covers milky-hyaline, with the
costa, basal, and ulnar veins green, but with the veins of the discoidal areoles (except
at base), and those of the apical. areoles piceous-black, sometimes with the latter
bordered also with piceous. Opercula confined to the basal segment, narrow, placed
obliquely, subreniform ; the metasternum very wide between them, triangularly pro-
duced over the following segment, scale-like, subtruncate at tip, tymbals delicate,
small, subovate, separated by a wide, pubescent segment, which has a broad triang-
ular emargination behind. Superior genital flaps accuminate and recurved at tip.
Length to tip of abdomen 11—13 mm. Expanded wing covers 31—32 mm.
Width of pronotum across the middle 3!/,—4 mm.
From Middle and Southern Texas, not on the coast. Only males
have thus far been examined ; three specimens of which are at present in
my collection. The venation is coarser than in any of the small Cicadas

which I have had the opportunity to examine.

PROARNA, Stael.
1. P. pulverea, Oliv. (Cicada,) Enc. Meth., V, p. 759. No. 61, Germar, Thon.
" Ent. Archiv, Il, p. 43;, 82.
Proarna pulverea, Stx\. Stettin Ent. Zeit., Vol. XXV, 1864, p. 61.

Vera Cruz, Cordova and other parts of Mexico. I have examined
in all fifteen specimens of this insect from various localities and find it to
be fully as variable as P. a/dida, Oliv. trom Costa Rica. As the absence
or presence of the vittze upon the vertex, marking of the scutellum and
intensity of color of the spots on the wing-covers vary according to the
condition of the specimen and its preparation after capture. I see no
reason to separate it from the typical P. grisea, Fabr., as described by
Dr. Stel. The prominence of the front &c. depends in part upon the de-
gree of shrinkage to which a specimen has been subjected after death.
Only well matured specimens of the Hemiptera should be used in draw-
ing up descriptions ; as all others will give only’ unsatisfactory and de-
ceptive inferences. Besides, if the head is shrunken a little into the thorax,
so as to raise the fore part of the vertex to a somewhat higher level, the
front will appear correspondingly more prominent. The mode of curing »
and drying specimens of the Cicadea makes an important difference in
their value for classification, as I have had occasion to know, full well in
the tropics, and more abundantly in handling hundreds of specimens of
T. septendecim and other species in various parts of North America. Both
sexes, too, are almost indispensable in correctly organizing species, as
the one supplements the other in yielding distinctive characters.

2. P. albida, Oliv. (Cicada,) Enc. Meth. V, p. 755, No. 39.
Proarna albida, Ste\. Scettin Ent. Zeit., Vol. XXV, 1864. p. 61.

One specimen from Southern Mexico. ‘This seems to be a. very

gee

common species in Costa Rica and near Panama. I have seen, also,
specimens from Demerara, and from the region of the lower Amazon,
beyond Para.

It is a much narrower form than the P. pulverea, Oliv., and has the
curved vein of the costal anastomosis more slender, and not black as in
that species.

Forms which partly connect the two foregoing species occur at San-
tarem, also in Peru near the headwaters: of the Amazon, also others in
the province of Rio de Janeiro, and near Montevideo. The males in
this section of the genus usually have a spur at the apex of the tegulz.

3. P. sallei, Stael. (voarna,) Stettin Ent. Zeit., Vol. XXV, 1864, p. 61.
Inhabits the vicinity of Vera Cruz, Mexico.

4. P. championi, Dist. Biol. Cent. Amer. Hemipt. Homopt. 1881, p. 12, No. 4.
It has been taken in the province of Tamaulipas, and other parts of

Mexico, and has been reported by Mr, Distant as having been found in
Guatemala and Costa Rica.

5. P. signifera, Walk. (Cécada,) British Mus. List Homopt. Suppl., p. 22.
Proarna signifera, Dist. Biol. Cent. Amer. Homopt., 1881,
£3, INOS 5.

This appears to be a common species in Northern Mexico; but Mr.
Distant cites other localities for it, as Orizaba, Valladolid in Yucatan, and
Torola, Guatemala.

6. P. maura, Dist. Biol. Cent. Amer. Homopt., 1881, p. 13, pl. II, fig. 5.

This is a common species in Mexico and is very variable in size. It
is reported also from Yucatan by Mr. Distant.

7. P. longirostris, Dist. Biol. Cent. Amer. Homopt., 1881, p. 13, pl. II, fig. 4

Inhabits Mexico. It resembles the preceeding species in form, but
has a much longer rostrum, and lacks the broad tract at the base of the
wings.

8. P. valvata, new sp.

Robust, form nearly that of P. maura, Dist., piceous-black. Head including the
eyes scarcely wider than the fore part of the pronotum; vertex depressed, transversely
impressed, and excavated at each end of the impression; three longitudinal deeply
impressed lines, of which the middle one is interrupted by the central ocellus, and
the Jateral ones start above in a concavity and unite below with the boundary incis-
ures of the front ; an oval ochreous spot occupies a sunken spot before the central
ocellus, a similar spot is placed at the upper end of each lateral incised line, the an-
terior margin of the supra-antennal plate is also ochreous, and there is a long ovate
spot of the same color on the summit of the front ; face tawny or testaceous, sericeous
pubescent, front having the middle impressed line obsolete, the costate lines sharply
defined each side ; rostrum reaching to behind the middle coxz ; antenne tawny

———E—

testaceous. Pronotum piceous, minutely pubescent, convex, much narrowed an-
teriorly, the fore-margin moderately arcuated, with the edge reflexed, an interrupted
hooked ochreous vitta runs from near the inner corner next the eye to the transverse
impressed line dividing the lobes, a spot of the same color near the anterior angle,
and a diagonal vitta near the humeral angle; the two exterior areas of the disk
marked with curved coarse wrinkles, posterior lobe depressed, transversely wrinkled,
having the posterior angles produced, long, wide, with the outer corners a little
rounded ; mesonotum convex, minutely pubescent densely and finely shagreened,
marked with a twice-looped ochreous line which runs back to behind the middle of
the disk, limbs of the mesothoracie cross yellow, connected anteriorly with a short
curved streak of the same color, reflexed posterior and lateral margins also ochreous,
the latter covered with silvery pubescence when fresh ; cavities each side and before
the cross also silvery pubescent. Exposed part of the metanotum, and adjoining
margin of the abdominal segment ochreous. Wings hyaline, tinged with dull ochre-
ous at base, veins of the wing covers testaceous (green when fresh?) more or less in-
terrupted with fuscous, the costal nervure fuscous, margined and interrupted with
testaceous, excepting the apical portion, the two transverse veins which are marked
with the brand a little curved,—the brand is either present or absent, or sometimes
forms only a faint vestige ; apical series of nervures fuscous in old specimens; nerv-
ures of the wings greenish-testaceous, those of the forward portion and bases of all
the coarser nervures fuscous. Beneath testaceous or pale green, pruinose, minutely
pubescent. Legs fringed with close white hair, the anterior and middle tibiz, the
anterior femora and tarsi, tips of the tarsi, nails and spines piceous. Opercula
pale, long and wide, overlapping along their inner margin, broadly rounded behind,
extending far back, so as to leave only five ventral segments fully exposed. Abdomen
blunt conical, tergum piceous, but with the base, last segment, excepting the black
patch at tip, and a large sub-quadrate spot on the segments next behind the tymbals,
ochreous. Areoles of the wing-covers generally wider than in P. maura, Last seg-
ment of venter and also the inferior genital segment of the male triangular emarginate;
superior genital cover acuminate.

Length to tip of abdomen 28—30 mm.; to tip of closed wing-covers 42—45 mm.
Width across base of pronotum 12!/,—13 mm.

Several specimens of this species have passed through my hands,
but at present only three males remain in my collection. One of these
is from the vicinity of the Pecos river in Texas, and the others were
captured in Arizona. A male specimen from Camp Grant, Arizona, had

a much longer rostrum than the types, and it was also destitute of the
brown brand of the wing-covers.

> -—____——_--

To the Food Plants of Empretia stimulea given by Mr. Beutenmiiller
we can add from personal observation Prunus cerasus (Common Cherry)
and Smilax rotundifolia (Catbrier). Indeed, we have it found more
commonly upon the latter than upon any other food plant. Mr. Hubbard
reports it feeding upon the Orange in Florida.

To the food plants of Apavela americana we can add Rubus villosus
(Blackberry) and Rodinia pseudacacia (Locust). G. Ds) te

ak -F ei

HANDLING WASPS WITHOUT HARM.
(UE W ‘tlder in Science.)

‘It is a fact not generally known that if one holds his breath wasps,
bees, and hornets can be handled with impunity. The skin becomes
sting-proof, and, holding the insect by the feet and giving her full hberty
of action, you can see her drive her weapon against the impenetrable
surface with a force that lifts her body with every stroke; but let the
smallest quantity of air escape from the lungs and the sting will penetrate
at once. I have never seen an exception to this in 25 years’ observation.
I have taught young ladies with very delicate hands to astonish their
friends by the performance of this feat, and I saw one so severely stung
as to require the services of a physician through laughing at a witty re-
mark of her sister, forgetting that laughing required breath. For a theory
in explanation I am led to believe that holding the breath partially closes
the pores of the skin. My experiments in that direction have not been
exact enough to be of any scientific value, but I am satisfied that it very
sensibly affects the amount of insensible perspiration. ”

The above is sent us by Mr. J. B. Smith, who adds:—‘‘I tried

it with a Q Polistes and got stung just as I expected.”

We think it very probable (if the whole matter be not intended as
a practical joke to lead credulous people to suffer from their credulity, )
that the author of the above has happened to have experience only with
male specimens of the Hymenoptera. In these parts and in Washington
also, as we should judge from Mr. Smith’s experience, it takes more than
a holding of the breath to cause the aggressive activity of the business end
of a 9 wasp or hornet to drop into ‘*innocuous desuetude.” We will
however keep the matter in mind, and when next time we find the. irre-
pressible ‘‘small boy” daring the wrath of Bumblebees for the sake of a
few cells of honey, will tell him of this ‘‘easy method,” and will at a safe
distance from boy and bee watch how it works. If we were given to
betting, we would give odds that afier the experiment there would be no
holding of the “small boy’s” breath. G: “DIME,

oe

In the Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 1887, Vol. 48; p. 314, the
following ‘‘self-acting” apparatus for separating the Insects from siftings
is described :-—‘‘ Into a wide-mouthed bottle place a cork through which
the stem of a wide glass funnel is fitted. Place the siftings into a round
pasteboard box which fits snugly to the mouth of the funnel and punch
into the bottom a series of small holes. The Insects will make for the
gleams of light, get out through the holes and eventually drop into the
bottle below.”—All extremely ingenious, whether practical or not is an-
other question ! J. B. Smrru.

A Revised Generic Table of the CHALCIDIN~A.
By Witiram H. ASHMEAD.

Jacksonville, Florida.

TABLE OF GENERA.
aintennse inserted near or not far from the mouth... ...........ccees cece ee seee &
Antenne inserted on the middle of the face or slightly below it.

Head without long projections in front and not deeply excavated........- Bare.
Head with long projections and deeply excavated.

Metathorax strongly bidentate.

AMLEM MES MTZ =] OUMECH yeas sbe chi cisle oeys weiss welos = (Gen. 1) Dirrhinus, Dalman,
PNG TAME MTA I OUNCE Ne ide a sacsie siete fore | Saeterate.ote. ales oe {Gen. 2) Eniaca, Kirby.
PROEMeuMmMpaAnMed ;OL PLOGUCEdE: vig. vevss) cates ese nce acs gee aeelaeees ae

Scutellum unarmed.

Metathosax with a lateraltoothvar projéctions. 220-21. 2¢s.ee cnc velea ee cle ee
Metathorax not toothed, without projections.

Oriposirormo mong wstially IiAGeM specie <vivc c= ede ciel; eta is ce wets eaecels 3
Ovipositor exserted longer than the body.

Posterior femora armed with about 8 teeth...... (G. 3) Podagrion, Spinola.

Posterior femora with one large tooth, followed by several smaller ones......

(G. 4) Protoceras, Kirby.

Abdomen not much produced

Abdomen much produced.

Us

Antennze 13-jointed ; abdomen acutely roundedly produced...........-.....-

(G. 5) Phasgonophora, Westwood.
Antenne I1-jointed.

*Abdomen triangularly produced......./........ (G. 6) Trigonura, Sichels.
** Abdomen produced into a long slender stylus ..(G. 7) Thaumatelia, Kirby
Pravin cll estibicesSPUrneds., «i. ashe eo! ararys aunvetelees ye e/a ce sieve Sy ee cys eee ncaleye sistenoeie es ana3

Middle tibize not spurred.
Antennz 12- or 13-jointed.
Posterior femora armed with one or two teeth, followed by numerous smaller
Giles Kee ARON gO OOO One B RMte aDee ¢ Pope nan cer (G. 8) Smicra, Spinola.
Antenne 14-jointed.
First abdominal segment occupying most of its surface...................--
(G. 9) Epitranus, Walker.
5 Posterior femora armed with many small teeth.
Petiole long ; abdomen conic ovate.......... (G. 10) Spilochalcis, Thomson.
Petiole very short ; abdomen sub-globose.......... (G. 11) Chalcis, Fabricius.
6 Metathorax with 2 projections on each side; posterior femora armed with 6 to 8
JAE PerteeinsnperIOleslONe; 2.2). .2% « secs nears (G. 12) Diplodontia, n. g.

Metathorax with one large tooth on each side ; posterior femora armed with 6
IEEE ETAT 8 oe EA eee nn Re ee ....(G. 13) Metadontia, n. g.

EE 0 ees

7 Scutellum with a short, thick projection behind.
*Petiole short.

Metathorax with two teeth on each side ; posterior femora armed with 7 or §

ECU see ero rete terinee. kia tve acs eee (G. 14) Pseudochalcis, Kirby.
Scutellum ending in a raised bidentate plate ; posterior femora regularly denti-
Gulate antennce £2-jointed) sane eee (G. 15) Megalocolus, Kirby.

**Petiole long.
Scutellum bidentate.
Metathorax unarmed.
Hind coxz with leaf-like projections; antennz 14-jointed ; posterior
femora armed with one large tooth and several smaller ones :
(G. 16) Epinzeus, Kirby.
Metathorax with two teeth on each side.

Posterior femora armed with one large tooth and 5 or 6 smaller ones ;

ANS HEMEL § noe gooacanononeok (G. 17) Stypiura, Kirby.
Posterior femora with numerous depressed punctures and with large
teethi-santennse te jOmteds serve eee (G, 18) Epitelia, Kirby.

8 Petiole short.
Ovipositor exserted as long as the abdomen. .(G. 19) Acanthochalcis, Cameron.
Ovipositor short, usually hidden ; posterior tibize 2-spurred.
BOStegonmiemoraxtOOthed oh snic «cchve.a cheek wie eRian aieie cos eee tear aaa ee 9
Posterior femora not toothed.
Metathorax without spines.

Scutellum usually bidentate, seldom simple.

PAMILEMIMeS ET N= JOULE erenveretyterertictsiete « oeetek reel ee (G. 20) Stomatocera, Kirby.

AWTS MME PION Ohes ouemecebco eae (G. 21) Antrocephalus, Kirby.

ANataoMes NEI TOMMEGWS Sevbhiaceagrace + ace aoa0ce (G. 22) Haltichella, Spinola.

Scutellum produced into a long spine.............-. (G. 23) Aspirhina, Kirby.
Metathorax with a spine on each side.

Antennz 1I2-jointed ; wings variegated.......... (G. 24) Trichoxenia, Kirby.

b Metathorax with’ a. projection‘on each side |... ¢ fis <2 cic cea eth eee 10

Metathorax without projections at sides.

Posterior femora with a single large tooth ; antennz 12-jointed...............
(G. 25) Notaspis, Walker.

Posterior femora with a prominent projection in the middle ; antennee r1-jointed
(G. 26) Euchalcis, Dufour.

Nul(omiatzs ite Olah MiMi dae one dNGomuce cone Lanse: (G. 27) Neochalcis, Kirby.
Posterior femora with two obtuse teeth and minutely denticulate....... ......
(G. 28) Hockeria, Walker.

Posterior femora armed with one large tooth and finely serrated ; petiole long. .
(G. 29) Anacryptus, Kirby.

Posterior femora with 7 large teeth........... (G. 30) Chalcitella, Westwood.
Posterior femora with many small teeth.......... (G. 31) Arretocera, Kirby.
Posterior femora with the apical half minutely denticulate....................
(G. 32) Conura, Spinola.

ToRAntenn2sim ple, L2-jOmteden i. et tel ean (G. 33) Hybothorax, Ratzburg.
Antenne) fabellate, To-jointed|...2.,01.0J4neeeaanee: (G. 34) Hippota, Walker.

4

segs

LIST of the SPHINGIDA of TEMPERATE
NORTH AMERICA.

By Joun B. Smrru.

The following synonymical List embodies the results of my studies
in this family now in press, as a monograph of the family.

In order to assist in the Cabinet arrangement of the species, and to
bring in a condensed form the synonymy this list is presented somewhat
in advance of the monograph. The complete bibliography, as well as
the basis of the synonymy will be given <lsewhere.

A few species now in the Grote List of 1882, will be found missing
here. They are forms not properly to be credited to the fauna of tem-
parate North America, as I hope to show on some future occasion.

Family SPHINGIDA.

Sub-family MACROGLOSSIN 2.
Hemaris Dalm.

1 palpalis Gré.
2 thetis Baz. ‘
metathetis Butl.
3 rubens £advw.
senta Sirk.
4 cynoglossum Law.
5 tenuis Griz.
Jumosa Suk.
6 diffinis Bdv.
Suciformis TS. & A.
athra Sirk.
me ast ariseG. ce ft:

marginalis Grt.

~

grofer Butl.

gracilis G. & R.

thysbe Faédr.
pelasgus Cram.
cimbiciformis Steph.
efolus Bdv.
Suscicaudis Wik.

var. ruficaudis Kzrby.
uniformis G. K&R.

[o6)

15
16

20

21

22

2S

pyramus Bdvy.
floridensis G. & R.
var. buffaloensis G. & R.

Lepisesia Grt.
flavofasciata Barnst.
ulalume S7r,
euterpe Law.
phaeton G. & R.

errato Bdv.
clarkize Baz.

victorie Grit.
circee Ldw.
gaure S. & A.
var. juanita S7rk,

Sub-family CHGZROCAMPIN 2.
fEllopos Hbn.

fadus Cram.
titan Cram.
annulosum Swains.
balteata Kirt).
tantalus Zznn.
tripunctata Goeze.
sonata Dru.
zxion Linn.

Enyo Hbn.
lugubris Lin.
Segeus Cram.
camertus Cram.
luctuosus Bdv.
Amphion Hbn.

nessus Cram.

Thyreus Swains.
abbotii Szazns.

Deidamia Clem.
inscriptum arr.

Deilephila Ochs.
gallii
var. Chameenerii Harr.

—9gI—

epilobu Harr.

intermedia Kirby.

canadensis Gn.
24 lineata Fadr.

daucus Cram,

oxybapht Clem.

Chcerocampa Dup.
25 tersa Linn.
Argeus Hbn.

26 labruscze Lznm.
clothe Fabr.

Pachylia WIk.
27 ‘ficus Linn.
cramert Ménét.’
Zyncea Clem. |
venezuelensis Schauf.
Philampelus Harr.

28 linnei G. & &.
vitis { Cram.
Sasciatus { Grt.
29g vitis Zann.
jussieue Abn.
(Pasciatus Sulz.
30 pandorus Hén.
satellitia { Harr.
ampelophaga Bdv.
31 achemon Dru.
crantor Cram.
Ampelophaga Brem. & Gray.
32 cheerilus Cram.
clorinda Martyn.
azalee S. & A.
33. myron Cram.
pampinatrix 8. & A.
var. cnotus F7én.,
34 versicolor Harr.

Sub-family SPHINGIN &.
Amphonyx Poey.
35 anteus Dru.

jatrophe Fabr.
Aydaspes Cram.
medor Cram,

Dilophonota Burm.

36 ello Lenn.
37. obscura Faér.

stheno Hbn.

rhebus Badv.
38 «meriane Griz.

omphalce Bav.
39 ©«edwardsii Bui.
40 melancholica Grt
41 festa dw.

Cautethia Grt.
42 grotei Edw,
noctuiformis } HS.

ee Protoparce Burm.

43 celeus Burm.
quinquemaculata Haw.
carolina { Don.

44 carolina Linn.

45 rustica adr,
chionantht S. & A.

46 cingulata Fadr.
afinis Goetze.
convolvulh ¢ Dru.
pungens Eschsch.
druret Don.

var. decolorata Law.
Sphinx Linn.

47 kalmie S. & A.

48 drupiferaram S, & A.
vancouverensis Edw.

var. utahensis Law.

49 perelegans Edw.

50 gordius Cram.
pecia Steph.

51 luscitiosa Clem.

52 albescens Zepper.

53 vashti S7r&.

well

67

68

69

7O

yf!
72

73

libocedrus Ldw.
chersis /7én.
cinerea Harr.
oreodaphne Edw.
insolita Lev.
pinastri Len.
saniptrt Strk.
sequoiz Bdv.
“Sf coniferarum { Wik.
dollii Meum.
coloradus Smith.
elsa S7rk.
canadensis Bdv.
plota ~trk
lugens WZ,
eremitoides Sirk.
merops Bdvy.
andromedea Bdv.
sordida { Clem.
separatus Neum.
eremitus /7é2.
sordida Harr.
plebeius adr.
cupressi Bdv.
Dolba WIk.
hyleeus Dra.
prin s. & A.
Chiznogramma Smith.
jasminearum Laz,
Ceratomia Harr.

amyntor /Zén.

guadricornis Harr.
undulosa W7f.

bronies { Bdv.

repentinus Clem.
hageni Gri.
catalpe Bay,

Ellema Clem.

harrisii Clem.

coniferarum { Harr.
ab, bombycoides WZ.

ved

78

79

pineum Linz.
coniferarum §. & A.
cana Martyn.
Exedrium Grt.
halicarnize S7rk.

Sub-family SMERINTHINZ.

Triptogon Brem.

modesta Harr.
princeps Wk.
populicola Bav.
cable: Von Reiz.
var. occidentalis Law.
wmperator Strk.
Smerinthus Latr.
geminatus Say.
var, jamaicensis Dru.

- ocellatus Fabr.
var. tripartitus Gz,
ophthalmicus Baz.
var. pallidulus Zdw.
var. vancouverensis Bui.
cerysil Azrby

astarte Strk.

Paonias Hbn.

excecatus S. & A.

pavonina Geyer.
myops S. & A.

rosacearum Bdv.

“jamaicensis { Butl.
astylus Dru.

mtegerrima Harr.

70 Bdv.
Cressonia G. & R.
juglandis S. & A.
robinsoni Butl.
pallens Strk.
Arctonotus Bdy.
lucidus Bday.

Breeding Habits of Amphicerus bicaudatus.
By H. G. Husparp.

The larva of this beetle, as observed by me at Crescent City, Fla.,
lives in the underground stems of a species of Smilax. This plant is a
strong-growing vine, forming at or just below the surface of the ground
immense tangles of thickened rhizomes which receive the local name
‘‘briar root.” The living roots are receptacles in which the plant stores
upon abundant supply of starch for the nourishment of the vigorous
young shoots. At the periods of growth these exhaust certain portions
of the subterranean stem which then die and become dry and pithy. The
dead ‘‘roots” are dark red in color and appear to contain a large amount
of tannin. In this condition they form favorite nesting places for Amphi-
cerus bicaudatus and are riddled with their burrows. The larvae may be
found in large numbers, excavating cylindrical galleries in the pith, and
traversing its substance in every direction. They were first observed at
Crescent City in the Spring and early Summer 1884, boring into a large
mass of roots which had been grubbed from the woods the year before
and fastened up under the shelter of a veranda roof to form a rustic orna-
ment. During the Summer of 1884 a large amount of fine sawdust was
thrown out from the burrows by the larve, but the latter did not attain
their full growth until the following year, and at the time of pupating
were certainly two, and very probably three years from the egg. Pup
were found in March and April 1885, and imagos appeared a month
later.

A description of the larva which, in general appearance, resembles
that of Apate, Dinapate and allied species, I hope to give at another oc-
casion. The pupz were found naked in the galleries made by the larve
or by the perfect insects. A. d¢caudafus is a rather common insect in the.
Southern States and still more abundant in the North. The imago haS
long been known to bore into the living twigs of cultivated trees, and the
injury thus done is frequently described in works on economic Entomo-
logy but the habits of the larva have hitherto remained unknown.

I firmly believe that in the more Northern States A. dicaudatus will
likewise be found to breed in the subterranean stems of Smilax which
abounds in our woods. That allied Bostrychid beetles have similar
habits has been proven by Mr. E. A. Schwarz, and I append here the
following notes which he placed at my disposal upon his return from a
visit to South-eastern Florida:

“On the island of Key West and on the mainland a few miles south
of Miami River I found in the months of April and May the imagos of
Amphicerus punctipennis and Tetrapriocera longicornis, the former very

aS Si

rare, the latter in great abundance, boring into the living trunks and
branches of Rhus metopium and also other trees, but I never was able to
find the larvee of either species in the trees so attacked. Finally, one day
my attention was attracted by numerous dead roots of a species of Smilax
which protruded from the ground in a newly cleared and burned tract
within the hammock. These half-burned roots proved on examination
to be inhabited and honeycombed by numerous specimens of Tefraprio-
cera longicornis, larvee and imagos, and after protracted research I also
found the imago of Amphicerus punctipennis and what no doubt is the
larva of this species. Investigation on places not recently affected by fire
revealed the fact that among the living Smilax roots there were always
some dead ones to be found in the ground and these were usually’ in-
fested with the Zefrapriocera larve. The half-roasted roots, which are
as hard as stone, had, however, evidently a greater attraction to these
Bostrychid beetles than those not affected by fire.”

<> «> -

In Vol. 48 of the Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 1887, p. 315,
is an interesting account of how very dirty, non- pubescent beetles may
be entirely cleaned, when ordinary washing will not produce the desired
result. ‘lhe specimens experimented with were bright Phaneus species.
They were carefully washed in soap and water, thoroughly rinsed, the
moisture removed as far as possible with blotting paper, and were trans-
ferred for several days in sulphuric ether. After removal from this they
were again tried with blotting paper and the dirty spots painted with
Collodium so as to form a rather thick film. When firmly set, this film can
be easily loosened at one edge and with a fine forceps removed entirely—
and with it also all particles of dirt,

*

*
*

In the same Journal Mr. Moeschler reviews Elwes’ paper on the
genus Parnassius, and incidentally mentions some good things: Elwes
quotes a translation from Siebold, not baving seen the original: ‘‘not
seldom found on recently dead horses in the lower mountain valleys of
Austria and Hungary!!!” referring thereby to the larva of Parnassius
mnemosyne. Moeschler has hunted out the original which reads ‘‘sie
sind von dem jiingst verstorbenen Rossi in den niederen Gebirgsthalern
Oesterreichs und Ungarns nicht selten angetroffen worden.” ‘The intel-
ligent translater read ‘* Rosse” (horses) instead of Rossi, hence the
blunder. It should read—not seldom found by the recently deceased
Rossi &c., &e.

A German translator of Wallace’s travels managed a sentence so as
to record the capture of ‘‘a large number of Butterflies, many of which
were Lepidoptera.”

Moeschler himself, reading Hulst’s paper on Ca/ocala, ran across
the statement that the larva of C. mimuta feeds on Locus/s. Now the only
translation of Locust that he could get anywhere in Lexicons grasshopper
(Heuschrecke), and it was not until he applied to Zeller that he was
enlightened ! J. B. Smirn.

: Newport, R. I., Jury 6th, 1888.
Epitor of Entomorocica AMERICANA.

Dear Sir :—I observed in the July number of Exto, Am. a criticism
by Dr. J. Hamilton of Allgheny, Penn., concerning some remarks re-
cently published by the writer in this Journal, and my attention had but
a few weeks before been called to a singularly unjust paper relating to
myself published by this same celebrated authority about a year since in
the Canadian Entomologist. The latter is unjust and discriminating in
that it extols in one entomologist that which it condemns in another.
To say that these articles display a certain ill-disguised animus is surely
superfluous, and I should have passed them by without notice, were it
not for the fact that the limited powers of apprehension alluded to by our
worthy critic, so distort my meaning that to refrain from some sort of a
rejoinder would only be an injustice to myself.

It was not intended by the language used to say that the authors of
the Classification were the ‘‘synthesists with philanthropic desire etc.,”’
and, in fact, any such statement would have been incongruous, for these
authors differed considerably in their methods. There was nothing per-
sonal intended, and none other than a disingenuous imagination could
so construe it.

Entomologists in general may be ranged into two classes, the line of
demarcation being more or less pronounced, one of which is composed
of those who devote themselves principally to analysis or the discussion
of differences, and who patiently explore all available material with the
ultimate object of deriving some law of variation which will enable them
to perceive more clearly the solution of the vexed question of specific li-
mitation. The components of the other class are more careless or im-
patient workers who, on arriving at a point requiring painstaking and
minute observation in the separation of species or varieties, surmount the
difficulty at a bound by combining all these forms into a composite entity,
without indicating any of the salient points of diflerence which become
so prominent to those who are accustomed to careful observation.

It may be that the investigators of the first class make mistakes re-
garding the specific value of certain characters, but they are the real ad-
vancers of the Science,.and are the ones who in the end will bring to
light any demonstrable laws of specific development or of introspecific
variation, although in their efforts they may somewhat increase the com-
plexity of nomenclature.

In the concluding paragraph of the article on ‘“Thoroughness in Ento-

mological Tables,” the synthesists referred to were those comprised in the

second class above outlined, called less euphoniously ‘‘slumpers” by the
European scientists.

98

I do not feel called upon to dilate upon the general petulance of

Dr. Hamilton’s letter, and will intrude but a little further anos your
valuable space.

All entomological tables are condensed, synthetic statements, when
regarded in their entirety as genera or groups, but analytic with reference
to the species or genera which respectively compose them, so that the
surprise exhibited by our non-captious critic at my attempt to use a syn-
thetic table for analytic purposes is not very intelligible ; but, as before
indicated, the meaning which I wished to convey by the word synthesis,
and which has been so ingeniously misinterpreted, was two-fold viz: that
of too great concentration in tables, and the process of ‘‘slumping”’ closely
allied forms under a single characterization. In other words there are a
great many entomological tables in existence, of which one only was
cited as an example, which might be slightly less condensed, and, through
greater completeness, might be rendered less ambiguous. I am credited
here with having possibly made a discovery, but this is really too much
honor to be paid the mere statement of an axiom.

Very truly yours,
Ty L, 2Gasex
sav ign eee ee

Note on Species of Boarmia.
By A. R.- Grote, ALM:
In reference to my descriptions of Western forms belonging to Bo-

arma and which are briefly discussed by Mr. Hulst on page 50, I would
state that my remark, on page 124 of Can. Ent., Vol. XV, printed after

the description of grisearza, should follow that of the ensuing species,

separataria, By a mistake, in transcribing my notes, I must have allowed
this comparison to follow the wrong species. The remark should read :
‘“This cannot be the male (not female) of pudmonaria.” I made this re-
mark, as I recollect, because the undersurface was dzscolorous and im-
maculae though darker than pulmonarza, but the color of upper surface
and size and markings in detail lead me to consider the two distinct, not
sexes of one species, which Mr. Hulst suggests, and which doubt more
material will clear up. As to rufarza, | rely upon the more cut off se-
condaries to prove its validity, but as I compare it wrongly with separa-
aria, this character may not hold good. As to its strange color I know
of no such instance in the genus. Mr. Hulst’s remarks as to these seven
species, from his experience in the family, will doubtless allow of their
better arrangement, although in most cases my comparisons agree; and
I am also of opinion that the species should stand until we have more
light. So far as I know, the variability of these gray, wavy-lined spanners,

ie head

is confined to certain limits which will not allow us to embrace any of
the above species as varieties. But my experience is limited and it would
not be strange were the fact to be afterwards proven.
> +> —
Note upon A®geria impropria, 7. Z., and a description
of the ©.

By. j:)J. RIvErs.

University of California.

The habit of this insect has hitherto been traced to the roots and

lower parts of the canes of the garden Raspberries. But this season it

was found equally at home in the roots of the cultivated sorts of Black-
berries, causing foliage and fruit to be dwarfed and dried and valueless.
I suspect that some other observer will discover that this insect is also ad-
dicted to the native species of Brambles though I have been altogether
unsuccessful in tracing it to such a source.

The author of this species (Papilio, Vol. I, p. 193) described the <j
of this insect and which is a good description of the typical male. But
there are examples that occur with “Aree abdominal bands of pale yellow
and when three are present the third is at the base of the anal tuft. An-
other variation shows a tendency in the male to imitate the dorsal mark-
ings of the female by having well developed yellow bands on the 2nd,
4th and 6th segments and on the dorsum of all the other segments is to
be seen a cluster of yellow scales forming a nucleus of a yellow band.

Description of the female: Fore-wings nearly opaque, the vitreous spaces
being nearly obliterated by a covering of dull orange scales; though a coppery tint
is the general shade yet a broad line of dull purple traverses the costal region, the
nervules and the stigmata. Hind-wings as in the male but with the fringes of the
inner margin more flecked with yellow which darkens into a coppery bronze as an
outer marginal line; the remainder of the fringes is of a dull bronze. Abdomen black
with purple reflections, yellowish golden bands are on all the segments but the first
and third and even these exempted segments sometimes have a central spot of golden
scales. Caudal tuft shorter than in the <j, distinctly orange golden, the centre
blackish purple and towards the outer portion it is slightly flecked with black. Be-
neath, wings rich golden with the palpe, coxze, and abdominal rings paler. Ab-
domen, stigmata and nervules more or less dark purple though the base of the fore
wings and some of the nervules of the hind wings are orange golden. Antenne
shorter than in the (' and without the pectinations found in that sex. Expanse, 19
to 22mm. Males vary in expanse, 13 to 22 mm.

+ +» —___

Book Notices.

Nouveaux Genres et Especes de Phycitide et Galleriide, by E. L. Ragonot,
April 1888. Published privately by the author.

In the above pamphlet of 52 pages Mr. Ragonot publishes very brief
descriptions of 61 new genera and 230 new species of Phycitidee and Gal-

, —1OO—

leridze from various parts of the world. We call attention the more par-
ticularly to this publication as it is published privately, and so can not,
save by a chance, be obtained, and because in it are described two North
American genera and species, viz: Diviana eudortella and Calera punch-
limbella, Mr. Ragonot also proposes a substitute for one of his American
generic names previously described but preoccupied, viz : Dolichorrhinia
instead of JMacrorrhima. Mr. Grote has already proposed Ragonota
instead of Cirvs.

We call attention to one other thing which is justly exasperating to
the American student, viz: the carelessness of our European co-workers
in the giving of localities. Diana eudoriella has its locality given as
“«Amerique Sept.” It does seem that no longer ought any European to
look upon North America as corresponding geographically with France,
England or Palestine. Staudinger includes in the European Fauna,
Europe proper, N. Africa, Northern, Central and South-western Asia, as
well as the Amur country. How delightful it would be to have a de-
scriber give the locality of insects, one from N. Africa, one from England,
one from Greece, one from Amur, each and all as ‘*Europe.” Yet this
is an exact parallel to the giving of ‘‘ North America” as the locality of
insects from Greenland, Alaska, Florida and California, as the chance
may be. We speak of this just now using Mr. Ragonot’s work as a text,
but it is an evil which has long existed, and among the best European
Entomologists, but it is an evil which ought not to exist any longer.
With some writers the evil is increased as North America is taken not in
the faunal but in the geographical sense, and species from Mexico, the
West Indies and Guatemala are included under the term “North America.”
Indeed, Mr. Ragonot himself in his ‘‘ Diagnoses on N. American Phyci-
tides and Galleridz ” describes 2 species from the West Indies, and 2 from
Mexico. It is therefore possible that from the faunal standpoint Divana
eudoriella is not North American.

So <

Books and Pamphlets received during May 1888.

Proc. Acad. of Nat. Sciences Phila, Part 1, ’88.

Proc. Amer. Phil. Society, No. 127. '

Prairie Farmer, May, ’88.

Societas Entomologica, Part 1, April, ’88.

Am. Monthly Microscopical Journal, April, ’88.

Report of Statitician U. S. Dep’t of Agric., new series, No. 50.
Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XX, No. 5.

Notes on Lachnosterna, by Dr. Gro. H. Horn.

Psyche, Vol. V, No. 145.

Nature novitates, Nos. 9 and Io.

Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Belgium, April and May, ’88.
Some Pests of the Pomologist, by Prot. J. A. LINTNER.

ct laa alll aria ela ie te

TON CIC
AMERICANA

VOL. IW, BROOKLYN, SEPTEMBER, 1888. NO. 6.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB
OF THE A. A. A. S.

Aucust 15, 1888.—The Club met as per announcement at 9 A. M.
with the President, Mr. John B. Smith in the chair. In the absence of
the Secretary, Prof. A. J. Cook, the Club proceeded to election of
Secretary for the Cleveland meeting, resulting in the election of Prof.
Herbert Osborn.

The Club then adjourned to meet at 1:15 P. M.

Afternoon Session.

The President delivered his annual address.

ANNUAL ADDRESS.

Gentlemen: The selection of a subject for an annual address is not
always an easy one:—it should be of general interest, of actual value,
and not addressed to one particular branch of our very extensive field of
study. In looking over the older records of our Club, and of the Ento-
mological section of the Association, I find that it has been quite usual
to give an review of the work done during the previous year, with com-
ments and suggestions, often of great value. It has been a matter of con-
siderable interest to me to find that in almost every instance the presiding
officer has been able to mark a decided advance in our Science, and to
find a decided increase of interest in the study of Entomology. At our
last meeting, our then President, Prof. Comstock selected a somewhat
different, but none the less interesting subject for his address, and thus
furnished a precedent of which I gladly avail myself. The task of trying
to show the advance in our Science by a review of the publications during

a OY

the year, is a very great one, and becoming greater and more involved
each year. Feeling that I could not do such justice to that subject as it
deserved, it occurred to me that as good a service might be done by an
even cursory glance at our materials for work—in other words our Ento-
mological collections. My subject shall therefor be:

Entomology and Entomological Collections
in the United States.

In the status of Entomology in our country a gradual and great re-
volution has been accomplished of late days. It is not so long since
Entomologists were looked upon as triflers, even by other students of
Natural History and only recently the layman did not rank him among
persons of sound mind.

The steady labor of our Systematists, the value of their results in
questions of general Biology, and for large generalizations, have gradually
won for us the respect of the workers in other fields, whilst the value of
the labors of the economic entomologist to the farmer is becoming con-
stantly better appreciated In the so-called ‘‘ Hatch Bill,” with the main
provisions of which most of the gentlemen present are as well acquainted
as I am—appropriation was made to State Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and among other officers, Entomologists have been appointed
in many of the States, showing a realization of the necessity for such an
officer in each State to study the local needs.

It also places Entomology into the rank of professions, and as soon
as it becomes generally known that money may be made by it, even the
last and most weighty reproach showered upon the rash young man who
showed an inclination to the study of Entomology will lose force. It
adds to the corps of working Entomologists a considerable number of
men, some of whom at least, will advantage the study of our Science.

It will undoubtedly also add to our literature, and it is a matter of
some interest to watch and ascertain what the nature of these contributions
will be. The great majority of those already issued certainly do xof
promise well, and are a misfortune rather than otherwise. Judgment
however must be suspended until further, and perhaps better considered
reports appear.

A certain amount of compilation will undoubtedly be necessary, but
it may be as well to’ suggest that a single obscure point cleared up, a
single life-history well worked out, or a single series of original experi-
ments well carried on will add more value to a Report, than any number
of second-hand accounts.

The scientific side of our study has made a steady advance, not
marked by any prominent features calling for special reference here.

The second, and most important branch of my subject, is the “ Ento-
mological Collections of the United States.”

Considerable has been written during the past year of the educational
value of entomological collections, principally in the ‘‘ Entomologist.”
The collection and systematic arrangement of any series of specimens is
undoubtedly educational to some extent ; but in entomological collections
neatness, patience and accuracy are cultivated, while, if the collector is
at the same time a student, it brings all his powers of observation into
play, and the training is useful in developing all his faculties.

No one will question the fact that numerous, well determined and
easily accessible collections are the best possible aids and enciters to the
study of any branch of Science, and many a promising young fellow has
abandoned Entomology simply because there was no collection to which
he could refer for suggestions or determinations.

Although the number of private collections in the United States is
much smaller than in any European country (Turkey perhaps excepted)
yet their number is quite large, at least in Coleoptera and Lepidoptera,
if the record in the Naturalist’s Directory may be taken as a guide.

But—there are collections and collections. We have the acumulation
of handsome specimens arranged in Stars, Eagles, Harps and other at-
tractive forms on the walls of rooms and in Museums—save the mark—
and every intergrade between that, and really scientific collections.

Most of our collections made by individuals occupy a somewhat
intermediate standpoint—that is they are rather above the level of a picture
collection, and do not attain the level of a collection which could be made
useful to Science, by the owner himself or any one else.

The reasons are partly want of time on the part of the owner, partly
the want of suitable illustrated and compreheusive literature to bridge
over the interspace between the childish collector and the investigator and
critical examiner and particularly the difficulty of overcoming the ‘‘col-
lecting mania.”

This ‘‘mania” does not run to careful and thorough field work—
unfortunately not—it runs to the acumulation of material in any way,
collection, exchange, purchase—all things are tried so that you can get
what your neighbor has and perhaps some thing on the list that he does
not have. The result is that collections are everywhere much the same.
The same Cicindele.—the same Cerambycide—the same Lombycide—
much the same MWoc/uzde—the same stock rarities are represented in
all collections.

This leads to another, and perhaps the most grivous fault in most
of our collections. Specimens are received as a certain species and placed
as such. Few collectors will undertake to verify the determination of

— e4——

specimens received and the species so named is liable to infect any num-
ber of others in the same way. I find the same blunders in collection
upon collection and often traceable back to one source, where a careless
collector mixed things.

A little care on the part of recipients would save much of this.

To one phase of the “collecting mania” no objection can be made
—on the contrary it is deserving of all encouragement—it is when it takes
the form of exhaustive research in a definite locality, turning up every-
thing discoverable; or when it runs in the accumulation of all possible
material in a limited group. I wish I could impress upon the collectors
the desirability of careful field work. The best material, and the most
valuable should be collected by yourself. It obtains value from the
number, the date and the locality. from the variations, individual and
local, which it indicates.

In a well covered locality like Washington for instance new species
and rarities even in Coleoptera are turning up every year. This season
even sO prominent a genus as Lachnos/erna furnished a new species not
known when Dr. Horn wrote, and the species is the largest that occurs
there.

A knowledge of what we have, will perhaps serve as a guide to those
interested, and suggest lines in which collections might be.accumulated.

I shall make no pretence to completeness in the enumeration, for I
am personally unacquainted with any of the Western collections, while
most of the Eastern collections containing good material are known to me
personally or by report.

The center of population is rapidly moving westward, and ap-
proaches the Mississippi; but the scientific life of the nation still enters
in the great cities along the Atlantic coast. The good collections west
of the Mississippi might almost be told off on the fingers of one hand,
while all the really valuable collections in that vast region west of the
Alleghanies can be counted on the fingers of both hands.

Several good nuclei exist however and will be more particularly re-
ferred to hereafter.

In my enumeration of collections I will first enumerate all the private
collections, and afterward those of Public Institutions. They deserve se-
parate treatment, because while individual collections are often of the
largest value, they are always less accessible, and are sure to be either
broken up, or absorbed into some public Institution.

The various orders are very unequally studied, and collections are
rare or numerous accordingly. So far as I am aware, there is not a single
individual collection in which there is any pretence of an equal attention
to all orders. The day of general collectors, equally at home in all di-

;
:

visions of the Insecta has gone by, and while some few collectors have started
with the idea of making accumulations in all orders they have gradually
drifted into a specialty and the rest of the collection remains at a standsull.

But what has become of the general collections of our great Ento-
mologists of the past! Every one knows the fate of the Say collection-—
lost, utterly lost, by the ignorance and stupidity of those whose duty it
was to secure its preservation.

The Harris collection, classic and valuable from the work put upon
it by its owner, though not very extensive, narrowly escaped the same
fate. It is now in the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural History
under the care of Mr. Henshaw; it seems buta wreck of its former self yet
valuable as a guide to Dr. Harris’ meaning in some instances.

The Walsh collection died a more heroic death. It perished in the
Chicago fire, and thus probably escaped being devoured by Anshrent.*

The Fitch collection was practically ruined even while in the hands
of its owner, and afterward, its treatment in the hands of the agent who
had it for sale, was not calculated to improve its value. It is now scat-
tered in every direction, and utterly lost.

Prof. Riley’s collection rests in the National Museum. The Professor
was wise enough to so dispose of it by gift to the Museum in his life-
time as to preserve its value both to posterity and himself.

The Hatch Bill, already referred to, will probably have the effect of
starting at each of the Experiment Stations, a general collection, mostly
local, and valuable or valueless, according to the capacity or intelligence
of its entomological officer. If he makes it the record of work done, by
preserving not only insects, but immature states, samples of injury, and
all the steps of his investigations, as well as his general collections, the
result will be a valuable one. It will excite interest, convey information,
and aid the “#ro—that important factor, the cultivation of which is so
important to secure new workers in our Science.

Of genzral collections, perhaps the only one in which approximately
equal attention is paid to all orders, is that of Mr. Bolter, in Chicago.
Mr. Bolter is probably the oldest of our collectors, his labors extending
over a period of forty vears. During this time Mr. Bolter has visited
nearly all parts of the United States on collecting trips and has acumu-
lated a large mass of material of great value. ‘This has been determined
in all orders by Specialists, and is therefore valuable accordingly. Mr.
Bolter has done no original entomological work.

Quite of a different character is the collection of Mr. Henry Edwards,
practically general in extent, since it contains material in all orders: except
in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, however in a more or less chaotic con-

* Prof. Forbes informs me that some boxes did go to Anthrent, not having been
sent to Chicago in time to be burned.

Joo —

dition. It is a store house of surprises to the Specialist. Mr. Edwards’
work has been in Lepidoptera, and the collection will be again referred
to under that order.

So far as | am aware there is not another individual general collec-
tion of any extent, though there are several which will be hereafter referred
to—collections of Specialists who also collect without studying, other
orders,

The Coleoptera have perhaps the greatest number of admirers among
the Entomologists, and collections are therefore most numerous and ex-
tensive. They are also best named, the literature is most complete, and
the student has most encouragement to persevere.

The collection of Dr. Horn of Philadelphia, ranks easily as the best
in the United States. Not only does it contain very nearly all of the types
of the Doctor’s numerous species, but it contains also many types of Dr.
Leconte, and an almost complete series of species compared with Dr.
Leconte’s types.

Dr, Horn believes in small, tight, shallow wooden boxes, with a
cork lining ; one side only filled with Insects. These boxes are set on
their sides, in rows, in plain shelved cabinets. The collection is acces-
sible to any one who shows a sufficiently intelligent interest, and Dr.
Horn is extremely liberal in his dealings with other students, readily
loaning series to a monographer of special groups as soon as he has
shown his ability to deal with it.

Close to this collection in extent is that of Mr. Hy. Ulke of Wash-
ington. In beauty of specimens and length of series, showing the range
of geographical variation, the collection is perhaps without a peer. A very
large proportion of the species were named by Drs. Leconte and Horn,
and Mr. Ulke’s collection is therefore as a rule very reliably determined.
Mr. Ulke is always ready to show his treasures to whomever may visit him,
and he has done perhaps as much as any one other man in accumulating
material for monographic work, and in naming for and aiding beginners.

The collection of Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz is unexcelled for
its wealth of material in the families containing small species—Clavicornia,
Serricornia and some families of Rhynchophora. Both of these gentlemen
are excellent collectors—perhaps unequalled in this country—and an in-
timate knowledge of the habits of species, with extreme patience in work-
ing out the minute forms have made their collection a valuable one.

Both of these gentlemen have collected extensively in Florida and
Michigan, while separately they have collected in many other parts of the
United States—notably on the part of Mr. Schwarz, semi-tropical Florida,
Colorado, Lake Superior, and the region about Washington, his present
home.

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The largest part of the collection is in Detroit, and practically inac-
cessible, as Mr. Schwarz is in Washington, and Mr. Hubbard in Florida.

In essentials, both the collections above named are kept as is Dr.
Horn’s and in generally similar boxes.

The collection of Lt. T. L. Casey I have not seen for some time,
but Mr. Casey has, since that time, collected extensively on the Pacific
Coast and in Texas, and has described a very large number of species of
which he has the types.

Following these, there are a considerable number of collections of
nearly equal standing, some rich in special groups, some more general :
none of them are typical, and none have the value to students that the
preceding have.

Among this series of reliably named and really good collections,
may be mentioned those of Mr. O. Lugger, now in Minnesota, of Dr.
Hamilton, Alleghany, Pa., of Mr. Blanchard, Brookline, Mass., of Mr.
Henshaw, Boston, Mass., of Mr. Wenzel, Philadelphia, Pa., of Mr.
Julich, New York City, of Mr. Dury, Cincinnati, Ohio, of Mr. Angell,
New York City and Mr. Roberts of the same place.

Of those that are known to me personally the majority use boxes
similar to those of Dr. Horn.

The Lepidopterists rank next in number of followers, and New York
City and vicinity are the richest in number and extent of these collections.

Easily the best of the series is that of Mr. Henry Edwards of New
York City. It is extremely rich in types, both of his own descriptions
and of those of others. The collection embraces exotics as well as natives,
and micros as well as macros. It has been already mentioned as a good
general collection.

The insects practically fill an entire floor in Mr. Edwards’ house, -
every available nook being filled with boxes and cabinets of an infinite
variety and shape. Mr. Edwards is exceedingly liberal with specimens
either in the way of gift or loan, and the collection is accessible to any
one interested whenever Mr. Edwards is in the City.

Mr. Edwards is always ready to assist the student by naming Insects
or otherwise.

Nearly equal in extent is the collection of Mr. Neumoegen, richer
in some exotic groups, and perhaps in some families of American Insects,
but confined to the Macrolepidoptera.

Mr. Neumoegen’s collection is in very large cabinet drawers, of
uniform size and with a glass top, and is always open to proper persons.

The collection is very rich in Noctuid types, and no one can
properly study this family without a knowledge of Mr. Neumoegen’s col-
lection.

eS ——

Somewhere about here comes the collection of Mr. H. Strecker of
Reading, Pa. The collection is of great extent, but richer perhaps in
exotics than in American forms. he families outside of the Rhopalocera
and some fea groups of Heterocera are not well determined, and the
collection is not accessible for study, Mr. Strecker, contrary to all other
Entomologists known to me being entirely illiberal, and refusing to al-
low his species to be studied.

It isa pity so much and so rich material should be tied up and
made inaccessible.

Messrs. Graef and Tepper have each excellent collections, that of
Mr. Graef somewhat the larger, and both confined to the Macros, native
and exotic, and both containing many types. Mr. Tepper is especially
rich in species described by Mr. Morrison.

These collections are in glass-covered drawers not equal in size,
and Messrs. Graef and Tepper are always ready to aid students by any
means within their power.

The collection of Dr. Holland, of Pittsburgh, Pa., I have not seen.
From what I can learn of it, it ranks among the first, but is perhaps
richer in Exotics than in American species. ‘The collection of Mr. T.
L. Mead, and the Hespertde of the collection of Mr. W. H. Edwards
have found a place in Dr. Holland’s collection.

Among the Albany collections, so often referred to in the older
literature of Lepidoptera, that of Mr. Meske is in the National Museum;
that of Dr. Bailey has been for sale since the death of that gentleman
several years since, and has not been added to since that time.

The collection of Prof. Lintner is rich in local forms, and has quite
a number of types, with a very fair representation throughout the order.
It really ranks as a general collection, since all orders are represented.
Prof. Lintner’s work however has been principally in Lepidoptera,
save where the economic interest of some species made their study
necessary.

Prof. Lintner’s boxes have, many of them, glass tops and bottom :
small discs of cork are fastened to the bottom in rows, and these hold
the insects. A pasteboard cover to each side of the box darkens it.
This feature never became popular, and many that once tried it have
abandoned its use.

So far as I am aware these are all the more important general col-
lections of Macro-lepidoptera. They have one essential point of differ-
ence from the Coleopterological collections of equal rank—they contain
Exotic material, and some of the collections are fully as complete in
European as in American species.

In addition to those above enumerated, are a series of special col-

lections, of greater extent in their field, than the general collections

enumerated.

. The collection of Mr. W. H. Edwards I have not seen. It is

. probably as nearly complete as possible in the Rhopalocera, at least in
those families which Mr. Edwards has not sold to pay for the magnificent
work he is issuing. 1 must not lose this opportunity of giving Mr. Ed-
wards credit for his careful and painstaking work in this group. _What-
ever our individual ideas as to classification, no one can deny Mr, Ed-
wards credit for sincere and honest work, for faithful records and above
all for placing the results of his studies before us in such sumptuous
style. It is to be regretted that the collection did not go in its entirety
to some Public Institution

a lasting monument of his labors.

In the family Hesperdd@ of the Rhopalocera, the collection of Mr.
Eugene M. Aaron of Philadelphia is excellent. Mr. Aaron has spent
much time and money to complete his collection in this family ; but
owing to his numerous business engagements cannot unfortunately
devote much time to his collection at present, and cannot do much for
seekers of information in this family.

In the Sphingide, one of the most complete collections that I have
ever seen, native or foreign, is at Albany, in the possession of Mr. Erastus
Corning, preserved by Mr. Wm. Gray, an Entomologist unknown to
fame, but with a fund of knowledge on the subject, not to be despised.
I doubt whether there are half a dozen collections of Sphingidz in the
world that are superior to this. It is practically inaccessible to students.

In the Geometridae and Pyralide the collection of Mr. Geo. D.
Hulst of Brooklyn is almost complete. This gentleman has of late, by
sacrificing Macro-lepidoptera in exchange and by purchase, secured an
almost complete representation of described forms besides many new
forms for description. No one has ever applied to Mr. Hulst in vain,
either for a sight of his collection or for determinations.

In the Micro-lepidoptera as a whole the collection of Prof. C. H.
Fernald of Amherst, Mass., stands pre-eminent. In the Zorfricide the
collection will probably rank among the first in the world, while in
American forms it has no superior. In the Z%memde@ it also ranks first
among American collections while in the Pyralde it is probably even
better than Mr. Hulst’s in some of the families.

Prof. Fernald is always willing to encourage and aid the student in
this interesting field.

In addition to these are several collections of still more limited scope
—that of Mr. Scudder of New England Butterflies, and that of Mrs. C.
_H. Fernald of New England Macro-lepidoptera.

—

There are also several collections of which I know little or nothing
and of which I therefore avoid all specific mention.

Prof. G. H. French has probably a very good collection and a num-
ber of his own types.

These two orders, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, attract most of our
collectors, and there are plenty of good though not very large collections
all over the country—among the better known are those of Dr. Castle, of
Philadelphia, Coleoptera; Mr. Schoenborn, Washington, Lepidoptera ;
Mr. Noble, Savannah, Coleoptera; Mr. Schuster, St. Louis, Coleoptera ;
Mr. Goodhue, Webster, N. H., Lepidoptera; Prof. Snow, of Lawrence,
Kansas, whose collection of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera deserves a better
description than I am unfortunately able to give; Messrs. Reinecke and
Zesch, Buffalo, N. Y., Coleoptera; and the Pacific Coast collectors
Messrs. Koebele, Coquillet, Ricksecker, Wright, Rivers, Behr, Behrens,
and perhaps some others.

In Hemiptera, the collection of Prof. P. R. Uhler, of Baltimore,
Md., stands pre-eminent. Prof. Uhler has been for many years gathering
material, and studying and arranging it for study. From him, directly or
indirectly, most of our named material comes.

Mr. Ashmead, of Jacksonville, Fla., has more recently begun the
study of this order, and, as I understand, has accumulated a very large
material.

Prof. Osborn, of Ames, Iowa, has quite a collection of Hemiptera,
and has devoted considerable time to their study. His favorites are A/a/-
lophaga and Pedicuhde, the exact location of which is perhaps still
matter of dispute.

The collection of Mr. Heidemann of Washington, D. C., is a rapidly
growing though somewhat local one. Mr. Heidemann, by careful col-
lecting has accumulated a large amount of material, much of it unde-
scribed.

In this order there is a wide and interesting field for the student, the
Homoptera affording some of the most intricate and fascinating problems
ever confronting a Biologist.

In the Zhripide, assuming them for the present to be undoubted
Hemiptera, the collection of Mr. Pergande of Washington is unique.
There are about half a dozen species described, and Mr. Pergande has in
his collection distinguished nearly 150 species!! Mr. Pergande is of
troubled with the mzh7 itch—yet.

In Orthopiera, Mr. Scudder’s collection stands first. So I am as-
sured by Prof. Riley and Mr. Bruner, both of whom have seen or studied
it. I have not had the good fortune to see it myself.

Mr. Bruner’s collection, at West Point, Nebraska, stands next in

SS ee

rank, and so far as I know is the only other individual collection worthy
of the name, in the United States. It is difficult to find a reason for
this, since the species are not, asa rule, difficult to get, and they are
certainly not uncommon.

The Hymenoptera, interesting as they are, can boast of but few
followers. The collection of Mr. Cresson in Philadelphia, is the only
really fine collection of the order. Mr. Cresson has had perhaps the
greatest opportunities for accumulating a collection, and he has faithfully
used them. As a general collection, it is unexcelled. In some special
groups it is not so full.

In the Formicide the collection of Mr. Pergande probably takes first
rank, This gentleman has devoted considerable effort to an accumula-
tion of material in this family and has an excellent collection both in
Exotics and Natives. In other families of the order his collection 1s ex-
tremely rich, while not so complete nor as well worked up, as in the
Formicide.

The collection of Mr. Ashmead is especially rich in Parasitic
Hymenoptera in which he has described many genera and species. The
greater part of Mr. Ashmead’s collection by the way is kept loose, in
small boxes and packed away in drawers. He has however begun to get
them into more usual and convenient shape so he writes me. The col-
lection also contains besides Mr. Ashmead’s specialties a very fair general
collection, largely local species.

Prof. Cook of Lansing, Mich., has of late been studying Afzde and
has, I believe, accumulated quite a considerable material.

The Hymenoptera are awaiting workers, and promise a rich reward
toany one interested. Some families represent absolutely unworked
fields, while few are really known.

In the Difera the collection of Dr. Williston stands first, and is
really the only individual general collection of the order. Dr. Williston
is a busy man, but finds time for a great deal of work looking to the as-
sistance of the tyro.

Mr. Coquillet of Los Angeles, Calif., has, as I am informed, a very
good collection of Western forms, and is especially rich in the Boméyli-
de to which Mr. Coquillet has devoted more particular attention.

So far as I can find, there are no other collections of Diptera worthy
of the name, and the Neuroptera are still worse off, ‘for so far‘ as! Tam
aware there is but a single collection—that of Dr. Hagen, at Cambridge.
This magnificent series, the result of years of patient work in accumulat-
ing material, is practically the property of the Cambridge Museum. No
one else has attempted any systematic collection so faras I know. Dr,

—T1z2—

Hagen is a very busy man and unfortunately unable to devote much time
to naming insects.

Mention may be made here of the collection of Prof. Forbes at
Champaign, Ills., which, as Prof. Riley informs me, is particularly rich
in illustrations of the food habits of birds and fishes.

In the Arachnide@ the collections are few in number, and owing to
the fact that they must be preserved in Alcohol, are differently kept. 1
know very little of collections in this class, and can enumerate only, in
the order of their respective importance, the collections of Mr. Emerton,
Dr. Marx, Prof. Underwood, and Mr. Peckham.

The Myriapods also have but few adherents: so far as I know, the
collections of Prof. Underwood, and Messrs. McNeill and Bollman are
the only ones.

In this brief review I have undoubtedly omitted many collections
well worthy of mention, but it would have exceeded the purposes of the
address had I endeavored to present accurate statistics. ;

Now however good the collection or however accessible the city con-
taining it, all these individual collections have always one drawback :—
it depends entirely upon the owner whether, when, and how long you
shall see them. The student must absolutely submit in all his arrange-
ments for study and comparison to the whims and caprices of the owner
of the collection. There is the additional disadvantage, which I hope
authors and collectors will some day realize—their uncertain duration.
They may be neglected through loss of interest or they may be scattered
after death, and the results of life-long labor destroyed. I have seen
several instances of this, and there are at least two excellent collections
of Lepidoptera in great danger of going the same road—both of them
contain many uniques and types, but the relatives of the deceased owner
hold on for a fancy price which they do not need and _ will never obtain.
Meanwhile the collections lose in value each year

It seems to me that all this points irresistibly in one direction. All
types should go to some public Institution, offering a fair guarantee for
its permanent existence, and at the same time assurance both that the
specimens be cared for, and yet open to all reasonable inspection and
_ study by Specialists, at all reasonable times.

I do not mean by this, in any way to disparage individual collections
—on the contrary such a collection, made by a Specialist will in most
cases soon outrank Museum collections. Everything depends on special
and persistent efforts directed to a definite point—everything must be
sacrificed to get lacking species and the result is unavoidable.

A Museum cannot do that without becoming a mere means of the

Curator to an individual end.
[To Br ConrinueEp.]

New Genera and Species of
EPIPASCHIZ and PHYCITID/.

By Gro. D. Hutst.

The following, as far as I am able to determine, are new to Science.
Yet it is very probable that some may be synonyms of genera or species
already described by European authors, the determination of which can
not at the present time be satisfactorily made by me.

EPIPASCHIZ.
Winona, n. gen.

Fore wings 12 veins: I furcate near base, 3, 4 and 5§ separate, 7, 8 and 9
stemmed, Io separate ; hind wings 8 veins: 2 far from angle, 4 and 5 joined at angle
which is at middle of outer margin of cell, 7 and $ stemmed. . Type: ¢zcrustelis,
Hulst.

Saluda, n. gen.

Fore wings 12 veins: 10 and 11 stemmed, 7, 8 and 9 stemmed, 4 and § joined
at base ; hind wings 8 veins: 4 and 5 stemmed, 7 and 8 stemmed ; antennal process
short ; maxillary palpi of ¢’ with brush of long hairson end. Type: asperatedla,
Clem.

Katona, n. gen,

Fore wings 11 veins: cell very short, 3, 4 and § separate, 6 long, waved, 7, 8
and g stemmed ; hind wings 8 veins: 4 and 5 stemmed ; antennal process short,
rather slender, closely scaled ; maxillary palpi of < with brush of long hairs on end.
Type: euphemella, Hulst.

K. euphemella, n. sp.

Expands 17 mm. Front dark gray ; antenne blackish; thorax dark blackish
gray ; abdomen yellowish fuscous ; fore wings light gray, more or less overlaid with
black ; base gray ; basal line black, diffuse, dentate, edged outwardly with a band
of blackish gray ; outer line white, straight at costa and inner margin, bent outwardly
and sinuate between ; discal points distinct black ; outer space gray with apical dash
of blackish ; tufts blackish gray, or blackish; hind wings light tuscous, fuscous on
veins ; beneath light fuscous gray, the markings above faintly produced. —Texas.

Tioga, n. gen.

Fore wings II veins: I furcate near base, 4 and § separate, 6, 7, 8 andgona
short stem ; hind wings 8 veins: 4 and 5 stemmed, 7 and 8 stemmed ; antennal pro-
cess short ; maxillary palpi wanting. Type: ap/asted/a, Hulst

T. aplastella, n. sp.

Expands 20 mm. Head light gray ; antennz dark fuscous; thorax blackish
gray ; abdomen yellowish brown ; base of each segment blackish ; fore wings light
gray ; basal field blackish, limited by a light gray cross line edged with black on
either side ; basal half of middle field of ground color, outer half fuscous ; outer line
light gray, edged within with black ; outer field fuscous; veins lighter, a row of sub-
marginal black spots ; hind wings yellowish brown, blackish along edge. This is
possibly medanogrammos, Zell.

—114—

Loma, n. gen.

Fore wings II veins: I not furcate, 4 and 5 separate or froma point, 7, 8 and
g stemmed ; hind wings 8 veins: 3, 4. and 5 stemmed, 7 and 8 appearing stemmed ;
maxillary palpi present. Type: nephe/otella, Hulst.

L. nephelotella, n. sp.

Expands 25 mm. Head light gray, slightly reddish brown on summit ; thorax
and abdomen light yellowish brown, the segments of abdomen fuscous at base; fore
wings reddish brown at base, with a central dark dash, and dark along inner margin;
basal line whitish, edged both sides with blackish, slightly outwardly oblique towards
inner marg:n, slightly rounded with angle inwardly at middle; middle and outer
fields dark fuscous ; outer line lighter, edged within with blackish ; hind wings dark
fuscous. — Penn.

Wanda, n. gen.

Fore wings 11 veins: 7, 8 and g stemmed, 6 waved, 3, 4 and 5 stemmed, the
subdiscal vein to furcaiion of § extraordinarily broad ; cell very short ; hind wings 8
veins: 4 and 5 stemmed, 7 and 8 stemmed ; antennal process short, closely scaled ;
labial palpi thin, erect, extending above front ; maxillary palpi in <j’ with brush of
long hairs on end. Type: 4apéisied/a, Fern.

W. tiltella, n. sp.

Expands 20 mm, Head, thorax and fore wings gray, peppered over with black
scales, giving a general blackish gray color ; basal space somewhat darker than the
rest of the fore wings; at the middle of basal field a jet black cross-line not reaching
costa or inner margin ; inner line light gray, three times dentate inwardly; at the
middle of the middle field is another jet black cross-line extending from inner margin
nearly to discal spot; outer line straight from costa angulated outwardly, then
rounded, wavy dentate, returning near inner margin, then with a single bend reach-
ing the margin. Hind wings dark fuscous. —Texas.

Tetralopha callipeplella, n. sp.

Expands 16 mm. Palpi, head, antennz and thorax uneven fuscous gray ; fore
wings gray, rather strongly overlaid with blackish, more especially on the basal field;
extreme base and posterior portion of basal field reddish ; basal cross-line white,
slightly waved, distinct, edged on both sides with distinct fine black lines ; discal
spots black ; outer line gray, straight from costa, then rectangular outward, then
rounding forming a deep sinus shorter than usual, then angulate and slightly bent to
inner margin ; veins on middle and outer fields rather darker than ground color ;
marginal line black ; hind wings light fuscous, darker on the outer margins.—Texas.

This will I think prove to be Z: militella, Zell. I do not think it
at all likely that Zeller’s species is the same as Lanthaphe platenella, Clem.

/ PHYCITIDA.
Pima, n. gen.

Fore wings II veins: 4 and 5 separate, 10 separate; hind wings 8 veins: 4 and
5 stemmed, 3 appearing stemmed with 4 and 5, 2 at angle of cell; tongue wanting ;
palpi horizontal, long, heavy, end member drooping, long ; antennz of <j‘ simple ;
maxillary palpi invisible. Type: fostereZ/la, Hulst.
P. fosterella, n. sp.

Expands 25 mm. Palpi light gray ; head light gray, whitish along eyes, ocherish
behind ; thorax ocherish, lighter on dorsum ; abdomen light ocher, white on first seg-

ment, and on the rest on dorsum ; fore wings almost pure white along costa to apex,
behind this very narrowly edged with black, then the rest ochreous, darker anteriorly
and basally ; hind wings clouded white, shining, beneath as above with colors shaded
with fuscous.— Colorado.

From Mr. Wm. Foster, in whose honor the name is given.

¥:

~ Oreanaj/ n. gen.

Fore wings 11 veins: 8, 9 and ro stemmed, 4 and 5 stemmed ; hind wings 8
veins: 2 near angle, 3, 4 and 5 stemmed ; labial palpi present, those of ¢{ with brush
of long hairs on end ; tongue strong ; antenne of ,j' bent above base with heavy tuft
ot scales in bend. Type: zzcolorel/a; Hulst.

Sciota,“n. gen. Fore wings 11 veins: 8, 9 and 10 stemmed, 4 and 5 separate ;
hind wings 8 veins: 3, 4 and 5 stemmed ; tongue strong ; antennz of ,j' bent above
base with tuft of scales in bend ; labial palpi erect, short; maxillary palpi present.
Type: croceellay Hulst.

S. croceella, n. sp.

Expands 19 mm. Palpi and head fuscous yellow ; thorax of same color with
purplish stain ; abdomen reddish brown, inte: lined on each segment with dark brown;
fore wings reddish brown, lightest at base, and broadly and brokenly washed with
blackish along anterior half, this being most decided on basal part of middle-field ; a
geminate black discal spot, and in place of outer line a curved row of black points ;
a marginal line of black points also; hind wings fuscous, darker outwardly.—Texas.

o
A Tacoma, n. gen.

Fore wings II veins: 10 separate, 4 and 5 stemmed ; hind wings 8 veins: 3, 4
and 5 stemmed ; tongue strong ; antennz of <j‘ simple; ocelli present ; labial palpi
erect, long ; maxillary palpi present. Type: /ferzed/a, Hulst.

T. feriella; n. sp.

Expands 20mm. _Palpi gray, white beneath; head and thorax dark gray with
a bluish shade ; abdomen fuscous gray, interlined with light gray ; fore wings dark
gray with a bluish shade; lines whitish, the inner nearly at middle, angulate, the
outer waved and dentate, subparallel with outer margin; on inner margin just
beyond basal line is a rather large broken white spot ; discal spot faint with outer
edge whitish ; a marginal line of black points ; hind wings fuscous, a black marginal
line. —Texas.

Py
he Tallula, n. gen.

4;

Te ON

Fore wings II veins: 10 separate, 4 and 5 separate ; hind wings 8 veins: 3, 4
and 5 stemmed ; maxillary palpi-present ; labial palpi erect, recurved ; tongue strong;
antennz of ,{' simple pubescent ; ocelli present. Type: atrifascialis, Hulst.

Tehama, n. gen.

Fore wings II veins: 2 and 3 separate, 4 and 5 stemmed ; hind wings 7 veins :
3 and 5 separate, 2 far from angle, 7 and 8 stemmed ; tongue strong ; labial palpi
drooping, long ; maxillary palpi wanting ; antennz of <j‘ simple. Type : Jonifatedla,
Hulst.

a Mona, n. gen.

Fore wings II veins: 4. and 5 separate at a point, 10 separate ; hind wings 7
veins ; 2 near angle, 3 and 5 stemmed, 7 and § appearing stemmed ; labial palpi
erect, recurved, 3rd member short ; maxillary palpi wanting ; antennz of simple,
slightly bent above base ; ocelli present; tongue strong. Type: o/dze//a, Hulst.

Le SiGe

M. olbiella, n. sp.

Expands 21 mm. Palpi fuscous gray ; head ochreous ; abdomen light ochreous ;
thorax reddish ochreous ; fore wings along costa to subcostal vein white, with a few
scattered black scales, this band reaching to outer cross-line; the rest of the wing
reddish brown, varying in different specimens through reddish ochreous to ochreous,
all with a few scattered black scales ; basal line indeterminate or indistinct, outer line
very close to margin and_ parallel with it, broad, grayish, more or less edged in-
waidly with blackish scales and outwardly with blackish narrow marginal space ;
hind wings pelluvid fuscous, margin becoming very dark, — Colorado.

Altoona, n. gen.

Fore wings II veins: 4 and 5 stemmed, 10 separate ; hind wings 7 veins: 2 at
angle, 3 and 5 stemmed ; tongue wanting ; labial palpi horizontal ; maxillary palp!
present ; antennz of <j bent over base with tuft of scales in bend, Type : opacedla,
Hulst.

Welaka, n. gen.

Fore wings II veins: 10 separate, 4 and 5 separate; hind wings 7 veins: 2 at
angle, 3 and § long stemmed, 7 and 8 stemmed ; tongue wanting, labial palpi Jong,
ascending, end member horizoital, 2nd and 3rd members long ; maxillary palpilong;
antenne of simple. Type: smulti/inced’a, Hulst.

Cayuga, n. gen.
Fore wings II veins: 3 and 5 separate ; hind wings 7 veins: 2 at angle, 3 and
5 stemmed ; antenne of Ss with members broad, toothed, pubescent, bent above base
with tuft of scales in bend ; labial palpi long, horizontal, end member drooping ;
ocelli present ; tongue wanting. Type: gemmate/la, Hulst.

Petaluma, n. gen.

Fore wings 10 veins: 8, 9 and 10 stemmed, 3 and 5 stemmed; hind wings 7
veins ; 2 at angle, 3 and 5 stemmed ; tongue wanting ; clypeus with a cone shaped
tubercle ; labial palpi drooping ; maxillary palpi invisible; ocellt present ; antennze
of J simple. Type: 7/iée//a, Hulst.

Uinta, n. gen.

Fore wings 9 veins: 4 and 9 wanting, 3 and 5 separate ; hind wings 7 veins; 3
and § separate, 2 far from angle, 7 and 8 separate to base ; labia! palpi horizontal,
heavy, long ; maxillary palpi strong, heavily scaled on end; antennz of <j bent
above base, pubescent ; ocelli present ; tongue wanting ; legs shorter and more heavy
than usual. Type: oreaded/a, Hulst.

U. oreadella, n. sp.

Palpi fuscous gray, as is also the head ; thorax blackish gray ; abdomen blackish
gray, becoming fuscous and yellowish anally, each segment except basal edged nar-
rowly with gray ; fore wings dark fuscous, darker at base ; basal line not evident ;
outer line broad, blackish, a marginal broad line also blackish ; at base of center of
middle field a lengthened black point; hind wings fuscous, shining, margin darker ;
beneath even fuscous on all wings, margins darker.—Colorado.

Acrobasis albocapitella, n. sp.

Expands 14mm. Palpi, head and thorax snow white ; abdomen white, slightly
stained with fuscous ; fore wings white at base, with a faint reddish fuscous stain along
costa and inner margin ; basal line dark brown, rather indistinct ; wings beyond

fuscous gray, except along basal line on inner margin, which is whitish ; outer line
gray, indistinct, rounded in middle outwardly, edged within with dark brown ; veins
slightly darker than ground color ; hind wings pellucid fuscous, darker outwardly.—
Canada.

Dasypyga carbonella, n. sp.

Expands 15 mm. Palpi, head, thorax and forewings gray, heavily overlaid
with black, giving a uniform dull black color, the lines very faintly or not at ail sug-
gested , abdomen dark fuscous, interlined with lighter ; hind wings pellucid fuscous,

veins and outer space darkest. —Texas.

Lipographis decimerelia, n. sp.

Expands 26 mm. Palpi, collar and thorax gray, stained with fuscous ; head
somewhat whiter; abdomen light ochreous gray, almost yellowish at middle; fore
wings lead gray, broadly whitish along costa nearly to apex, whitish with a reddish
shade along inner margin; fringes whitish ; hind wings dark fuscous, fringes lighter.
There is considerable variation m the different specimens, some having generally a
reddish tone, others being more inclined to clear gray. —Texas.

Lipographis niviella, n. sp.

Expands 29 mm. Palpi, head ard thorax pure snowy white, with a slight sprink-
ling of black scales ; abdomen yellowish white ; fore wings pure snowy white, more
or less marked with black ; costa white; posteriorly the wing is finely marked with
black on veins, and on posterior half stained with fuscous ; basal line narrow, white,
shaded inwardly along inner margin with large black spot ; outwardly with narrow
line of black ; outer line white, toothed within between the: veins, edged with a line
of black points outwardly along margin ; apex with two black points on either side
the outer line ; hind wings dirty whitish, yellowish at apex and along anterior margin.
—Colorado. ©

Anoristia olivella, n. sp.

Expands 24 mm. Palpi whitish : head, thorax, abdomen and fore wings light
fuscous gray, scatteringly and coarsely dusted with a few black scales, the whole
washed with a light olive shading ; the black scales are a little more plentiful at the
base, along inner margin, and at apex; basal line whitish, merely a break in the
slight dusting of black ; outer line formed as the basal, but rendered distinct by a
heavier shading of the dusting ot black within, oblique, subparallel with outer margin,
with one inner angulation one third from costa; hind wings olive whitish.—The
Needles, California.

Nephopteryx filiolella, n. sp.

Expands 16 to 18 mm. Palpi reddish brown ; head and thorax brown ; abdomen
brown with an ochreous shading; fore wings brown, ocherish gray along costa, chest-
nut red on posterior median space and outer margin ; basal line blackish, indistinct ;
outer line dark gray, broad, indistinct, edged on both sides with blackish ; hind wings
fuscous, outer margin and veins much darker.—Texas.

Honora glaucatella, n. sp.

Expands 22 mm, Palpi, head and thorax light gray, stained with fuscous; ab-
domen ochreous gray ; fore wings white along costal half and base, stained with
fuscous on posterior half of middle and outer fields ; basal line rounded, indistinct,
edged outwardly with black, broad and heavy in middle, obsolete at both ends ;
discal spot black, prominent ; outer line oblique, wavy, edged both sides with dark

a 18—

fuscous, outwardly becoming black at costa; hind wings faded white, pellucid, yel-
lowish outwardly.—Texas.

Honora obsipella,” n. sp

Expands 23 mm. Palpi light gray beneath, mouse gray above and at tip; thorax
dark brown ; abdomen reddish brown; fore wings reddish brown at base, more
marked just within basal line; basal line well out, dentate, distinct ; middle field
reddish brown, discal spot blackish, faint, elongate horizontal ; outer line strongly
twice dentate inwardly ; outer field reddish brown, except marginal band of gray ;
hind wings dark smoky fuscous.—Texas.

Honora fuscatella, n. sp.

Expands 15 mm. Palpi, antennz: and thorax dark gray fuscous; head and ab-
domen lighter, the latter ringed with very light fuscous ; fore wings light gray, almost
entirely overlaid with gray fuscous, the light gray showing in the cross-lines and
sparingly over the surface ; basal line near the middle of the wing, twice waved,
dentate ; the outer line rectangular below costa, then rounded, angular again near
inner margin ; hind wings pellucid smoky fuscous-—Texas.

Altoona ardiferella, n. sp.

Expands 18 mm. Palpi and head mouse gray with scattered black scales; thorax
gray ; abdomen gray with an ochreous tint; fore wings with a broad gray stripe
along costa ; base and along inner margin to middle of wing reddish ocher ; base
with a black dash ; outer and center portion of middle field fuscous gray ; outer field
gray above, fuscous below ; basal line white, straight, oblique, with black on costal
half outwardly, on inner half inwardly ; outer line near margin lined heavily with
black on both sides near costa, and all the way inwardly ; a marginal line of black
points more pronounced near apex ; hind wings yellowish fuscous. —Texas.

Zophodia longipennella, n. sp.

Expands 25 mm. Palpi dark smoky gray ; head and thorax same color ; ab-
domen light clouded gray; fore wings with a broad white stripe along costa, posteriorly
striated with fuscous gray, gradually merging into the fuscous gray of the rest of the
wing ; basal line hardly discernible ; outer line faint, waved or scalloped, edged with-
in with blackish ; hind wings pellucid, stained whitish.—Texas.

Hardly a typical Zophodia as the palpi are long and the wings very
narrow and extended.
Homceosoma candidella, n. sp.

Expands 20 mm. Palpi and front fuscous ; summit white ; thorax light fuscous;
abdomen light ocher ; fore wings pure chalk white, sparingly dusted with black and
fuscous scales ; costa at base very narrowly black ; basal line indeterminate save by
3 black points ; discal spots black, horizontal oval ; outer line faintly evidenced by a
slight increase of black dusting ; hind wings dark fuscous.—Arizona.

Bandera cupidinella, n. sp.

Expands 18mm. Palpi dark gray: head fuscous; thorax ocher fuscous ; ab-
domen ocher ; fore wings, ground color buff ocher, with 3 white stripes, the first sub-
costal from base to apex, the second starting from first about 1/, out from base and
reaching to middle of outer margin, the third on vein 1; all these are edged with
scattered black scales, and all became diffuse and indeterminate outwardly so that
the ocher, white, and the black scales are quite mixed in submarginal space ; hind
wings fuscous pellucid,—Colorado.

ON THE GENUS DIATRAA.
By Pror. C. H. FERNALp.

Amherst, Mass.

The genus Deatrea was established by Guilding in 1832, for the
species which he described as Diatrea sacchar?, but which is without
doubt the same species that Fabricius described in 1794, in his Entomo-
logia Systematica, Vol. III, Part 2, p. 238, under the name Phalena
saccharalis. The habits and life-history of this species have been given
in an excellent manner in the Report of the Department of Agriculture of
the United States for the year 1880.

This genus may be characterized as follows:

Eyes large, hemispherical and naked. Ocelli wanting. Labial palpi
horizontal, nearly as long as the head and thorax. Maxillary palpi tri-
angular and about as long as the head. Antennz about two-thirds as long
as the costa. Front slightly swollen but varying in the different species.

Fore wings about twice as long as wide, the apex right angled and
the outer border slightly and regularly rounded. There are twelve veins,
of which vein 1 js simple at the base and ends a little before the anal
angle ; vein 2 arises a little beyond the middle of the median vein and ends
in the anal angle ; vein 3 arises half way between the origin of vein 2 and
the end of the median vein ; vein 4 arises at the end of the median where

the cross vein begins ; vein 5 arises very near it from the cross vein.
From this point to the origin of vein 6, the cross vein is very fine and
turns in towards the base of the wing forming a right angle. Vein 6
arises quite near to the origin of 7 which last arises from the end of the
subcostal and ends below the apex. Veins 8 and 9g are from the subcostal
a little before the end. Vein 8 ends in the costa quite near the apex and
g ends in the costa a little before it. Vein 10 runs near to and parallel
with the stem of 8 and 9, through the first half of its length. Veins 11
and 12 unite nearly above the origin of vein 10, and separate again before
reaching the costa.

The hind wings have eight veins, three inner border veins and the
frenulum is single in the male but divided in the female. The origin of
veins 2, 3 and 4 is equally distant, but vein 5 arises from a short stem
with 4. Vein 6 arises near the base of the stem of 7 and 8. The cross
vein forms an acute angle pointing towards the base of the wing. The
basal part of the median vein is pectinated on the upper side.

The legs are moderately stout and the vestiture is smooth over the
whole surface of the body and wings. Genital hook present in the male.

The described North American species may be separated by the fol-
lowing table :

—1Z20—

; i Fore wings pale ocher with two parallel dusky cross lines. crambidoides

Fore ‘wings without cross’ limes. i< 2... o.-. 16). - ot ee ee 2

| Fore wings pale ocher yellows: So 0! ee eee oy

’ ( Fore wings seal brown or light brownish yellow...... - differentials
Fore wings with a terminal row of brown spots... ....saccharalis

3 | Fore wings with a terminal brown line................---- allent

I have not seen cramé:doides and it may not belong here. It was
described by Prof. Grote in the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XII, p. 15,
under the genus Cio, but in his New List he put it under the genus
Diatrea, probably because of the absence of the ocelli. Whether it agrees
with Dra/rgza in venation remains to be determined.

Diatrza alleni, n. sp.

Expanse of wings, 30 mm. Head, palpi above and middle part of the collar,
cream white. Outer side of the labial palpi, sides of the head and thorax and the
fore wings, cream-buff. The hinder border of the fore wings as far as vein 1, anda
few longitudinal streaks beyond the dark brown discal spot are paler and the whoie
surface of the wing is evenly and sparsely sp:inkled with minute brown scales. There .
is a fine dark brown terminal line somewhat broken. The fringes are whitish at the
base but darker beyond. The hind winys are of a sordid cream color but lighter on
the basal part. The dark brown terminal line does not reach the anal angle. Fringes
lighter than the adjacent parts of the wings. Underside of the fore wings, pale
fuscous with the brown terminal line reproduced.

Described from one male taken in Orono, Me., by the late Mr.

Anson Allen for whom I name this beautiful species.
Diatrea differentialis, n. sp.

Expanse of wings, 43 mm. in the males ; 54 to61 mm. in the females. Head,
palpi, antennze, thorax and fore wings, seal brown. The top of the head and palpi
and the hinder edge of the fore wings as far as vein 1, are somewhat lizhter and the
fore wings are sprinkled with dark scales. There isa small dark brown discal spot
at the end of the cell and a terminal row of seven spots of the same color, the one at
the anal angle being double. The hind wings are pale fuscous, lighter towards the
base which is of the same color as the abdomen. Underside of the hind wings like the
upper side in color and the underside of the fore wings a little darker. Leys pale seal
brown, darker in front.

The above description is from the male. The female has the head,
palpi, thorax and fore wings of a light brownish yellow color, the latter
sprinkled with brownish atoms. The discal and terminal spots are
similar to those in the male. The remaining parts of the insect are similar
to those in the male except that the shades incline to yellowish. The dif-
ference of color between the two sexes as shown above is most remarkable.

Described from two males and two females taken in Florida in April
and May.

These two species differ from saccharalis in having veins 11 and 12
separate though bent towards each other. Whether this is sufficient to
separate them generically I do not yet feel positive.

—121—

Note on Cerathosia tricolor, Sm.
By A} JR. Gros, AM:

Through the kindness of Mr. Graef I have several specimens of
Cerathosia tricolor, described by Mr. J. B. Smith, on p. 79, Vol. ILI, of
this Journal, as a new genus and species of Arctide from Texas. The
moth is new to me and I do not venture a decided opinion as to its posi-
tion, but I quite decidedly dissent from the position assigned it by Mr.
Smith. In the first place I wish to correct the diagnosis of the neuration.
Mr. Smith says of hind wings: ‘‘5 wanting.” Now 5 is distinctly
present ; weaker, as in many Noc/widée, but midway between 4 and 6.
In the Arctide 4 and 5 are near together. On the primaries there is a
small accessory cell, from the lower and outer angle of which 6 is given
off. From the upper outer angle vein 7 proceeds, throwing off 8 at a
short distance to apex and at a shorter distance g to costa. 3, 4 and 5
are not ‘‘nearly equidistant,” as Mr. Smith says, but 4 and 5 are more
than twice as near at base to each other than to 3. On hind wings the
cell is closed by a weak vein Having studied the neuration of such
Noctuid genera as Spragueia, Grofella and Acopa, the neuration of Cera-
thosia reminds me of these. The singular insect looks like a Lithosian
from the-narrow wings, but the ocelli exclude it. It is not allied to
Psecadia and the Micros, because the hind wings have two internal veins.
The claw on the tibia and especially the embossed front, the tongue, are
all much as we find them in the smaller Noctu:de allied to Grofella. In
the neuration of primaries I wish to correct also Mr. Smith’s statement
that ‘‘10 springs from upper angle of accessory cell.” Vein 10 springs
from the middle of the upper margin of accessory cell. If we correct
these neurational characters on both wings, we shall incline to consider
the moth, notwithstanding its Lithosii-form look, a Noctuid. The clypeus
with its lower edge projecting like a rim and its sub-central button-like ~
projection is quite unlike the Arci#de. It is paralleled by genera in both
Noctuide and Pyralde which I have not by me to compare, The weak
vein 5 of secondaries, equidistant between 4 and 6, springing from the
middle of the weak cross vein closing the median cell, will not allow us
to refer the moth to the Arctizdze. I am sure that onlv a casual re-
semblance would allow us to place the moth, as Mr. Smith desires us to,
next to Usetheisa ( Deiopeia). The ‘‘wing form” is noty-d think, identical
in these two genera. The outer margin of primaries is somewhat oblique
in Cerathosia ; the secondaries not so full. While I should rather con-

sider the Texan form a JVoc/urd, I do not certainly refer the insect there
from the want of material to compare it with. Yet it belongs more natur-
ally to the Noc/u:de from my memory of the structure of many N. Am.
genera. In my opinion the comparison of the insect with Ocnogyna on
account of the tibial claw is wide of the mark and irrelevant.

waa

Cerathosia tricolor, Smith.

By Joun B. Smiru.

Mr. Grote’s remarks on this genus and species are really a matter of
surprise to me, and I feel almost as though I owed an apology to all
Lepidopterists for treating them seriously. However Mr. Grote does cor-
rect me in one particular, and one only, and the acknowledgment of my
error there may serve as an excuse to mention the other points. Mr. Grote
is correct in stating that vein 5 of secondaries is present. It is however
so weak that in the specimens I looked on it as a fold, and in the recent
slides it was totally invisible. Later 11 became visible on the hardening of
the balsam, but very faintly, and variable in the specimens and in one
scarcely visible. This does not control or modify the family reference in
any way, however, since in the ArcHzide the location is not constant,
while in the Zithostide with which this genus has great affinities—so great
indeed that the presence of ocelli alone excludes it—the venation is ab-
solutely paralleled, and vein 5 is present or absent in the same genus.
This Mr. Grote should have known, and he should have known also
that the location of vein 5 in the Moctwide is by no means a constant
factor either as to strength or location. ,

Mr. Grote however utterly fails to refer to the important family
character found in the costal vein, which in no Noctuid arises from the
subcostal, but always from the base, though sometimes forming a con-
nection with the subcostal further on. In this genus the origin of the
custal is so plainly from the subcostal, remote from base, that this feature
alone would locate the insect as to family were it the sole character. The
so-called corrections to my description of the venation of primaries are
purely verbal and imaginary. Mr. Grote knows, if he has studied venation
in any group other than the so often cited genera allied to Spragueia,
that the accessory cell, even in the same species, often varies in size and
form, and that in the same insect it may be present on one side and ab-
sent on the other. In Cadlimorpha I have drawn attention to this fact in
my paper on the species. The differences pointed out by Mr. Grote are
due wholly to individual variation, and though great in sound, are great
in no other way. In reference to vein 7 and its derivatives, renewed
examination bears out my description fully. I am ready to believe how-
ever that Mr. Grote’s description is also correct. As to vein 10 again,
he says that it arises from the middle of the upper margin while I say
upper angle. Another verdal correction, The specimen from which |
described had a short but rather wide accessory cell somewhat diamond
shaped, the widest part considerably toward outer margin. The lower

——123—

angle of this diamond gives off 6, the tip of cell 7 and derivatives, the
upper angle gives off 10. In a specimen in which the angle of the dia-
mond is more near the middle, vein ro while still arising from the upper
angle, will also arise from the middle. To make so much of so little
illustrates the character of Mr. Grote’s entire criticism. Finally Mr. Grote
utterly fails to state that in most, if not all the Avecfde with accessory
cell the neuration is practically the same as in the Wocfuzde, except in
one important particular, for while in the Noc/uide the dorsal or internal
vein is forked at base, in the Arcéide and Lithosiide it is simple. Now
of these two really family characters, viz: character of dorsal vein of
primaries and origin of subcostal of secondaries which make this genus
distinctively Archid Mr. Grote says absolutely nothing, while ‘‘ from
memory ” he allies it in venation to Gro/edla et al, with which it has not
even a habital resemblance.

The characters of head structure and tibial armature are Noctuiform
as Mr. Grote says, and when I first called attention to this insect asa
new Arciid, before the Entomological Society Washington, Prof. Riley
at once challenged the location on these grounds. I proved to his and
my own satisfaction that this structure was not controlling, and he at
once agreed that I was probably correct. I cite this as showing that the
point was not overlooked. ‘The tibial armature is not unique—several
of the Arcizd genera, including Ocnogyna have a similar armature—nor
indeed is the clypeal structure, for Cydosta has almost identically the
same—a point probably unknown to Mr. Grote.

I have gone fully into this matter in a paper presented 8-10 months
ago for publication in the U. S. National Museunt, but not yet reached.
Wherever Cerashosia goes there must Cydosia g6 also.

I have replied thus at length to Mr. Grote’s remarks because they
were so utterly absurd that their very baselessness might challenge belief.
Also to prove that ‘‘memory” is a bad staff to rely on in scientific work,
and especially when it is in the form of criticism of another’s work.

>> +<_____

Collecting Notes on Lepidoptera.
By A, G. WExEs, Te

Among the White Mountains from July 8th to the 2oth, I found the
following species of diurnal Lepidoptera :—Pap. furnus, Lim. proser-
pina, var. arthemis, Lim. dissipus, Grapta comma, Grapta J-album, Van.
antiopa, Van. milbert, Mel. phaeton, Chion, semidea, Mel. Harristy,
Phyc. tharos, Lyc. pseudargiolus, Arg. cybele, Arg. atlantis, Arg.

—124—

tala, Colias philodice, Pieris rape, Chrys. americanus, Arg. myrina.
and several common species of the Hesperide. .

Lim. arthemis was very common, frequenting the beds of brooks,
open lanes, and sunny spots in the woods. On damp sandy spots they
were often gathered in bunches of fifteen to thirty. and especially about
bits of decaying matter and the dung of wild animals. Other varieties of
this species were not seen.

At the summit of Mt. Kearsage, I took Lzm. arthemis, Mel. Har-
risit, Van. antiopa, Pap. turnus, &c. In fact the altitude. 3200 feet, does
not interfere with the habits of valley butterflies.

I reached the summit of Mt. Washington on July 11th. Chion.
semidea were unusually abundant there this season, and their numbers
were remarked by all visiting there. Undoubtedly the best locality tor
them is the ‘‘ Alpine Garden,” about two miles from the summit on the
right of the carriage road (see Ento. Am., Vol. III, No. 1, p: 120? Bhe
majority taken were females heavily laden with eggs. Presuming these
were the first brood, emerging from July rst to the roth, it is reasonable
to suppose that a second brood is perfected before their season closes,
about the middle of August. How peculiar the habits of this butterfly !
In times of distress, they seek the rocks, and falling into the crevices
among small stones, they show the agility and nimbleness of spiders in
secreting themselves. On the 13th, a severe storm swept over the
mountain, the heaviest July storm for thirteen years. The wind travelled
go to 120 miles an hour, and at times 140 miles. ‘Ihe thermometer fell
to 24° F., and snow was piled a foot deep, extending two miles below
the summit. The effect of this extreme weather on C. semidea was
scarcely perceptible, as far as their number was concerned, for after the
storm on the 15th, they were out as thickly as before, but badly broken
and worn. I found them also on neighboring summits, but not abund-
antly.

I spent nearly two days on these summits in a fruitless search for
Arg. montinus. Reports from other collectors preceding me this summer
were equally disappointing as to this butterfly.

I took Lim. arthemis and Pap. tur mus at an altitude of 6000 feet.
At an altitude of 4000 feet one finds nearly all varieties of butterflies com-
mon to the valleys, flies, mosquitos, midgets, and other plagues almost
unknown 1000 feet higher. In the vicinity of ‘‘Crawford’s,” I found the
food plant of Jet. phaefon and took several worn out specimens.

Arg. atlantis was undoubtedly the commonest fly seen, with Zzm.
arthemis a good second. Grapfa J-album, Colias philodice, and Pierts
rape were scarce. As to Arg. montinus, | was greatly disappointed in
not getting some points of interest.

NTON UC IC
AMERICANA

VOL. IV. BROOKLYN, OCTOBER, 1888. NO. 7.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB

OF THE A. A. A: S:.
[President’s Address. ]

{Continued from page r12.]

Some arguments and suggestions against individual collections have
been made in “‘ The Entomologist” for 1887, and in ‘‘ Psyche” for June
r888 there is an approving citation of such an expression.

I do not at all agree with such ideas. The advantages of individual
collections for scientific purposes are immense, and the best work ever
done has been done in private collections, even in countries with many
and large Museum collections. A Museum cannot allow its specimens to
be handled as an individual can—it cannot consent to any destruction of
any except really duplicate material, even to clear up questions of scientific
value—it must limit the times of work.

An individual collection is always at the service of the owner for any
purpose: he can mutilate or destroy his specimens ad “bitum. He can
remount, denude, dissect or do anything else he chooses. Best of all, his
collection is always handy. He can go to it at any hour of the day or
night to solve a doubt—to verify an idea or to test a theory. Museum
collections in this country too are not so numerous that any arguments
made for the London collectors could be given much weight here.

I would say therefore, make individual collections by all means and
make them as extensive as time and scientific work will permit. Preferably
make a special collection and try and complete that, even at the expense
of the other groups.

And let me suggest too that in making such a collection the date of
capture, the exact locality and some indication as to habit be given. This,

a

with a series of early stages and a sufficient number of specimens to show
the variation will make an almost ideal collection.

Private collections must largely remain the gatherers, therefore—the
Public Museum must be the conservator—the keeper and preserver of
the life labors of the student, the open record of work done, to be veri-
fied by subsequent workers in the same field. A place of resort for
students to see the material with which their predecessors worked, and
to remember in their greater knowledge, when they contemptuously cast
aside the earlier conclusions that but for these incomplete observations
their own results would not be so full, and to cons:der too that a future
generation will be apt to treat the present much as the present now treats
tue past.

This does not mean at all that a museum should be on/y a record—
it should also seek in all wavs to accummulate material and to become a
known and influential element in the progress of Science.

In his able address to the Ent. Soc. of London, Dr. Sharp speaks
of the aims of public collections and emphasizes the fact of their being a
record. He prominently urges the fact that collections ow made are im-
portant and should be urged, as civilization, especially in Islands is en-
tirely changing the faunal condition, so that in a few years no trace of the
peculiarities now existing will be discoverable. No collector in the vicinity
of rapidly growing American cities can fail to be struck by Dr. Sharp’s
arguments. He says that a single pair of goats on an Island previously un-
inhabited by them can change the entire fauna. I know that a herd of
cows introduced into my favorite collecting ground near Brooklyn, pro-
duced this effect in a single year, and within my experience the fauna of
the Western end of Long Island has undergone a complete change.

The observations of Dr. Hamilton on this subject recorded some
years since in the Canadian Entomologist, strikingly illustrate the same
subject.

The importance to a museum of acquiring individual collections
thus exemplified, local collectors, even with but small collections,
should see to their deposit in a Museum to preserve in that way a record
of the fauna at a definite period.

The curator of such an institution should be a working systematist,
and he will find his hands full in keeping his charge abreast of the times,
He should also be a specialist, able by his scientific work to inspire con-
fidence and attract material—in his own specialty at least, to render the
collection in his charge, pre-eminent—not however to the neglect of
branches outside.of his specialty.

There are several Institutions, but only two which seem to me to fill
all of the requisitions to invite deposit of collections, viz: the Museum of

Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, and the National Museum at Wash-
ington,

In many States there are colleges and other institutions having col-
lections, but in the rarest instances have they a competent person in
charge, and the usual fate of the collection, afier the retirement of the
person making it, is dust and decay. I know several such collections.

The collection in Cornell University at Ithaca, N, Y., is a shining
exception. Here Prof. Comstock is, by earnest and persistent labor
getting together a good collection, deter:nined by specialists in each order. |
Prof. Comstock has original ideas on Museums, and his block system for
cabinet boxes, and the bent neck vials have been cescribed and figured
by him. Whether Prof. Comstock’s successor will appreciate and carry
gut his work is of course another question.

The Boston Society of Natural History has a general collection of
considerable extent, but no special curator of insects. Mr, [Hcnshaw,
the present curator of invertebrate Zoology, is fortunately an Entomo-
logist, and able to appreciate the valuable material now in the Museum,

The American Museum of Natural History has allowed one typical
collection to go to ruin in the most unwarrantable manner, and has al-
lowed individuals to handle the material whose knowledge of the subject
was such that they /ook off the labels on the few still existent types of
Robinson's Tortricidz, and thus desuioyed the value of the imperfect
remnants of what was once a valuable collection of Lepidoptera. The
treatment of other orders and collections was not more enlightened. They
have just appointed a curator at a very small salary and have not as yet
shown any disposition to give him any facilities for work.

In Missouri, 60 drawers prepared for the State by Prof. Riley con-
taining a large lot of Biological material of value was allowed to go to
ruin by simple neglect.

The American Entomological Society has a large collection of Insects
owned by it, or on deposit, but no salaried officer to take care of it. So
much intelligent care has however been accorded the collection that there
has been little loss. In Coleoptera, the Wilt collection has given them a
large material in addition to the large lot of species previously on hand.

In Lepidoptera there is a large amount of material well determined
by Grote and others, typical of mauy of the older described species.
There are also many of the types of Clemens’ Micros.

In Hymenoptera the Cresson collection is on deposit, and they have
also a very fair lot of species in some other orders. Altogether there is a
fair nucleus for a collection, needing only a competent salaried curator
to develop and increase it. The insects are in large cabinet drawers,
cork-lined.

--128—

Of the two Public Institutions first above mentioned, the Cambridge
Museum is very much the older and more extensive, and in the choice
of the curator of Entomology, has been singularly fortunate, not only in
the character and ability of the gentleman placed in charge, but also in
the fact that he has been able to spend so many active years in developing
and perfecting his plans for a comprehensive collection.

Dr. Hagen has well appreciated the responsibilities of a Museum
and its aims, and has labored to accumulate and preserve, allowing his
personality to interfere singularly little with his duties to the Museum.

A brief statement of what American material the Museum has and
the manner of its preservation may be interesting.

The collections are all in cabinet boxes of uniform size, 16 x 19
inches, glass covered, and painted inwardly with white zine paint. | Dr.
Hagen does not approve of cork, and the insects are pinned directly into
the bottom made of Linden, I believe, or some other soft white wood.
The frame of the box is of Poplar, and the cover fits into the frame by
means of a tongue and groove, making a very tight joint. The cabinets
are uniform in size and each contains 2 sections of g drawers each. ‘The
drawers are interchangeable, and the cabinets close with a door to each
section. Tight boxes and care are Dr. Hagen’s reliances to preserve from
damage by Museum pests, and they are sufficient where the material is
not in constant use.

Among the Museum’s treasures is the Leconte collection of Coleop-
tera, and its place here illustrates one of the uses of a Museum—it per-
petuates the collection, and allows access to it by students desirous of
following in the footsteps of this illustrious leader. I have not seen the
collection since its installation in the Museum, but believe it is left in its
original boxes, they being placed in the Museum boxes. The other col-
lection of Coleoptera is good ; but the knowledge that one day the Leconte
collection would rank among its treasures has prevented any special at-
tention to this order. One of the advantages of a Museum is, gentlemen,
it never dies—it can afford to wait.

Next in order—perhaps actually superior in completeness and cer-
tainly superior in showing a full series of exotics—is the collection of
Neuroptera. This is Dr. Hagen’s specialty and shows the advantage of
having the curator a specialist—it puts it in one group at least on a some-
what better*footing temporarily—a future curator will probably have some
other specialty ; but the advantage gained in the Neuroptera, will never
be lost.

In the Diptera, a glance at Osten-Sacken’s catalogue will show the
wealth of the collection. Osten-Sacken deserves the sincere thanks of
American students for his liberal and enlightened course of placing

American types where American students could get hold of them—an
example by no means generally followed by Americans themselves.

In the Lepidoptera, the collection does not rank high. I have been
over the Heterocera several times and over the Rhopalocera on one oc-
casion and it ranks far behind the individual Lepidopterological collec-
tions enumerated. It has however many types of Packard's description,
mostly in miserable condition, and many species named by Zeller, which,
considering that this author wrote considerably on our species, are valuable.

The Chambers’ types of Tineidee add little perhaps to the value of
the collection owing to their poor condition.

What the representation is in the other orders, I confess I do not
know. It is certainly good, without having any special claims to high
rank. In the AZriapods Meinert’s recent paper shows the collection of
Chilopoda to be a good one.

Dr. Hagen has also devoted much time to the formation of a biolo-
gical collection, and has accumulated an extremely interesting and in-
structive series, largely however of European species.

The Cambridge Museum is well worthy a visit by any entomologist,
and specialists in some orders cannot afford zo/ to visit it.

The last branch of my subject and the end of my tax on your pati-
ence is a review of the insect collections in the U. S. National Museum,
with which I have the honor to be connected as assistant curator.

By the courtesy of Prof. Riley the Honorary Curator, I have per-
mission to tell all that I know myself; as I have learned in the three years
that I have worked in it to love and know the collection as though it
were my own I may be pardoned if I speak somewhat enthusiastically of
this collection and its future.

I will first give an account of how our collection is kept, and this
subject was a matter of very full discussion between Prof. Riley and my-
self before a final standard was agreed upon. Prof. Riley had care-
fully studied the methods in use in museums here and abroad, and the
standards adopted, seemed to him most practical and safe.

Two styles were finally adopted as most convenient and best adapt-
ed for the varying wants of various orders.

The one is a small, 8x13 inches wooden box 27/, inches deep, calcu-
lated for the temporary reception of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and
Hemiptera; the other a square, glass covered drawer 18x18 outside meas-
urement, for Lepidoptera and the other orders containing large insects and
as permanent cabinet drawer. Our small boxes are all cork-lined, since
all concerned are believers in the convenience and utility of that material,
the top and bottom are of cross-grained thin pine stuff, the two thick-
nesses calculated to control warping. Inside they are lined with white

glazed paper and they close over a tongue forming a perfectly tight joint
all around. ‘The rows of insects are transverse, and the boxes set on
shelves, a neat label in a brass holder indicating the contents, ‘The shelv-
ings are closed by glass doors, excluding dust and pests, and yet allow-
ing the legends on the labels to be plainly seen, We have seen no reason,
to find fault with this scheme thus far, it bas worked perfectly and given
complete satisfaction.

The Museum Cabinet drawers are a modification by Prof. Riley set
the British Museum box. They were adopted as combining convenience,
durability and safety in an unusual degree. They consist really of two
boxes, the inner about */, inch from the outer and of '/, inch poplar, a
tongue from the cover fitting into: the interval, Napthaline, or any
other repellant can be placed in the chamber between the inner and outer
box without soiling the paper or specimens., The bottoms are cork lined
and papered with a white glazed paper.

The drawers run in grooves and are inter- changeable. They are in
cabinets containing 2 sections of 10 drawers each, each section closed by
a door. The materials now used are cherry for cabinets and mahogany
for drawers, save the bottoms which are of 3-ply pine veneer,

It is almost impossible for museum pests to get into these drawers
with reasonable care in excluding infested specimens, and Napthaline
constantly kept in the space between the boxes retards or controls devel-
opment to such an extent as to render damage practically impossible.

The most important feature however is the collection itself and few
have any idea of the wealth of material awaiting arrangement. The ac-
cumulation of material, considering the time of existence, is wonderful.

For many years Government expeditions had been collecting mate-
rial which wandered into individual collections, or was stored until de-
stroyed. The Smithsonian Institution allowed one collection at least to
‘go to ruin and others would have been lost bad they not been distributed.
A few years ago Prof. Riley induced the authorities to establish a De-
partment of Insects. As a nucleus to a national collection, he first de-
posited, and afterwards, when provision was made for a salaried officer,
donated his entire collection.

This collection forms the starting point of the Department of In-
sects, and most, if not all of the gentlemen present have seen a detailed
statement of its contents, published in most scientific journals at the time.

In this collection was contained not only the material accumulated
by 25 years of collecting and labor, but also the Burgess collection of
Diptera purchased by Prof. Riley, and the American collection of
Mr. Belfrage also purchased by that gentleman, altogether representing
15328 species in 115058 specimens besides nearly 3000 vials of alcoholic
material and about 3000 slides of microscopic insects.

The Exotics of the Belfrage collection were also purchased by the
Department of Agriculture and turned over to the Museum. Since that
time there has been acquired the Lepidoptera collection of Mr. O. Meske,
in its.day one.of the-best and most complete, my own collections in Co- |
leoptera and Lepidoptera, rich in both orders and typical in some fami-
lies of each, and the remnants of the Morrison Collection, principally
Coleoptera.

The sources of income in addition, have been from the continuous
breeding and collections of the Entomological Division of the Depart-
ment of. Agriculture and its agents, the deposit of types described in
Museum publications and the ordinary accessions from Government ex-
peditions and Smithsonian correspondents.

To review special orders—we are most rich in Lepidoptera, both
Macros and Micros, without reaching the level of the best individual col-
lections in either branch. In the American series however, we have a
very large proportion of unique and typical material.

In Coleoptera our material is richer than in any individual collection
save those especially enumerated in the first part of this paper.

In the Diptera we have an exceedingly rich, if somewhat unarranged
material. In Syrphide we have nearly all of Dr. Williston’s types and
an almost if not quite complete representation of described species.

» In Bombyhide. we have many of Mr. Coquillett’s types, and fully
twice as many speties as are enumerated in Osten-Sacken’s Catalogue. In
many other families the collection is proportionately rich.

uy In /ymenoptera-we have a very large material, much of it well de-
termined. ‘The numerous parasitic forms bred in the Department work
have all passed through Mr. Howard’s hands and are accurately determ-
ined, the Cynipids have been arranged by Mr. Ashmead, and in Afide
our material is especially rich,

Specialists in all these orders will find much that is new and rare in
our collections.

In Orthopiera our collections are especially rich and well determ-
ined ; Thomas, Riley and Bruner having been over parts or all of it.
Mr. Bruner has been of late in connection with Prof. Riley accumulating
material for a monograph of the Acridid@ and this material will also go
to the Museum.

In Hemiptera our collection is good, without being remarkable in
any particular: it has been worked over by Prof. Osborn, and parts of it
by Prof. Uhler.

In Neuropiera, our collection is undeniably poor, except perhaps in
early stages, though probably next in importance to that at Cambridge
as the order is so very generally neglected by collectors.

In Arachnida we have the advantage of Dr. Marx’s collections and
labors. Our material is largely in his hands for determination and will
prove an excellent one. In the Scorpiones we have probably all but
one or two of Wood's types, and several new species.

In Afyriapoda our material is very rich in species and specimens.
Many of Wood’s types are still here, and our older material has been de-
termined for us by Prof. L. M. Underwood. The same gentleman on a
recent collecting trip through parts of Georgia, added a considerable
quantity of material in this sub-class.

Mr. C. H. Bollman of Bloomington, Indiana, has within the last

year or two described many species of Myriopoda, a large proportion of

the types of which are in our collection.

In addition to this there is a very large and important class of material
which has not yet been mentioned at all —viz: the Biologic material. In
this, the collection is incomparably rich, nearly all of the results of Prof,
Riley’s breedings and of the work done in the Department of Agriculture
being represented in it.

Nowhere else is there such an abundance of adolescent stages in all
orders, blown and in alcohol.

This vast mass of material is being slowly put into shape. The de-
mands upon the time of the Museum officers in routine work, answering
inquiries, making determinations &c., are so great that progress is not so
rapid as desirable. However, the Orthopfera are completely arranged.
The Hemiptera-Heteroptera are also in good shape. In the Lepidopiera
about half the work is done. In Coleoptera a good beginning has been
made—in Hymenoptera and Dipiera isolated families only have been put
into shape. It is expected however that greater facilities will be provided
hereafter in laboratory space which will advance work much more
rapidly. ‘

A great demand upon time is caused by the necessity of preparing
an Exhibition collection for the Public at large. The Museum, being a
Government Institution, of course demands a visible result in its Exhibi-
tion Halls from all its Departments, and with this aim a large number of
boxes, 24. x 30 inches, has been prepared and is being prepared. In
all we have nearly 100 such boxes besides a large quantity of other Exhi-
bition material.

It has been deemed wise in this series to separate the scientific, pract-
ical, and merely interesting sides.

For the first we have prepared, and very nearly finished, a complete
synopsis of the class. A single box defines the sub-classes and orders,
each illustrated by specimens or drawings. Following this, in each order
all the families and higher divisions are defined on printed labels, and

Ears a

nearly each family is represented by specimens and drawings of structural
peculiarities. 50 of these boxes will constitute this series which will thus
be a complete text book of North American Entomology, illustrated by
the insects themselves. ‘Thirty-seven of these boxes are complete, and
for the balance the labels are printed, most of the drawings made, and
many of the specimens selected.

For the practical or economic side we have a series of 8 boxes, illu-
strating insect injuries to forest trees. So far as possible all stages of the
insects as well as samples of their work are shown. Brief descriptive
labels are added in a large proportion of cases. 14 boxes illustrate insects
injurious to cultivated plants, and the arrangement is similar, save that
here the insect enemies of the injurious species are also given. A printed
label directs to the chief article on the subject and gives in brief words the
nature of the remedies to be used. 8 boxes are devoted to native and
foreign silk producers.

In all we have on Exhibition about 3,200 species in about 10,000
specimens, beside architecture of insects. 16 boxes contain Exotic Co- -
leoptera and Lepidoptera, and 6 contain American Lepidoptera, furnish-
ing the third part of the series.

In describing the objects and aims of the National Museum collec-
tions I cannot do better than quote from Prof. Riley’s Report as Curator, for
1886. He says: ‘Collections of objects intelligently brought together,
are necessarily educational in influence; but a National collection of In-
sects, on account of the very great number of species, and the exceeding
minuteness and fragility of the great majority of the species, as compared
with other animals, must needs have a dual character, and should con-
sist of (1) the cabinet or study collection proper, and (2) the exhibit col-
lection.”

“The ideal Cadznet collection of a National Museum should repre-
sent, as completely as possible, the insect fauna of the country properly
classified and determined. It can, necessarily, have little interest for the
public at large and should be consecrated to the use of the Specialist.
and to the advancement of the Science of Entomology. For this purpose
it should be most carefully guarded and conserved in the best made
drawers and cases, and secured alike from light and the too constant
handling of the mere curious. It should constitute a study collection to
which workers are drawn for unpublished facts, and for comparisons and
determinations. It should be so well conserved and provided for, as to
induce describers of new species to add to it their types or authentic
duplicates thereof. It will be many years ere such an ideal collection can
be got together, and none now living may witness it ; but the material on
hand, forms a good foundation for it.”

‘

—134—

‘*The Lxhibit collection should be something entirely independznt
and apart from the other, and, on account of the rapid deterioration of
insect specimens constantly on exhibition and necessarily much exposed
to light. should consist. as far as possible, of duplicates only, or of such
commoner species as can be easily replaced. Intended for the instruction
and edification of the lay visitor to the Museum, it should illustrate in the
boldest possible way the salient characters of the class, the larger classi-
ficatory divisions and the structure on which they are based, the wonder-
ful metamorphoses and economies of the commoner and more easily
recognized species, and particularly in their relations to man either
directly or indirectly through injury or benefit.

The value of such an exhibit collection depends very much on con-
spicuity, and this can best be obtained by the liberal use of diagrams and
enlarged drawings, as the majority of the most interesting species and
those which concern man are almost microscopical in size. Such an ex-
hibit collection will miss its mark and object whenever it exceeds these
limits and by too much detail seeks to interest and instruct the Specialist
or in other ways trenches on the function of the study collection.”

Prof. Riley then further shows what a vast source of increase to the
Museum collection is the Department of Agriculture at which the most
interesting material is constantly received, especially in specimens of bio-
logic interest, which renders necessary and extremely desirable the form-
mation of a separate Biological collection.

Parallel therefore with the study collection will be the Biologic collec-
tion illustrating so much as is possible of the life history of each species.

The aim will be to create and develope a truly National collection, in
which American Entomologists can take pride, to which they can resort for
study at all times and in which they can feel a certain right of property.

To accomplish this it will be necessary to obtain the cheerful assist-
ance of all American Entomologists. If each collector or student would
send duplicate series of types, the collections would soon reach a very
high standard: and if students—specialists with large collections would
provide for a transfer of their collections to the Museum, when they can
not further need them, the results of their work would be preserved to
their fellows and successors, and the aims of the Museum would be ina
fair way to fulfillment.

The Museum as a Government Institution is reasonably certain to
grow and continue while the Government exists, and no better place it
seems to me can be found to deposit collections.

Its connection with the Smithsonian Institution, will enable it also
to accumulate original collections specially made for it and will give it
an importance as a study collection second to none in the world.

My

—135—

ON THE GENUS SCHCENOBIUS.
By Pror. C. H. FErnacp.

Ambherst, Mass.

The genus Schanobius was established by Duponchel in 1844, in
his Catalogue Methodique, page 312, with the European giganiellus, S.
Y., as the type. For the purpose of re-arranging our North American
species, I have made a careful study of gigan/ed/us, and would characterize
the genus as follows :

Head of medium size, Eyes large, globose, naked and without lashes. Ocelli
present ; proboscis short er rudimentary. Front clothed with a wedge-shaped tuft of
hairs extendiny forward, Labial palpi horizontal, as long as the head and thorax ;
maxillary palpi triangular, as Jong as the head and resting on the labial palpi. An-
tennee ciliated and about two-thirds as long as the costa in the males, simple and
nearly half as leng as the costa in the females. Thorax smooth ; abdomen ending in
a dense tuft in the females, simple in the males. Claspers somewhat spoon-shaped
and clothed with scales on both sides. The genital hook is present with an accessory
hook curving up and meeting it at the apex.

Legs long and slim, with the inner spurs twice as long as the outer.

Wings leng and narrew. Fore wings with twelve veins. Veins 5 and 6 remote
from each other and the cross vein between them is fine and forms a right angle
pointing towards the base of the wing. Veins $ and 9, arise from a common stem
and 8 ends in er very near the apex, while 9 ends in the cesta before it. The other
veins are separate.

The hind wings have eight veins, 3, 4 and 5 separate at their origin but near
each other ; 7 and 8 from.a common stem, and 6 arises near the angle of the cell.
The cross line makes an acute angle into the cell. Frenulem single in the male, di-
vided in the female. Median vein not pectinate above.

The sexes differ so much in some of the species and there is so great
variation that the following table for separating the species is only given
provisionally :

Molinuamminrs orayewith a Silky luster: Jc. ony ones sasicie es a= 2 See ele = sordidellus.
Seeetmtmmines white ornearly SOx. 34225 ve< ds cas fh -ln <P abde ss nea esin bmw 2.
», | Fore wings yellowish fuscous with a broad whitish costal stripe. .albicostellus.
e) Pore was without a whitish costal stripe........:..26s 0. s20 Gece srs eee aes 3:
Hieamines.wirdout terminal: dotsic:. i sicsice csvsts leielwielcteslearcie =/ctelalt =o) ols eeeetae 4.

3) Fore mn Smuiumaterminal Gots). 2 N.i0 cain eciscie se 6 <4 essteepiaesel) Oe fete art eietsiereaane 5.
Fore wings dark fuscous with a prominent discal dot....... unipunctellus, ©.

4) Fore wings bright yellow, usually without a discal dot ........ melinellus, ©.
eeeneawincs palestraw yellow .)..)..<) see. acigs ole sncc tele: longirostrellus.

| Fore wings light ocher yellow with a fuscous shade through the middle .......

3 } dispersellus, ©.
Dee ea oe ho 0 we 5 on nie mnie old a cig eee st ae en ee pees alate 6.

6 { Fore wing with three dark dots on the surface................. tripunctellus.
P wrormurne withrcnie dark discal dot’. ....c.c200cvsece-0h saree nae ounce "fe
Terminal points present on the hind wings.................. clemensellus.

7. ) Terminal points wanting on the hind wings. ............. unipunctellus, ¢.

--136—

S. sordidellus, Zinck.

This species has not hitherto been observed since Zincken first de-
scribed it in 1821 in the 4th volume of Germar’s Magazine der Ento-
mologie, page 247.

Neither of Clemens’ species could be referred to it nor was it known
to Robinson, but I have just received a series from Prof. Forbes, taken
in Illinois and two from Mr. Hulst, taken in Florida. There are thirty-
one males and two females in the series from Prof. Forbes. Zincken’s
description was of a male and he says that ‘‘the female probably has
pointed wings,” which proves to be true. I have drawn up the follow-

ing description from the series before me.

Expanse of wings, 25 to 33 mm. in the males ; 32 to 43 mm. in the temales.

Head, palpi, thorax and fore wings, ashy gray, but tinged with ochreous in some
specimens. The hind wings and abdomen are of the same color as the fore wings
but perhaps a shade lighter and without any ochreous tinge. The fringes are much
lighter, especially those of the hind wings. There is terminal row of nine black or
dark brown spots which rest on the ends of the veins and a similar row of dark spots
on the hind wings, all of which are visible on the underside. There is also a dark
brown spot resting on the lower outer angle of the cell, and fresh examples show a
sprinkling of minute brown scales over the upper surface of the fore wings. In addi-
tion to the above markings, some of the specimens have a spot of the same color on
the middle of the base of the wing, one on the upper outer angle of the cell; two on
the subcostal vein rather nearer to each other than to the base or end of the cell;
three on the fold, one near the base, one on the outer third and one rather within the
middle of the fold ; two on vein 1, the first on the middle and the second half way
between this and the anal angle. There is also an arcuate row of eight spots resting
on the veins beyond the end of the cell, the first one resting on the end of vein 9, on
the costa a little before thé apex, the last on vein 2, a little beyond its origin where
there is another spot. All these spots are of the same color but a little larger than
the terminal points.

The underside of the wings and body as well as the legs is a shade lighter than
above, and the whole surface of the insect has a silky luster,

S. unipunctellus, Robs. Ana. Ly. N.H., N. Y., Vo’. IX, 1870.

Robinson’s description is a follows :

‘*Palpi, head and thorax fuscous. Anterior wings uniform dark fuscous with a
large prominent black dot at the end of the cell on the middle. Posterior wings and
tringes pure white. Abdomen and anal tuft white or very pale fuscous. Expanse,
20mm. Habitat, Texas. The uniform dark color and prominent black discal dot
readily distinguish this species.’’

Robinson’s three types which I now have before me, are females in
rather poor condition. I have two females and several males from
Florida in somewhat better condition than the types but have nothing
to add to the above description.

S. tripunctellus, Robs.

‘*Palpi, head and thorax, whitish cinereous, the former white beneath. Anterior
wings whitish cinereous, finely powdered with pale fuscous scales. On the told at

watcha

bas
el

basal third an improminent dark dot, a similar more prominent dot on the middle at
the end of the disk, and a third below it, near internal margin. Terminal dots dark
fuscous, minute. Posterior wings, fringes and undersurface of both pairs glossy
white. Abdomen and anal tuft white. Expanse 22 mm. Habitat, Texas.”’

Robinson wrote the above description from three females in very
poor condition. I now have three males from Texas before me with
the types and would add that fresh specimens have terminal dots on all
the wings, a dot on the fold near the base, another on the outer third
of the median vein and an oblique stripe from near the apex down to
the hind margin through the outer dot on the fold, all of a dark brown
color.

S. melinellus, Clem.

This species was described by Clemens in the Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia for the year 1860, p. 205.
The following is his brief diagnosis :

**Ochreous yellow. Fore wings with a pale fuscous streak along the middle of
the fold, extended nearly to the tip, and a faint oblique line of the same hue, from the

tip, not extended to the hind margin. Hind wings pale yellowish white. Abdomen
tufted.”

The type of this species is not in existence and was probably de-
stroyed before the Clemens collection was given to the Am. Ent. Soc.
Dr. Clemens does not say whether there are terminal dots or not. It
may have had them, since in the same paper he described SS. dongirostrel-
lus which has terminal dots and he did not mention them. His type
was undoubtedly a female since he mentiones the abdominal tuft.

Robinson in his paper in the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural
History of N. Y., Vol. IX, 1870, described what he believed to be
melinellus as follows: ‘‘ Palpi, head and thorax ochreous, the palpi pale
internally. Anterior wings varying from pale to dark ochreous, shaded
more or less prominently with fuscous above the middle from the base
to the apex. A dark fuscous dot, sometimes obsolete, at the end of the
cell, and a more or less prominent oblique streak from the apex to the
middle of the wing. There are xo terminal dark dots before the ochreous
fringes. Posterior wings and fringes white or pale yellowish white.
Expanse, Q 24 to 28mm. Habitat, Penn., N. Y. This species agrees
most nearly of any in my collection with Dr. Clemens’ brief description.”

I have before me Robinson’s two examples from which he wrote
the above description and also eight other examples from Mass. and
London, Ontario. Robinson lays stress on the absence of terminal
points in this species, but in some of the specimens before me there are
faint indications of terminal points, and in fact this species grades so
imperceptably into dspersellus that I am not able to separate them. It
is impossible to say which of these forms Clemens made his description

—138—

from, but I believe it to have been from one of them. I am therefore
disposed to regard melinellus and dispersellus as varieties of the same
species,

S. dispersellus, Robs.

I have forty-seven females including the types, and three males of
this type before me. I was disposed to think at first that I had several
species but now conclude that they all belong to one very variable
species. The following description will cover the varieties before me.

Expanse of wings, 22 to 26 mm. in the males ; 25 to 38 mm. in the females.
Head, palpi, thorax and forewings testaceous in some specimens and tawny in
others, more or less sprinkled with minute fuscous scales in some. A dark brown
discal dot rests on the lower angle of the cell and there is a terminal row of the same
color scarcely visible in some of the specimens. An oblique stripe of dark brown ex-
tends from near the apex down to or in the direction of a dot on the outer third of the
fold. A more or less prominent dark brown stripe extends from the base of the wing
along the cell to the outer margin near the apex. This marking has every degree of
prominence, from a heavy stripe to complete obliteration. In some specimens the
costal portion of the wing above this stripe is yellowish white, much lighter than the
rest of the wing. This variety may be called albicoste/lus. There is another dark .
brown dot resting on the fold below the middle of the cell.
The hind wings are white, somewhat sordid or yellowish in some of the speci-
mens and there is a row of dark points quite prominent in some, scarcely visible in
others and entirely wanting in others.
The abdomen and anal tuft are white, more or less sordid. The underside of the
hind wings is of the same color as above, and the fore wings are nearly of the same

color and showing to some extent the markings of the upperside.
The males have the fore wings somewhat suffused with fuscous and the terminal
points are more pronounced on both the fore and hind wings.
The synonomy will be as follows : -
Schcenobius melinellus.
Chilo melinellus, Clem. Proc. Phil. Ac. Sc. (1860).
Schenobius melinellus, Robs. Lyc. N. H. of N. Y. (1870).
var. dispersellus. ‘
Schanobius dispersellus, Robs. Lyc. N. H. of N. Y. (1870).
var. albicostellus, Fern. ,

S. clemensellus, Robs.

Robinson gave this name to the species called Chilo aguilellus by
Clemens, because the latter name was pre-occupied, and states that he
has recognized the insect and therefore appends the original description
which is as follows :

«Dark fuscous. Fore wings with an ochreous streak along the sub-median

nervure and its nervules, and those beneath likewise touched with the same hue.
Hind wings yellowish fuscous.”’

I have before me, belonging to the collection of the Am. Ent. Soc.,
a specimen on a short pin with a small label marked Chz/o n. sp. ?, in
Dr. Clemens’ hand-writing and also a large label in Robinson’s hand-

—139—

writing marked Schenodius clemensellus Rob. It is evident that Robin-
son found this specimen and considered it the Clemens type after he
‘ had published his paper.

; I have four male examples before me which have an expanse of
4 wings 22 to 24 mm. The head, palpi, thorax and fore wings are of the
color of burnt umber, lighter along the middle of the thorax and hinder
part of the fore wings. There is a minute dark brown point at the lower
outer angle of the cell and the terminal points are of the same color.
The surface of the wing is sprinkled with umber colored atoms and
there is an obscure oblique dark stripe from near the apex not reaching
across the wing. The hind wings are yellowish white with minute
terminal dark dots in two of the specimens but wanting in the type,
underside of the wing lighter than above.

While I am disposed to believe with Robinson that this is the type
of Clemens, I should not be greatly surprised if it eventually proved
to be only an extreme variety of S. dongirostrellus, Clem.

S. longirostrellus, Clem. *

I have eleven males and three females of this species before me, in-
cluding the types of Clemens and the material that Robinson had when
he made his studies on this species. I also have four specimens of the

European S. /urficellus, to which it is closely related.

Expanse of wings, 22 to 24 mm. in the males; 25 to 27 mm. in the females,

Head, palpi and thorax straw yellow, tinged more or less with fuscous on the
side. Fore wings in the temale straw yellow, sparsely sprinkled with fuscous dots in
one specimen, with a terminal row of brown dots, a similarly colored one on the lower
anvle ot the cell, one on the outer third of the fold and another on the fold near the
middle cf the wing, An oblique brown stripe extends from the apex down to the
outer spot on the fold. Fore wings in the male, yellowish white, more or less sparsely
sprinkled with fuscous atoms. The space above the subcostal vein from the base to
the outer fourth of the costa is more or less tinged with fuscous. There are three
brown dots on the fold: one near the base, the second a little within the middle, and
the third on the outer third of the fold. A similar dot rests on the lower angle of the
cell al the outer end of the median vein and in some specimens there is one on the
upper angle. A minute brown dot rests on the end of veins'1 tog. An oblique stripe
of the same color extends from the apex to the dot on the outer third of the fold and
there is sometimes a curved shade band between this and the outer margin. An
oblique line nearly parallel to the apical stripe extends from the dot near the middle
of the fold up and out to near the middle of the cell where it forms an acute angle
and then extends obliquely up and in till it is finally lost in the costal shade.

Hind wings cream white and without markings in the females bu. with a terminal
row of dark points in the males and in one specimen there are two faint, parallel
fuscous bands from the costa just within the apex, which do not reach beyond vein 2.
Underside of the wings pale fuscous with the terminal points repeated.

I can find no constant differences between this species and the
European /orjicellus, in the material before me, and believe they will
yet prove to be identical.

Perstrialis, Hib. = macrinellus, Zell., and opalescais, Hulst, do
‘ not belong to this genus.

—140—

A GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF THE CICADIDZA.
By Wma. H. AsHMEAD.

Famity I. CICADIDZE.

Head usually short and broad, somewhat triangular, the front convex. Ocelli 3
on the disk of the vertex. Thorax large, broad. Scutellum moderate. Wings long,
vitreous or opaque, with sixteen cells or areas, or with numerous irregular net-like
meshes. Tegulez present. Anterior coxz oblong, prismatic, inserted in the anterior
angle of the prostethium ; middle and posterior cox shorter, sub-conic, sub-contigu-
ous, not reaching the sternum. Anterior femora thickened, toothed beneath. ‘Tibize
cylindric. Tarsi two or three jointed ; no pulvilli between the claws, Males with a
pair of stridulating organs at the base of the abdomen, called drums or tympana ;
consisting of cavities, more or less completely covered with parchment-like lids,
termed the opercules.

Following Amyot et Serville, the family may be divided into three
subfamilies of nearly equal value as follows :

TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES.

Fore wings having but sixteen cells or areas.
Elytra entirely membranous ;::<<:::2..:22:.-- SuBFAMILY I. CICADINZA.
Elytra more or less coriaceous or opaque...... SUBFAMILY II. TOSENINZE.
Fore wings haying their posterior half composed of a net-work of hexagonal meshes,
numerous and irregular ...... ..... SUBFAMILY III]. POLYNEURIN 4.
Of these subfamilies, the last two are apparently strictly tropical
forms, neither being represented in the European or North American

faunas.
SUBFAMILY I. CICADINZA.

This group is an extensive one and species have been described in
it from all parts of the world. Many species have already been de-
scribed from our fauna, and others yet remain undescribed.

The following table compiled principally from the writings of
Amyot et Serville, Fieber, Stal, and Uhler, comprises the genera found
in Europe and North America, and will, it is hoped, enable the student
to readily recognize them.

TABLE OF GENERA.

Peottionayroot Wilated ‘At SIDES: 5. x25 ic /b/sce She, ove cuareio adetalieieversieis « orsiors = Sts taraiene rated 2.
Prothorax dilated at sides.
Lateral dilation of the prothorax angulated.
Ulnar yeins contiguous at base ; interior ulnar area narrowed posteriorly.....
G. 1. Zammara, A. et S.
Ulnar veins somewhat distant at base ; the lateral margins of the interior ulnar
Bremer allel. |. st). .c:ce a's oid soloce og case heeeemerere ew a3! s G. 2. Odopeea, Steel.
Lateral dilations of the prothorax rounded.
Metasteruum elevated.

ony el cata

~

a Sa)

—I4I—

Mesosternum short, transversely broadened, lozenge-shaped ; rostrum ex-
tending to the middle of the mesosternum ; anterior femora with 3 teeth
DEMEAUI MeiSetee es ctre Sayer oe civics i baat tie G: 3. Triglena,, Kieber:

Mesosternum broadly triangular, convex with a short and feeble apical
groove ; rostrum extending to first ventral segment; anterior femora

Wit ateetne heneatlhs Seneciwsickgtlee cee nose ee G. 4. Tettigia, Kollar.
Metasternum not elevated.

Head broad, short; body hairy.............. G. 5. Tettigades, A. et S.

2 Mesothorax not semilunately hollowed out posteriorly ...............005---085 3:

Mesothorax semilunately hollowed out posteriorly.
Metasternum transversely elevated, the elevated part longitudinally impressed,
slightly produced anteriorly, the same truncate or sinuate ..............
G. 6. Fidicina, A. et S.
BelconGimibasparallelomram) <n. xis. was cise So. 08 siereiee,etoe ne 6 Aue) saemenie eee ae 6.
Pronotum trapezoidal.

Mesosternum flattened, sometimes slightly transversely convex behind without a
ROOMS Rt tae che eoalais OSU eae cele oie PMMA: aye a) < i ei Rade eae Pea eee ee 4.

Mesosternum convex with a groove.

Costal and radial veins toward apex contiguous, apical appendage of wings

mederate. Ocelli remote from base of head; drums all uncovered......

G. 7. Tibicens, Latreille.

4 Clypeus at apex truncate or subsinuately truncate ......... SEA ei Soe eeeT as ie
Clypeus at apex acuminate.

Lateral margins of thorax distinct ; last ventral segment in © not or only slightly
eMmanein ate iantheumigdles face ote ene 1-1 G, 8. Tympanoterpes, Stel.

Lateral margins of thorax not distinct. Transverse vein closing the second apical
cell not or scarcely oblique ; costal margin of wing before the middle nearly
straight or very slightly rounded. Front somewhat prominent..........

G. 9. Proarno, Stel.
5 Tympanum present.

Anterior femora with 2 large teeth and a minute one at the extremity ; rostrum
extends only to the extremity of the mesosternum ; <j opercules moderately
large, hiding the mesosternum............ oct... Gio Cicadas tsnne

Anterior femora with 3 teeth beneath ; rostrum extends only to the middle of the
mesesternum 3 <j’ opercules semioval or broadly triangular...............

G.. 11. Cicadatra, Awetis:
Tympanum wanting or rudimentary.

Bilytraswith $ apical cells. 2.200040. oo. ox ..G. 12. Melampsalta, Kollar.
Elytra with 6 apical cells.
Ulnar veins separate at base............... ...G. 13. Platypedia, Uhler.
Wine veins. united at base .....s4j08). neces ese G. 14. Carinata, A. et S.
PIV RR CIVO IUGR TCA CELS:. 6 5:5) 2 di. = are mit eter oeie map 8 yes oct G.15. Calyria, Stzel.
Pivtvanwalmeapical Cells... 0... Saeed eeecsales G.16. Prunasis, Stel.
6 Margins of pronotum joined to the sides in a prominent lobe.
Anterior femora with 3 teeth beneath, ,j' opercules abortive ................+-

G. 17. Cicadetta, A. et S:

7 Head small, forming a very acute angle, much narrower than the prothorax, the
median lobe prolonged into a long point in front of the lateral lobes. ¢¥" oper-

cules small, not entirely covering the sonorous cavities......... ..... ...-.

G. 18. Cephaloxys, Signoret.

The Determination of Hesperide.

By Euvecene M. Aaron.

It is with much pleasure that I have read the first instalment of
Mr. -J. B. Smith’s novel and very instructive address to the Entom. Club
of the A. A. A. 8S. The younger students, as well as some of us who
have been in the field for some years, owe Mr. Smith a vote of thanks
for the address, showing, as it does so clearly, where we can find willing
specialists with capable collections to whom we can refer our unde-
termined specimens.

On page 10g Mr. Smith speaks as follows of my own collection :

‘In the family Hesperide of the Rhopalocera, the collection of
Mr. Eugene M. Aaron of Philadelphia is excellent. Mr. Aaron has
spent much time and money to complete his collection in this family ;
but owing to his numerous business engagements cannot unfortunately
devote much time to his collection at present, and cannot do much for
seekers of informanhon in this family.”

The italics are mine; and it is of the accuracy of the statement
contained in this last clause of which I wish to write. When it was
penned by Mr. Smith it was an exact statement of the facts of the case
as they have existed for the past three years. Fortunately for my peace
of mind, for my collections have been at all times in my thoughts, I
have been able to make business arrangements during the past summer
which will give me for the six months to come, a_ considerable
amount of time to give to the study of the Hesperzde and to the exam-
ination and determination of material from collectors of this puzzling
family.

I have explained elsewhere (Papizio, Vol. IV, p. 171) the methods
adopted by me in 1880 for the determination of all Hesperide, and in
fact all Rhopalocera from America north of the Isthmus of Panama.
These methods are still pursued by me, and at this writing, my Ed-
wards’ and Kirby's Catalogues are complete so far as it is possible to
make them from the Zodlogical Records and from the unequaled libraries
of the American Entomological Society and The Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia. In print or in MS. copy I have the original
description of every species of the Rhopalocera in America north of
Mexico, and in the Hespferide north of the Isthmus. For ready refer-
ence I have had the leading writings of Hiitbner, Geyer, Felder, La
Sagra, Boisduval, Herrick-Schaffer, Poey, Speyer, Mabille, Oberthiir,
Staudinger, et al., carefully translated into English and these MSS.
brought together in a bound form and copiously indexed. All corre-

————————

—143—

spondence from specialists and MS. information relative to habits and
geographical distribution are also gathered together in this manner and
indexed.

Many of the more obscure species have the labels of determination
affixed by such students or collectors as Edwards, Strecker, Morrison,
et al., and in the Hesperide a majority of the species are represented by
series of from 12 to 50 or more specimens. In this family only the
genus Pamphila has more than one absentee in the collection. Begin-
ning with the genus Amélyscir/es, as arranged in Edward’s Catalogue of
1884, Eudamus Electra, Lintn., and Erycides Sanquinea, Scud., are the
only missing species. In the four genera preceeding Pamphila all the
species are represented. In the Zycenide@ and Erycinide, catalogued
as above, the collection is nearly as full; the latter family 1s complete.
These data are given to illustrate the working condition and my literary
material.

If anything in the above shall encourage any collector with material,
the determination of which is not satisfactory to him, to entrust me
therewith for the purposes of identification and study I shall be amply |
repaid by the benefits of the latter and shall do my best to see that he
is promptly benefited by the former.

-—____—___ ~< + <--— — -—_-

Book Notice. :

“Insect Life, Vol. I, No. 1. U.S, Dept. of Entomology. Periodical Bulletin,
July, 1888. Devoted to the economy and life habits of Insects, especially in their
relations to Agriculture, and edited by the Entomologist and his Assistants, with
the sanction of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Washington, D, C.”

The above pretty fully explains the prospectus of a new Journal
devoted to Entomology and issued by the Entomological Department
at Washington. Under the personal supervision of Dr. Riley it cannot
fail to be well edited ; and giving more or less the details of the De-
partment experiments and researches, it cannot fail to be of great and
lasting value,

We have only one exception to note. Having the name ‘‘Insect
Life” given it, an impression might be given that it is to be a scientific
Journal in the ordinary sense of the term, and not what it professes and
aims to be a ‘‘periodical Bulletin’; this impression is strengthened by
the fact that in the very first number there are given descriptions of new
species of insects whose types are entirely out of the possession of the

—I44—

Government and of no economic importance ; moreover it has become
a rule almost universally recognized and regarded that no original de-
scription should be made save in a standard scientific publication, and
the existence of these descriptions at once seems to carry ‘‘Insect Life”
beyond its prospectus and professed aims.

At the same time we would be glad if this could be carried out and
made a continuance and in this way be the beginning of a new departure
on the part of our Government, that thus our country might become an
aid much more than she has been to systematic Science. Under those
at present connected with the Division of Entomology the new Journal
would be of permanent systematic, as it cannot fail to be of permanent
and great economic value.

The numbers would in our-opinion be in better shape if the custom
of the close cutting of margins prevalent in the Government printing
office were remedied. There is hardly room left for recutting after
binding.

The work is, we believe, issued gratuitously by the Government,
and as such publications ought to go, as far as possible, to those most
interested and most to be benefitted, and as this is the desire and aim
of the Department, we advise our readers to make the proper application
which will bring them the Journal as it is issued. Gy DE

—_—__—_-§ +

Publications Received.

Prairie Farmer, June, July and August.

Bulletin Acad. Nat. Sci. Cordoba Arg. Rep. S. A. Vol. X, pt. 2.
Annals Ento. Soc. of France. 1887.

Annals Nat. Mus, Costa Rica. Vol. I, 1887.

Nature novitates. Nos. 11-15.

Bulletin Ento. Soc. Belgium. June, July and August.
Deutsche Ento. Zeitschrift. 1888.

Journal Nat. Hist. Soc. Wurtemburg. 1888.
Archives Nat. Mus. Rio Janeiro. Vol. VII, 1887.
18th Ann. Rep. Ento. Soc. Ontario: 1887.

Can. Naturalist. No. 619, Vol. XX.

Le Naturaliste Canadien. June and July, 1888.

West American Scientist. No. 3, 1888.

Journal N. Y. Micros. Soc. Vol. IV, No. 3.

3 Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol, II, No. 1.
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences. Vol. VII, pt. 2.
Annual Rep, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1887-8.

Bulletin Ohio Agr. Exper. Station. Nos. 3-4.
Psyche. Vol, V, Nos. 145-148.

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AMERIGANA

VOL. IV. BROOKLYN, NOVEMBER, 1888. NO. 8.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB
OF THE ALA. A. Ss.

{Continued from page 134.]}

Thursday, 1 p. ms—Club met as per adjournment and the minutes
of previous meetings were read and approved.

Mr. L. O. Howard and Dr. D. S. Kellicott were appointed a Com-
mittee to arrange programs for the meetings to be held during the week.

In the discussion of the President’s Address Prof. Osborn mentioned
the Putnam collection in the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences,
Davenport, Iowa, as containing the material in Coccede and Solpugide,
worked by Mr. J. Duncan Putnam, as aiso his collections in Utah,
Montana, Idaho, ete. .

Mr. Howard remarked upon the material used by Dr. Hagen for
bottoms of cases as being Italian Poplar, imported for the purpose.

Mr. Fletcher spoke of the use of Basswood for the same purpose.

Dr. Riley remarked upon the cases used in European collections.

At the request of the President, Mr. James Fletcher made some re-
marks upon Canadian collections. Of those available for reference by
students he spoke particularly of the collection of the National Museum
of the Geological Survey at Ottawa. The nucleus of this was a large
collection, chiefly exotic diurnal Lepidoptera, purchased from Mr.
Gamble Geddes. To this however had been added many valuable col-
lections made by the members of the Survey staff, notably by Prof. J.
Macoun and Messrs. G. M. Dawson, Tyrrell & Dowling, and J. M.
Macoun. It contained about 10,000 specimens and some types. He
also spoke of the collection of the Entomological Society of Ontario,
which he characterized as a good working general collection, containing

——146— :
specimens in all orders. Great pains had been taken to have the identi-
fications verified. Many valuable additions had been lately made by
members of the Society.

Speaking of ‘‘types” or rare species, Mr. Fletcher spoke very
strongly in favor of their being deposited for safe-keeping in’ Public
Museums, where they might not only be preserved from destruction but

would be accessible for examination by students. It was well that now —

Entomologists had both in the National Museums, at Washington and
at Ottawa, depositories where rarities might be thus preserved from
loss.

He further asked for opinions from those present as to the technical
meaning of the word ‘‘type;” his own view was that nothing should be
labelled ‘‘type” even by the describer of a new species, except the actual
specimens before him at the time of drawing up the description, and if
there were more than one specimen each should be carefully labelled at
the time, with a consecutive number. He suggested that the number
of specimens used might also be given beneath this consecutive number.
E'xample—lf a species had been described from 3 specimens these would
be labelled: Type No. 3, Type No. 2, Type No. 3 He was of the
opinion that if a describer subsequently distributed other material, even
although he considered it quite typical of his species, he was not justified
in labelling it ‘‘Type,” but it might be labelled ‘‘Typical.” He had
received from one author a specimen marked as ‘‘type” of a species de-
scribed some years before, which turned out not even to belong to that
species at all, but was a specimen wrongly named from memory and
without even examination of the original material.

Mr. Howard expressed his agreement with Mr. Fletcher in the
matter of types.

Dr. Riley expressed as his opinion that specimens determined by
the author as identical with original specimens which served as basis
for description or as representative of the species might also be con-
sidered as typical, but not as the original types of the speciés.

Prof. Webster thought types should be deposited in Public Institu-
tions or Collections as a guard against loss of correct specimens. He
urged also the importance of examining amateur collections where rare
species may sometimes be buried under common names.

Mr. Smith would consider no specimens that were after determina-
tions, even by the author, as types.

Mr. Osborn preferred to indicate a difference between specimens
determined as typical of a species and those which served as the basis
for the original description and called attention to the fact that the spe-
cimen first described often proved to be not representative of the spe-

i?

—147-—

cies when a greater amount of material had been gathered. In such case
the later specimens were the safer guides for comparison.

Mr. Smith instanced as illustrating this point the descriptions of
Archa anna, Grote, and persephone, of the same author, the former

_ Species proving to be simply an aberrant form of fersephone.

Herbert Osborn presented notes on the origin of the wing in A/u-
rodes, and exhibited slides to illustrate the points observed. ‘‘Slight
pressure upon fresh adults of AZewrodes causes the protrusion of pleural
folds upon the prothorax and the abdominal segments. These pro-
trusions agree precisely in outline and position with the expanded
pleural portions of the same parts as seen in prepupal and pupal stages.
Specimens in different stages of development show a modification of
this pleural portion in meso- and meta-thorax during prepupal and
pupal stages to form more contracted, denser and darker colored parts
from which the wings of imago are produced. The pleural expansions
of prothorax and abdomen are simply contracted to conform to the
outline of the body whenthe imago issues from the scale, but are readi'y
extended by pressure. No such protrusions occurring on the meso-
and meta-thorax would seem to indicate that the portion thus extended
on the other segments has in these been transformed into the sack-like
expansion of wings.”

The time for the convening of section “‘F” having arrived it was
decided by motion that the Club should meet again immediately after
adjournment of the section and also at nine o'clock in the morning and
after adjournment of section ‘‘F” in the afternoon of the following day.

The Club reconvened at 3:30 and a paper by Clarence M. Weed
on the parasites of the honey-suckle Sphinx, Hemarzs diffinis, Boisd.,
was read by the Secretary.

On the Parasites of the Honey-Suckle Sphinx, Hemaris diffinis, Bo/sd.
By CxiarenceE M. WEEp.

Last August my attention was called to a parasitic attack upon the
larve of Hemaris diffinis which were then abundant upon the bush
honey-suckle (Dervilla irifida) on the grounds of the University of
Illinois ; and a large number of the larvze were collected and the para-
sites bred. So far as Iam able to learn from an examination of the
literature at hand no parasites of this Sphinx have as yet been recorded.

The insects engaged in the attack belonged to three different spe-
cies—two being primary parasites and the third a secondary parasite.
The first two were Rhogas fumipennis, Cresson, and an apparently un-
described variety of Apan/eles limenitidis, Riley ; while the third, which
attacks the Apan/eles is a species of Hemiteles, probably undescribed.

ie

Rhogas fumipennis, Cresson,

This insect was described (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. II, p. 378)
in 1869 by Mr. E. T. Cresson from a specimen (Q) collected in Illi-
nois, and I believe, has not since been especially mentioned in our
literature, so that its host is now first reported.

The only other North American species of Rhogas whose life-
histories have been observed so far as known to me are [1] the jar-
asiticus of Norton (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. II, p. 327), and [2] the
rieyt of Cresson (Ibid, p. 383). The former was bred from Lophyrus
abietis, Harr., by its describer ; and the latter from Acronycta oblinita,
om. & Abb., by Dr. Riley (Third Rept. St Ent: Mo,,-p. 71). The
breeding of a Khogas from a tenthredinid is exceptional, and though it
has twice been reported in Europe,—once by S. V. Vollenhoven, who
bred 2. circumscripius, Nees, from a Lophyrus cocoon, and again by
Brischke, who mentions the breeding of a Rhogas from a Nematus co-
coon,—the fact has commonly been discredited by’ European Entomo-
logists (Marshall, Monograph of Brit. Braconidz, Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond., 1885, Pt. I, p. 87). This additional testimony however by so
reliable an observer as Norton renders it almost certain that some spe-
cies attack Hymenopterous larve.

But the normal habit of this interesting genus is to attack young
Lepidopterous larve and kill them before they are ready to become
pupz. Marshall remarks: ‘‘The insects of this genus manifest a
peculiar economy. ‘They are solitary parasites of young lepidopterous
larvee, the bodies of which they do quit at the time of pupation, but
make their cocoons inside protected by the indurated skins of their
victims. The perfect Rhogas ultimately escapes through a hole bored
in the posterior dorsal segments of the caterpillar.” And Dr. Riley says
that R. riley causes ‘‘the larva of the Smeared Dagger to die when
about full grown, and its contracted and hardened skin, which may
often be seen during the winter with its head attached fastened to the
twigs of apple and willow trees, forms a snug little house, where the
parasite undergoes its transformations, and through which it gnaws a
round hole to escape the latter part of April.”

The habits of Rhogas fumipennis correspond very well with those
of the species just mentioned. The dead Hemaris larvee may be found
attached to the twigs of their host plant greatly shriveled, and with the
skin hard and dry. Inside of this is the Rhogas pupa, and when the
insect is ready to emerge it gnaws a circular opening, about two mm.
in diameter, in the posterior dorsal segments and comes forth. I judge
that the time spent in the pupa state is about a fortnight. Our specimens

—149—

were collected during the latter part of August, and the adults emerged
early in September.

Apanteles limenitidis, Riley, var.

On the under surface of the leaves infested by the Hemaris larve,
there were frequently found solitary yellow cocoons, which were at once
recognized as belonging to some of the Mficrogasterine. From numer-
ous specimens collected there emerged early in September two speci-
mens of an Afan/eles, and ten specimens of a Hemiteles. ‘The former
approach nearly to A. dimenitides, bred by Dr. Riley from Lzmenztis
disippus, (Third Rept. St. Ent. Mo., p. 158), differing principally in
the color of the posterior femora, which are reddish with black tips,
while in typical /menzfdis they are wholly black. The cocoons in shape,
color and position are apparently similar in the two forms.

The secondary parasite is, as I have already stated, an apparently
undescribed Hemiteles, but I prefer to wait until the genus can be more
thoroughly worked up before speaking of it definitely.

A second paper by Mr. Weed on the Hymenopterous parasites of
the strawberry leaf-roller Phoxopterts comptana, Frél., was read by
Mr. Howard.

On the Hymenopterous Parasites of the Strawberry Leaf-Roller
PHOXOPTERIS COMPTANA, Frol.

By Cxiarence M. WEED.

So far as I can learn the only positive record* of a parasite attacking
the common strawberry leaf-roller (Phoxopleris compiana, Frél.) to be
found in American literature occurs on page 97 of the Report of the
Michigan State Horticultural Society, where, in an article concerning
this insect, Professor A. J. Cook writes :

‘«There is an Ichneumon fly that is very abundant in Michigan,
which preys upon this leaf-roller. I think it is undescribed. It cer-
tainly is not referred to as a destroyer of the leaf-roller. I have not ac-
cess to Cressons description of the genus Zzfhosoma, but from the very
short description, and figure, given by Packard, this species would seem
to belong to that genus.”

* The only other mention of possible parasitism upon this species I have met
with is by Professor S. A. Forbes, who writes: ‘‘* * * from a breeding cage contain-
ing larvee of this and another leaf-roller (Cacecia obsoletana) * * * I obtained last
July specimens of a hymenopterous parasite belonging to the genus Aracon. Un-
fortunately, however, it is impossible to tell from which of these species this parasite
was bred,”’—Thirteenth Rept, St. Ent. Ill., p. 92.

—I150—

‘““This species is black, with legs, ventral surface of abdomen, ring
about the eyes, and base of the wings yellow. The antennz are 4 mm.
long, the wings about 3 mm. The ovipositor is black and about-as
long as the wings. The thorax and abdomen are finely punctured.”

In working over the Zchneumonide in the Laboratory collection I
found many examples of a species of Cremastus which had been bred from
Phoxopteris comptana. I was at first disposed to refer them to C. piceus,
Cresson, (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. IV, p. 176), but on sending a
specimen to Mr. Cresson for comparison with the type, was kindly in-
formed that it differed materially from this species, and in fact from
everything else in the collection of the American Entomological Society.
I had seen the Michigan species and from my recollection of it together
with the above description, surmised that it was the same as ours, and
on comparing a specimen, kindly submitted to me by Prof. Cook, found
my surmise to be correct. | .

Besides this Cremastus we have bred from P. compfana a single spe-
cimen of a very well marked species of Glypfa which is also apparently
undescribed. ‘The first mentioned species is described below under the
name Cremastus cookit, the specific name being given in honor of the
gentleman who first called attention to the insect; and the second is
treated of as Glypla phoxopteridis, being so called because of the insect it
infests.

Cremastus cookii, sp. n.

The North American species of Cremasfus have as yet received little
attention. Eight species are recognized by Cresson in his Synopsis of the
Hymenoptera (pp. 204, 328), five of which were described by Provancher
from field specimens ; two by Mr. Cresson; one (C. refinie) having been
bred from Refimia rigidana, Fernald, and the other (C. prceus) collected
in the field; and one (C. /forées?) by myself, it having been bred from’
Teras minuta, Robinson. Hence it appears that but two of the eight
American species now known have had their hosts recorded.

A lot of leaf-roller larvae were collected on blackberry at Anna, III.,

June 6, 1884. Transferred to breeding cages at Normal three of the -

parasites emerged June 28, two more July 1, and one more July 3. The
moths (P. comp/ana) began emerging June 21 and continued to appear
until July 1. Both sexes of the parasites were represented.

Another lot of the same Tortricid collected on raspberry at the same
time and place yielded two specimens (<j\(¥') of the parasite, differing
somewhat in the color of the face from the others, which are treated of
below as variety ru/us.

i lt hele eae ae

—I15I—

From larve of this leaf-roller collected on strawberry at Villa Ridge,
April 4, 1883, a GQ Cremastus was bred April 21, anda Q of the same
species appeared’ May 5. Another specimen was bred in August, 1883,
from Phoxopleris larve taken at Anna.

Besides these bred specimens this parasite has been taken by sweep-
ing in strawberry fields at Normal during May and June, 1883; and at
Urbana during July, 1885.

Description. —The imago may be described as follows:

Length 6to7mm. Q. Black; clypeus, mandibles, maxillz, palpi and upper
two-thirds of eye-orbits, yellow, Antennz almost as long as body, piceous, yellowish
brown beneath near base. Face punctate. Métathorax, including scutellum, shin-
ing, punctate. Metathorax with the elevated lines well developed, and posterior
portion of central dorsal area transversely aciculate, while anterior portion of same
area, and the greater portion of the other areas, rather coarsely punctate. Posterior
margins of abdominal terga, behind the second, sometimes brownish. Ventrum of
abdomen yellowish. Ovipositor 2/, as long as abdomen. Anterior and middle legs
including coxze, light yellow, with tarsi dusky. Posterior legs dull yellowish red,’
with coxze, except at tip, and basal portion of trochanters black, and tarsi dusky.
Tegulze and base of veins whitish yellow ; rest of veins, and stigma, except whitish
spot at base, pale brown.

Described from many specimens bred in Illinois from Phoxopferis
comptana ; and one specimen bred by Prof. A. J. Cook from the same
Tortricid in Michigan.

The male differs from the female in having the entire face below the
insertion of the antennz and a line below a spot in front of the tegulee
yellow, and another yellow patch which varies much in size (being some-
times wanting) on each side of the front of the mesonotum.

In a well marked variety of the male of the male, of which we have
bred two specimens, the face, eye-orbits and under surface of scape are
distinctly reddish, almost approaching vermillion. It may be called
variety rufus.

Glypta phoxopteridis, sp. n.

From a number of larve of P. compiana collected on blackberry at
Anna, July 14, 1884, there was bred early in August a single specimen,
of an apparently undescribed species of Glypfa for which I propose the
above name. ‘The species is so well marked, and is of such economic
interest in this connection, that I describe it now, notwithstanding my
belief that the fewer are the descriptions that are drawn up from single

specimens of parasitic Hymenoptera, the better will it be for Science.
Length 7mm. ©. Black, varied with white; face except space beneath an-
tennze, broad eye-orbits, clypeus, mandibles except teeth, palpi, ventrum and sides
of thorax, tegulze and wide line running forward, scutellum, post scutellum, lateral
and posterior margins of metanotum with space on meson reaching two-thirds the
way to the anterior margin, basal and apical margins of abdominal terga, with vent-

rum of abdomen, white. Legs yellowish red, with coxee and trochanters of anterior
and middle pairs, whitish, as are the posterior tarsi, except the basal half of first joint
which is dusky. Wings hyaline, irridescent; nervures and stigma dark brown.
Ovipositor as long as abdomen.

The antenne are broken off of the only specimen at hand, so I am unable to de-
scribe them now.

Described from one specimen bred from Phoxopterts compiana, Fr6l.,
August, 1884.

Herbert Osborn presented a paper on the ‘‘Food Habits of the
Thripide.”’*

Mr. Smith remarked that he considered the habits of the group as
very important economically and hoped additional information could be
stated here,

Mr. Howard mentioned the supposed occurence in Europe, in
Phylloxera Galls, of the species called Zhrips phylloxere by Prof. Riley.

Mr. Webster stated that he had kept a species of Zhrips for several
weeks on wheat without other nutriment.

Mr. Fletcher mentioned the injury done on exhausted meadow
lands in Canada to June Grass (Poa pratensis) and to Timothy (Phleum
pratense) which was apparently due to Zhrips.

Mr. Howard had seen the species mentioned by Prof. Comstock
and had known cases where every stalk of grass showing injury would
be found on examination to contain Zhrips.

Mr. Smith said he had observed Zhripide in galls but had not con-
considered them as the authors of the galls or as feeding upon the larve.

Mr. Smith asked Mr. Westcott for information concerning Illinois
collections.

Mr. Westcott remarked that there were a few good collections in
Illinois and invited the President and others to examine them in person.

Mr. Smith remarked upon the collection of Mr. Bruce, especially
commending the rich series in certain species which were represented by
such number of specimens that the lines of variation could be very
clearly followed.

Adjourned to meet the following morning.

Friday Morning. —Club met at nine o’clock, and the reading of the
minutes having been deferred, the Club listened to a paper by Mr. D. S.
Kellicott on Hepralus argentiomaculata.

* To be published in Insect LIFE.

Note on Hepialus argentiomaculatus.
Bye So. KELLicory,

At the Ann Arbor meeting of this Club I described the larva and
pupa of an unknown species of moth, supposed to be one of the Cosszde.
I provisionally called it Cossus ain’. The examples were obtained in
Oswego County, N. Y., from the roots and stems of Adnus incana. I
showed that the larva probably required three years to complete its
growth and that the habits were substantially those of the better known
species of its group.

Efforts to obtain the imago were fruitless until this present summer.
A pupa sent to me from Hastings Center, Oswego County, N. Y., June
Ist, gave a female imago June 2nd and it proved to be Hepialus argentio-
maculatus.

I have little to add to what I have already said in the Club concern-
ing its history. I have found the wood-peckers most successful rivals in
collecting the mature larva. In the Fall before the final changes are to
occur they bore up into the stems and the birds then seek them and suc-
cessfully remove them from burrows that are deep in the wood. As the
larva does not then open the way to the surface the bird must locate it
by sounding. The larvae occur in abundance in the locality where
found. I have sought for it at Buffalo and elsewhere without finding it.

Mr. Schwarz stated that he had collected the species on the shore of
Lake Superior, near Marquette, July 29th of the present year.

Mr. Smith stated that hé had met with it in various places and he
believed it to be probably quite generally distributed, and breeding in
Oak, Willow and Poplar.

Mr. Kellicott remarked that he had taken Prionoxystus querciperda
from the limbs of Red Oak.

Herbert Osborn presented a note on the occurrence of Cicada rimosa,
Say, in Iowa.

‘‘ During the present summer I have received from a student, Mr.
F. A. Sirrine, living in Tama Co., Iowa, a few specimens of Cicada
rimosa, Say. As this is the first time I have met with specimens collect-
ed in the State and as | had supposed its distribution did not cover any
portion of the State it is perhaps worth while to put its occurrance on
record Its distribution must be local or else its occurance quite rare,
otherwise it would probably have been noticed by some of the collectors
in the many years during which insects have been collected in Iowa.
The specimens received were collected in a grove in the North Eastern
part of Tama Co. and said to be quite abundant there. Another student,

—154—

living in Worth Co., is quite sure he has seen the same species there,
but I have seen no specimens.” *

Prof. O. S. Westcott presented the following Entomological Mem-
oranda.

ENTOMOLOGICAL MEMORANDA.
By Pror. O. S. Westcort.
I

While at Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada, in July, 1888, I was in-
formed by Mr. John Merrill of that piace, that in June of this year his
attention was Called to a great gathering of butterflies. On close investig-
ation he discovered that the centre of attraction fur the butterflies was a
dead dog. The fondness of many diurnals for carrion is already a matter
of record and this memorandum is made only as corroborative. So near
as could be learned from Mr. Merrili’s descriptions, the gathering cen-
sisted mainly of Danais archippus, supplemented by Limenitis arthemis,
Meltea and Colas. In all, Mr. Merrill counted one hundred and ten
examples.

rT:

At the same place, July 20th to 23rd, 1888, I took nineteen examples
of Meltea. Of these one was nyc/er’s, and seventeen fharos, eight of
the form marcia, and nine of the form morpheus. Query :—Should
marcia and morpheus be found abundantly together during the latter
part of July, if, as supposably demonstrated by Wm. H. Edwards, they
are seasonal variations, due to the varying degrees of temperature to
which the pupze have been subjected ? ;

III.

On a gravel work in the park at Sault St. Marie, Mich., Aug. rst,
1888, I gathered twenty pupz, apparently of some Agrofis. The cater-
pillars had selected a nearly solid foundation on which to pupate, but,
exposed as they were to the foot of every pedestrian, many others had
been crushed. Why should they leave the grass plots and resort to the
gravel walk as a preferred place for their transformation ?

TiVe

In the monograph of the genus Lachnosterna** Dr. Horn remarks
of Z. fusca: ‘‘ This species is probably the most widely distributed of
any in our fauna and at the same time the most abundant wherever it
occurs.” This opinion is doubtless concurred in by most, if not all col-
lectors, and yet some observations I have made for the jast two years

* Since this note was read I have seen specimens from Worth County collected
the present season by the student above mentioned.

** ‘Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Vol. XIV, p. 245.

ae

--155—

may be regarded. by some as casting a shadow of doubt on this belief.
Having taken occasion to capture LZ. fusca, Frol., and Z. gibbosa, Bur-
meister, in considerable numbers during the last two seasons and having
preserved memoranda of numbers taken and dates of capture, I embrace
this opportunity of putting such memoranda on record,

In the June issue of ‘‘EnromoLocica AMERICANA” (Vol IV, p. 56,)
Mr. J. B. Smith remarks that ‘‘observations made by several Entomo-
logists indicate that the species [of Zachnosterna] relieve each other, —
7. @. appear successively, though a few will have a long life and overlap.
* * * Tt will be a valuable addition to knowledge if collectors would
note dates of first appearance, of greatest abundance and of last capture.”
The memoranda I have made will, in a small way, relieve collectors from
this implied criticism.

My captures were made at Maywood, Cook Co., Illinois, a suburb
of Chicago, a place about 12 miles West of Lake Michigan. I used a
large funnel-shaped trap, made to fit ggound a street lamp. In fair
weather the trap was allowed to remaing§@gt all night. It was so con;
structed that any beetle flying against th® inwardly sloping glass sides of
the street lamp would inevitably be taken.

The following table exhibits the date of capture and the number of
L. fusca and L. gibbosa taken in this trap.

Sie oly eee bras

MAY \ JUNE
9 |11, 12/15 1618 19 20/21/23 |24|25, g|11) be|tSiE

Fusca 27 52.20/93 98|22 2901258337 43) 6, 3|20/33| 29) 12
|

1/31 2817] 5

Ginbosd | ba 10.28) 2|25 5) 39 3 ol3s| 37/46 9

It is unfortunate that these observations were not conducted daily
for a series of months. But moon-light takes the place of gas-light for
a respectable fraction of each month and occasional storms as well as
persistent foul weather dampen the ardor of both victim and collector.
This table indicates the correctness of the statements of both Dr. Horn
and Mr. J. B. Smith.

The greater abundance of /wsca and the overlap of the species are
both sufficiently evident.

Similar collections the present year are shown by the following table.

SO ee Se
TUNE | JULY
4(5|/6/7 39 Pee) 12 | caice 2

Gibbosa | 135 75) 10 38 19 19| 264, 371

Sher 56—

This table presents a very different appearance. While the observa-
tions of 1887 indicate the greater abundance of fusca, those of 1888 in-
dicate the far greater abundance of gidéosa. It is not unnoticed that
these observations began later in the season. Constant cold and stormy
weather in the month of May prevented the use of the trap. but the con-
tinuity of the dates in June 1888 is more satisfactory than the somewhat
broken series of 1887, and a comparison of the two years may be very
satisfactorily instituted to about the middle of June. If the excess of
gibbosa as compared with /wsca in the present season is exceptional,
there must have been some strong influences at work, meteorological or
other, to have occasioned this surprising disparity in numbers. Many
speculations might be indulged in but none that occur to me seem to
sufficiently satisfactory to warrant their presentation as explaining what
may be abnormal in the comparative abundance of these two species in
my locality the present year.

V.
* With the 152 giddosa taken on July 1st, 1888, among other insects
I took great numbers of Craméide. They were too numerous to be
counted with any reasonable expenditure of time, but I counted the con-
tents of a small box closely packed with them, and using this box as a
measure, estimated their number in excess of eight thousand.
VI.

As indicative of the omnivorous capacity of my trap I append a list

of its contents on the night of June 13th, 1888.

I. Clivina impressifrons, Lec.... 3 | For’d 847

ay. ‘Se americatia, (Wey ca. 2 18. Cryptobium pallipes, Grav.... 2

3. Loxopeza grandis, Hentz.... 1 19. Heterocerus substriatus, Ries. 1

AG Gebiatwvarldis;e Sayan semieaa ss 2 20. Copris anaglypticus, Say..... 2

5. SOD EUG GAlmlAcGsmatnnenle 2 21. Aphodius yranarius, Linn ,.. 19

6. ee tUSCata mle Gh: ota: reat 22. rox unistriatus, Beauv...... 2

7. Platynus obsoletus, Say ..... 18 Deh cS (capil riGheGa yt 25 aeeeeye I

Sh ePterosticlins sp.P ivi. P35. 5 40 24. Lachnosterna gibbosa., Burm. .204

9. Badister pulchellus, Lec...... 3 25. ¥ fusca; Frol.25-. 9

10. Agonoderus comma, Fab.....730 26. a ilicis; Burms.y.-et
18 Os partiarius, Say... 4 27.) AioyeUspnelictis: poalva. see eae
12. Anisodactylus discoideus, Dej. 11 28. Melanotus communis, Gyll.... 1
13. Se sericeus, Harr.. 23 29. Diabrotica vittata, Fabr...... 2
14. Bembidium cordatum, Lec.... 1 30. Notoxus anchora, Hentz. ... 1
15. Cnemidotus edentulus, Lec... 1 * 31. Pyrrarctia isabella, Abb.&Sm. 1
16. Colymbetes sculptilis, Harr... 1 ' 32. Telea polyphemus, Cram..... I
17. Gaurodytes obtusatus, Say... 4 - 33: Ophion bilineatum, Say...... 5
847 1100

and g2 as yet undetermined examples, representing not less than 32 dif-
ferent species. This list of 65 species and 1192 specimens enumerates

Ria,

only recognizable, mostly good material, no account being made of a
mass of damaged and microscopic material which found its way imme-
diately in the waste basket. Lachnos/erna’s so abundant presence is of
course thoroughly destructive of the respectability of any Bombycid or
Noctuid which is wheedled into the crowd. My best moth-catches with
the trap are hence confined to the evenings before the advent of Lachno-
sferna and after its exodus. Unfortunately, no anesthetizer that I have
tried is so promptly effective with vigorous Coleoptera as to allow the
‘trap to furnish undamaged Lepidoptera, when beetles are abundant. *

Prof. Kellicott stated that he had frequently observed butterflies at-
tracted to carrion.

Mr. Smith had noted the location of a dead dog and after removal
of dog had observed that butterflies collected at the spot.

Dr, Peabody had observed arthemis collected on foul smelling
objects.

Dr. Kellicott had taken cresphon/es in barn yards in Michigan and
found them there in July last more common than As/erzas.

Mr. Smith expressed his opinion that extensive collecting would re-
veal about equal numbers of both forms of AZelifea.

Dr. Kellicott inquired if the pupz of the insects occurring in such
numbers on gravel walks were formed there.

Mr. Westcott stated that he was sure they were ¢here and completely
exposed and that knew of no way to account for their occurrence but
that they pupated there.

Mr. Osborn stated that in Iowa ZLachnosterna gibbosa was more
abundant than usual this year. sca has been most abundant every
three years, 1880, 1883 and 1886.

Mr. Schwarz remarked that the notes showed that much can be
done by thorough collecting for certain species and urged collecting
more systematically,

Mr. Smith remarked that he had collected ZLachnosterna carefully
the present summer and had observed that the females appeared first, for

* Since writing the above I have unearthened a few memoranda made in 1886,
For a few days I took in my trap fwsca and gzbdosa as follows :

MAY JUNE

My notes say that the 27th of May was cold and stormy. Of these fusca care-
fully examined for sex I found the ratio of males to females 7 to 1. ORS Wie

—158—

JSusca, a week previous to the males, then the males were more abundant
for a time and after that the females more abundant. The males appear
to be short-lived as compared with the females. He would take females
fresh and full of eggs, then old and full of eggs and then very old battered
with few eggs. Gidbosa is not common at Washington. /c7s is rather
rare wherever known but a few may be beaten from trees. In New York
he collected in early evening and watched for movements of the insects
in grass and the most collected were ¢iczs while but very few of these
were taken at the lamps. Many species are absolutely local. /usca and
mversa are everywhere. Afinis occurs in very limited spots. He had
observed in Washington one particular tree where it was almost certain
to be found. Mr. Ulke, collecting later in the sason, had taken /raferna.

Mr. Webster remarked that he had collected many years in Eastern
Illinois (DeKalb Co.) without getting giddosa but found it common in
the Western part of the State (Stark Co.) and he was somewhat surprised
at Mr. Westcott’s securing it in such large numbers.

Mr. Westcott stated that he had collected gddosa for twenty years
near Chicago.

Dr. Peabody had no doubt that the condition of weather would
affect the numbers of Lachnosterna which would appear on certain nights.
He doubted whether it would influence the numbers that would appear
in a given season. ‘These insects transform to imagos in autumn, and
hybernate in that stage; after having endured the cold and wet of a long
winter, it is hardly possible that their emergence would be prevented by
a little cold or wet in May or June, unless they should be actually drown-
ed out. When a warm night gives them their opportunity they will ap-
pear in numbers determined chiefly by the conditions affecting in their
larval growth.

Mr. Smith said conditions of weather have a great influence; the
beetles transform in Fall and it takes wet hot weather to bring them out
in the Spring.

A motion to continue the session of the Club through the morning
was lost, many of the members wishing to attend meeting of section ‘‘F.”

Mr. Howard made a few remarks upon the recent successful ex-
periments made under Dr. Riley’s direction at Washington with kerosene
emulsion against white grubs. (A fuller account of these experiments
than that given by Mr. Howard has since been published in Insect Life,
Vol, 1, INo.22:)

Mr. Webster expressed his doubt of the practicability of this plan
on large farms.

Mr. Howard said it could probably be used only on lawns or where
special value of ground warranted the necessary expense.

—S

Dr. Peabody stated that he was sorry that Prof. Forbes was not
present to tell his own story, as he had used the kerosene emulsion with
success, but, as he remembered, the conclusion was that it oe cost
too much per acre, to be of general service.

Mr. James Fletcher gave a descriptive account of an expedition he
had made with Mr. S. Scudder to Nepison, North of Lake Superior, in
quest of the eggs of diurnal Lepidoptera; but particularly for those of
Chionobas macounii, Carterocephalus mandan, and Colias interior. This
expedition had been eminently successful. Not only had eggs been
procured of all the species mentioned, but of many others besides. An
account was given of the methods of capturing, caging and general
treatment which had given the best results. It was found most con-
venient to place all the cages near together in the woods, so that they
could all be visited and examined without loss of time, and also that fe-
males might be carried a long time in smaller boxes before caging. Eggs
had even been procured from Colas inferior which had been sent from
Sudbury to Ottawa (323 miles) by mail in a tomato can. In speaking
of cages it was pointed out that these could be made with great ease.
Mr. Scudder had given most valuable suggestions in this line. Cages
for all small species can be made in a few minutes by cutting off the top
and bottom of a tomato can and then fastening a piece of netting over
one end, either by slipping an elastic band over it or tying it with a piece
of string. The female is then placed in this over a growing plant of the
species the larvae are known to feed upon. These cages had answered
well for all the skippers which feed on grass, and the small Argynnides.
For such species as lay on the foliage of shrubs or trees bags had to be
tied over living branches, care being taken that the leaves were not
crowded up ; but that they should stand out freely so that the female
could lay, if such were her habit, either upon the upper or lower side or
the edge of the leaves. In this way eggs were obtained of somades
tcelus and Papilio turnus. Another cage for insects which lay upon low
plants and which is easily constructed, is to cut two flexible twigs and
bend them into the shape of two arches which are put one over the other
at right angles to each other with the ends pushed into the ground; over
this pent-house so formed a piece of gauze is thrown and the edges are
kept down either with pegs or earth laid upon them. This kind was
useful for larger insects than could be placed in tomato cans. In these,
eges of Chionobus macouni, Colias eurytheme, etc., were secured.

Interesting notes were given on the habits of some of the species
collected, and the larve of Car/erocephalus mandan, Pamphila hobomok
and P. mystic were exhibited as well as specimens of Chionobas macgunit
and Colias integior. Out of 19 species of Diurnals caged eggs had been
obtained from 17.

(TO BE CONTINUED.)

—16o—

On a New and Interesting Spider.

By Gro. Marx, M. D.
Washington, D. C.

The family Pholcide has been hitherto placed in close relation with
the Zheridude, but the peculiar structural. characters of this small but
well marked family have made this affinity doubtful to some of our
systematists. In fact, the right place for the Phol/cide has not been
found so far, and all our modern arachnologists content themselves
with leaving it where it was, near the Zheridude. Dugés alone placed
it with /7sfafa, but for what reason I do not know.

In July last I received, from the vicinity of Lookout Mountain,
Tenn., a few males and females of a spider, which were collected in
the forests of that mountainous region, where they had constructed, at
the underside of projecting cliffs and rocks, large, white, saucer- or
lampshade-like webs, in which they dwelt, assuming an inverted posi-
tion, and shaking the web like a Pholcus, when one approaches.

This spider appeared at the first glance to be a Pholcus from its
long, slender legs, the shape of the body and the arrangement of the
eyes ; but a closer study showed that it was an entirely new animal,
with characters widely differing from any known spider, and yet com-
bining in itself some of those characters upon which a certain number
of families form a natural group, viz: Dysderide, Filistaide and the
Territelarie. Moreover, this spider brings into this group the Pholcide
and Scyfodide, since it possesses characters which belong to these
families.

The principal and peculiar characters of this interesting spider are
as follows: J¢ has four true lamellar trachee or lungs like the Territel-
arte. It has a cribellum and calamistrum like the Fisfatde. It has
the nearly vertical mandibular claws and the male palpus, like the
Dysderide. It has the legs and body shape and the arrangement of the
eyes of the Pholcide.

But it is unlike the hitherto known Zerrielarie in the presence of
a cribellum and calamistrum, in the slenderness of the legs and in the
shape of the body. It is unlike the /7%/s‘atde from its four lungs, the
position of the mandibular claws and the form of the labium. It is un-
like the Dysderide from the number of the eyes, the presence of the
cribellum and calamistrum and the length of the tarsi. It is unlike the
Pholcide by the presence of four lungs, the cribellum and calamistrum
and the direction of the mandibular claws.

The fact that our spider has four lungs places it at once in the

GC Mars dey

Hypochilus Thorelli7. Mars.

—161—

sub-order Ze/rapneumones, but the fact that it spins a web like a Zudz-
Zelaria excludes it from the Zerritelarie and demands at least a new
family.

I have named this interesting spider, at the suggestion of Prof.
Thorell, Aypochilus, and, in appreciation of this distinguished naturalist,
Lypochilus thorelli, and the new family I have called Hypochilide.

Family HYPOCHILIDZ,, nov. gen.

Four lamallar trachez, the anterior pair close the base of the abdomen, the
posterior in the middle region of the venter. Mandibular claws nearly vertical. Legs
long and slender. Cribellum and calamistrum present.

Spiders which make saucer- or lampshade-like webs.

HYPOCHILUS, nov. gen.

Hupo below, cheilos lip; from the position of the labium.

Cepha’x with a flattened dorsum, depressed in the median region ; sub-
circular, posteriorly slightly emarginate; pars cephalica rising abruptly. Eyes, 8.
3 in a cluster on each side and two in the middle between them ; the anterior Jateral
eyes about as far from the margin of the clypeus as their diameter. These eyes are
directed downward. The two middle eyes a little lighter than the anterior lateral,
Mandibles cylindrical, slightly tumid in the middle region. Claws long, nearly
vertical, Maxilla longer than broad, parallel ; palpus inserted in the middle of the
external border, Labium broad, short and straight, situate below the maxille
which stand upon it. Abdomen long, subcylindrical ; cribellum semicircular, un-
divided. Coxe nearly vertical, not free. Legs long and slender, not spiney. 1.2.4.3.

Hypochilus thorellii, nov. species.

female.—Measurement: Cepha’x long 5.4, broad 4.4, abdomen long 9.2 mm.
Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total

Meera le 22a a2 Aam Ne Oy Moe nee ana, 6mm. 62,8 mm.
mee Tien TO! § oes TAGs 10.4 ‘ Ere BG ASs Tomes
SOV ne ie pa Paps SG Taye 8.6 *§ Serie. Bios
SIMU Aecatine 26 eae a Tee of TOsOusse Saas 46.2 Ԥ

Cepha’x flattened, with a depressed ventral area, light yellowish gray with
a star-shaped darker colored ventral figure. Pars ceph’a shorter and about half as
wide as the thoracic part. Lateral sides vertical. Clypeus low. The two smaller
median eyes black, the others large and white.

Mandibles whitish gray with a black indistinct figure at the front, as long as
patella I, about as thick as femur I, and nearly vertical in position ; claws long,
groove bordered at the anterior side by § long and strong teeth, at the internal border
by 4 small tubercles. Maxillae nearly twice as long as broad, parallel, with straight
inner borders, truncate at the tip and standing with their narrow and pointed base
upon the labium. Sternum oyate, truncate anteriorly by the broad labium, its sides
with depressions and a blunt point between coxze IV, Palpi long, equal to meta-
tarsus IT, Abdomen—upperside mottled with black indistinct lines and figures which
leave a somewhat lizhter dorsal region. Underside whitish gray ; the borders of the
4 lungs distinct ; no vulva, but the area between the anterior pair of lungs covered
with long dark hair. Spinnerets short ; median pair very small. Legs whitish

—Fo2—

yellow, spotted with irregular black dots; the discal ends of the joints somewhat
thickened and darker colored ; all legs with a fine and rather long pubescence. No
spines. Calamistrum of metatarsus IV short and consisting of long but slender hairs.

Male,—Cepha’x, long 4. Abdomen 6 mm. Palpi as long as abdomen.

Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total

Leg I. 24.55mm. 2.4mm, 24 mm. 20.4 mm. 8 mm. 79.3 mm.
CW Sayan ee m2 Eee ae ori ime TAO Get CTs Se
TUNG Ga CS me a Ne Ue yates Ke 6" 4:0“ A324 £6
SN iS Ome ei Fe aie Ae AeA gee 6:6) £¢ seyeen

Cepha’x and abdomen like in the female in form and color, trophi also,
Palpi long, tibial joint with an elbow at base; tarsal joint short, club-shaped ; at its
underside near the tip, a long spiral bulbus, thick at the base and drawn out in a
slender point, hanging free from the palpal tarsus. Legs longer and much thinner
than in the female.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

Fig. 1.—Dorsal aspect of a female, much enlarged.
*¢ 2.—Clypeus with the arrangement of the eyes. Mandibles.
‘¢ 3.—Lateral view of Cepha’x showing the dorsal depression and the vertical posi-
tion of the coxe.
** 4.—Sternal side of Cepha’x.
*¢ 5.—Maxilla and jabium showing insertion of labial palpus.
** 6.—Ventral aspect of abdomen.
*¢ 7,—Spinnerets and cribellum.
«« §8.—Male palpus.
‘¢ 9.—Genital part of the same from the other side.
** t0.—Claw of female palpus.
** 11.—Claws of first pair of legs.
*¢ 72,—Calamistrum.
*¢ 73. An enlarged female.

ag 8

Zeuzera pyrina, Fabr. and Z. Canadensis, Herr.-Sch.
By E. L. Graer.

From my friend Mr. Angelmann I received two males of the genus
Zeuzera Latr., and as I had not heard of the capture of Z. pyrima in
the United States and not knowing Herrich-Schafer’s species Z. cana-
densis 1 concluded it was the last named. On comparing it with my
specimens of the European Z. pyrina I at once once concluded it to
be that species.

I have yet to compare the females but the males differ in nothing
that I can discover. Whether this species is one of the many introduced
into this country or whether it is an indigenous species is difficult to
determine. In my long experience in field collecting I have never

Se lhl ee

—163—

taken it and I now hear of a number of specimens being taken in the
vicinity of Newark, N. J., where the two specimens now represented in
my cabinet were also captured. From this last circumstance I would
infer the species was introduced from Europe as the larva lives in the
trunks of the Walnut, Chestnut and Appletree.

Grote, in his last Check-List does not cite A. pyrina as being found
in the U. S., while Dr. Morris (Synopsis Lepidoptera, page 125), and
Dr. Packard (Proceedings Phil. Ent. Soc’y. Vol. 3, p. 390,) both enum-
erate it among the American species.

For those who do not possess a copy of Dr. J. G. Morris Synopsis
of Lepidoptera I append a description of Z. canadensis, H. Sch.

‘“Male. Straw color; primaries thickly covered with little trans-
parent brown streaks; fore part of the disk white, hind part grayish.
Secondaries white, with straw-colored veins. Hab, Canada.”

I should very much like to see a specimen of the true Z. canaden-
sis and any of my friends possessing the species would confer a favor
by sending me a specimen for examination.

————- > >

Elateridz in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio.
By Cuarres Dury.

Species of the sub-family Zucnemine occur in numbers in the vi-
cinity of this city. The following species have been identified from this
locality.

Melasis pectinicornis, Melsh. ‘Taken as it emerged from dead Beech
which was riddled with holes made by it. -June.
Tharops ruficornis, Say. Abundant, taken as it emerged from dead
Beech logs. June.
Svethon pectorosus, Lec. Taken from fungus growing on the under-
side of Poplar logs. July.
Deltometopus amenicornis, Say. May, July.
ie rufipes, Mish. June, found running about on dead Beech.
Dromeolus cylindricollis, Say. June.
ry striatus, Lec. June and July.
harringiont, Horn. June and July.
All occur on Beech.
Fornax calceatus, Say, June.
‘< horni, Bony. = (Q calceatus. June.
new species. June.
orchesides, Newm. June.

All taken on dead Beech. Calceatus and orchesides are very variable

in color and size,

ce

ce

ce

—164—

Microrrhagus humeralis, Say. June, July.

ee subsinuatus, Lec. June.
gS impressicollis. Bony. June.
Be pectinatus, Lec. June.

All taken on dead Beech. 400 Aumeralis were taken out of a small
Beech limb that had broken from a neighboring tree.

Hypocelus terminalis, Lec. Dead Beech.
Nematodes atropos, Say.
cs penetrans, Lec.

Many of both species taken while running up and down dead
beach trees. Some a/ropos taken from Sycamore were very large in
size.

While the sun shines warm and bright from the latter part of May
until the middle of July members of this interesting sub-family are
found actively running about on the dead and dying timber, generally
Beech. Late in the afternoon they conceal themselves in crevices and
under loose bark where they rest for the night.

a

Book Notice.
Entomology for Beginners, by A. S. PackArp, M. D., Ph. D. 8vo. pp. 367.
Henry Holt & Co., New York.
The above work is by the generosity of the Author in our posses-
sion. It is a compact handy volume, w ell printed, neat and attractive.
In its subject matter it is what it professes to be, but its profession
has a strong flavor of modesty. It is a well conceived, well arranged
compendium of Entomology for beginners, but it reaches very often
and very far into the deep things of the science.
What the work treats of can be in no better way summarized than
by giving the table of contents by chapters. This is as follows : Chap.
; the structure of Insects ; Chap. 2, growth and metamorphosis of In-
ey Chap. 3, classification of Insects : Chap. 4, Insect Architecture ;
Chap. 5, Insects injurious and beneficial to Agriculture ; Chap. 6, di-
rections for collecting, preserving and rearing Insects ; ; Chap. 3 Mode
of dissecting Insects ; Chap. 8, Cutting and ‘mounting microscopic sec-
tions of Insects, and mounting them whole, etc. ; Chap. 9, the Ento-
mologists Library.
The work is a summary of most that is best in the experience of
entomologists up to the present time, compactly arranged and clearly
stated. It i is a work to which, so far as our know ledge. goes, no work
heretofore published, can, in the carrying out of the special purpose of
its existence be compared. ‘There certainly is no work so well adapted
to the needs of the beginner, no work so well fitted as a text book for
schools and colleges. “Many of us will no doubt differ from the learned
Author on certain matters of opinion, but not one of us but will ac-
knowledge his great indebtedness for what Dr. Packard has so ably done.
We give the work the unstinted praise it destrves, and recommend
it to all beginners or veterans in the science of Entomology. G.. Dy

TON OG Ig
AMERIGANA

YOL. IV. BROOKLYN, DECEMBER, 1888. NO. 9.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB
OF THE A. A. A.S.

[Coatinued from page 159.]

Dr. Kellicott commended the methods employed in breeding.

Mr. Smith said he was specially interested in the methods employed
for securing eggs.

Dr. Kellicott stated that he used earthen flower pots in rearing
insects.

Mr. Fletcher mentioned the use of lamp chimneys as very con-
venient cages.

Mr, E. A. Schwarz presented a paper on the Insect Fauna of
Southern Florida.

THE INSECT FAUNA OF SEMITROPICAL FLORIDA WITH
SPECIAL REGARD TO THE COLEOPTERA.

By E. A. ScHWaRz.

‘Synopsis of the Hymenoptera of North America north of Mexico;”
*-Revised Catalogue of the diurnal Lepidoptera of America north of
Mexico ;” “Monograph of the Aphodiini of America north of Mexico” —
such are a few samples of the titles of numerous works treating on North
American insects, the authors thereby intimating that the fauna of North
America represents on all sides a well limited area except along the
Mexican frontier, and that here it has been found convenient to sub-
stitute the political boundaries of the two countries in the absence of a
natural dividing line. JI have not yet come across a similar work en-
titled : Monograph or Catalogue of a certain family of insects of North
America north of Mexico and the West Indies, and it cannot be denied
that hitherto very little attention has been paid to the insect fauna of the

== p0=—

region forming the extreme southeastern point of North America; where-
as a great deal of interest has been shown for many years in the study
of the insects of all Orders inhabiting the south-western extremity. Of
course, it has long been known that there exsisted in southern Florida
a colony of West Indian forms but no one knew how large or small
this colony was, nor how far north it extended. Most entomologists
considered this colony as a very small one, or as having only a temporary
character, the insects having flown or having been in some other way
brought over from Cuba to disappear again from the Florida coast with-
in one season or two. In fact some of the species reported in former
times from southern Florida are now again dropped from our lists as
doubtfully belonging to our fauna. Aside from this West Indian colony
quite a number of species have been described from southern Florida
as being peculiar to that section, thus creating the impression of the
presence of a distinct endemic fauna in southern Florida. A few of
these insects came from Key West but most of them are simply recorded
from ‘‘Southern Florida,” a rather indefinite and somewhat mysterious
locality, since it must be remembered that by far the largest part of
southern Florida consists of unproductive Cypress or Mangrove swamps,
or impenetrable sawgrass savannahs, or overflowed land like the immense
stretch of the Everglades.

Thus when last year I had the opportunity of spending a few weeks
on an exploring trip to southern Florida, a preparatory study of what
was known of the insects of that region furnished hardly any information,
and, in fact, I started on my trip quite ignorant regarding the general
character and extent of that fauna. To make sure of striking the semi-
tropical part of Florida I proceeded at once to Key West and here I
found indeed a fauna entirely different from any I had found on various
previous trips to Florida.* Of course, the island of Key West contains
also a great many species well known to me but all these are species of
general distribution, either in our Southern States or distributed through
both North and South America. After a study of this peculiar fauna
of Key West which I also found on many other localities farther north
and which constitutes the semitropical fauna of Florida, I have come to
the conclusion that it is entirely of West Indian origin, and that the
region I shall hereafter circumscribe as Semitropical Florida does not

She following remarks pertain only to the Coleopterous fauna, to the study of
which most of my time and attention was paid; but from what I collected or saw in
the other orders I feel confident that the character and extent of the semitropical in-
sect fauna as a whole does not differ in the least from that of the Coleoptera. The
strong flyers among the insects, viz : certain Lepidoptera and Odonata, differ of course
in the mode of immigration but their number is comparatively small.

—167—

contain any endemic forms. In other words, the distinctive fauna of
Southern Florida is a permanent colony of West Indian forms, much
more numerous in species than it has hitherto been supposed ; the
number in Coleoptera alone amounting, according to a very low estimate,
based upon my collection, to at least 300 species not yet in our cata-
logues. In describing species from Southern Florida the point I have
just mentioned has been too much overlooked, the result being that
many of these species prove to have been previously described from the
West Indies.

This conclusion which of course cannot be fully proven before we
have acquired a more complete knowledge of the West Indian fauna,
but which is fully sustained by the peculiar composition and mode of
occurrence of the semitropical insect fauna of Florida, forms the starting
point of the following remarks.

Before entering on a discussion of the charactér and extent of this
West Indian colony in Florida it seems worth while and instructive to
give a glance at the south-western extremity of North America where
our fauna comes also in contact with a semitropical fauna. , The great
faunal regions known as Nearctic and Neotropical are connected or
divided by the Central American fauna which from the nature of the
conditions participates in the characters of both regions, but is more
nearly allied to the latter than to the former. It is again divided into
the fauna of the Central American continent and the Insular fauna of
Central America, more commonly called the West Indian fauna; these
two faunal regions being related to each other in the same degree as is
the fauna of our Atlantic slope to that of the Pacific slope. At the zone
of contact between the North American fauna and that of Mexico the
conditions are as follows: The ocean current along the Pacific coast of
North America runs from north to south, thus facilitating the spread of
more northern species southward. It loses its force and disappears
before reaching southern California and thus the North American fauna
along the coast does not come into contact with that of the Mexican
coast. On the mainland we find between California and the largest
portion of Arizona on the one side and Mexico on the other, a broad
tract of the most barren and sterile country * which proves to be a most
effectual barrier between the two faunal regions. Farther east, and
more especially along the Rio Grande, a complete intermingling of the
two faunas takes place in such a way that species of all families partici-
pate in this intermingling. It it thus impossible to decide whether a
collection of insects comes from Texas or the State of Tamaulipas, or

* See Dr. G. H. Horn’s “ Notes on the ‘ Biologia Centrali-Americana,’” Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol, XIII, Month. Proc., p. VII.

Soo

whether it comes from southern New Mexico, from south-eastern
Arizona, or from Sonora. The Morrison collection, for instance, has
been distributed among North American entomologists as coming from
south-eastern Arizona and is worked up in the ‘‘ Biologia Centrali-
Americana” as coming from Sonora, Mex.

Returning to Florida and the West Indies we find a quite different
state of affairs. Florida is apparently well separated from Cuba, the
nearest of the West Indian islands, by an ocean which, at its narrowest
place, is go miles wide. In realty, however, this wide arm of the ocean
does not separate but connects the West Indies with Florida ; in fact it
is not an ocean but the mightiest river on this globe, with a strong
current ; in short it is the Gulf stream. As everyone knows, the valleys
of large streams are most favorable for distributing different faunas.
Take the Mississippi River for instance: it has often been pointed out
that along its banks and its valley the fauna and flora of the Southern
States extends well up into the Northern States as far as Iowa and
Nebraska, while the current of the river constantly carries numerous
species of northern plants and insects into the Southern States. The
Gulf stream has neither banks nor a valley and a distribution or migra-
tion against the current or up stream is not possible but a distribution
with the current takes place as in any other large river. The result is
that Floridian insects and plants cannot migrate southward into the
West Indies, while numerous species of West Indian plants and insects
are easily carried with the current on to the shores of Florida where the
insects find a permanent lodgement because their original food-plants
have also established themselves at the same place.

In looking for the original home of this colony of West Indian in-
sects and plants we have been hitherto too much accustomed to con-
sider the island of Cuba as the only place from which this immigration
has taken place. In the task of determining my South Floridian Co-
leoptera it was found over and over again that these immigrants may
have been described not only from Cuba, but from any other of the
West Indian islands, or from the Central American continent south of
Yucatan, or even from Columbia and Venezuela—in other words from
all parts of Central America which come under the influence of the Gulf
stream. As can be seen from any physical atlas, the warm equatorial
current enters the Caribbean sea through the Windward Islands and at-
taining by this contraction a considerable velocity forms the Gulf stream
which flows between the southernmost chain of the West Indies and
the Leeward Islands and strikes the Central American continent, flow-
ing northward along the coast. Deflected by the projecting peninsula
of Yucatan, the stream turns eastward and reaches the coast of Cuba

—169—

and the southernmost part of Florida. Thus the West Indian colony
of insects in Florida may come from any part of this vast area swept by
the Gulf stream, although the largest proportion comes of course from
Cuba since this island is the nearest to Florida. This immigration by
the aid of the Gulf stream explains the following interesting phenomenon
in geographical distribution. We have seen that insects from the coast
of Central America south of Yucatan may occur in Southern Florida ;
but the same species often had the power of extending their geographi-
cal distribution northward on the Central American mainland through
Mexico, thus reaching the south-western limits of the United States.
Certain species may occur, therefore, in the United States, in Western
Texas or South-eastern New Mexico and in Southern Florida, being
however, absent in the intervening Southern States, viz: Eastern Texas,
Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Northern and Central Florida. This
curious distribution has never been pointed out so far as I am aware
but can be exemplified by numerous species, not only among the Co-
leoptera but also other Orders of insects.

The distance between Cuba and Florida is not very great, the current
of the Gulf stream is very swift, and logs and other debris swept out to
sea from the rivers of Cuba may reach the coast of Florida within three

-or four days; from Yucatan in about double that time. It is evident
that within this short time all such insects may safely be carried from the
West Indies to Florida which, in the imago or praeparatory stages, live
under bark, or within the wood of trees, or within seeds and similar
sheltered conditions, or whose eggs are firmly attached to trees and cover-
ed with viscous liquid. But it is evident that this sea voyage is too long
for all such insects as do not live in such sheltered positions. As a con-
sequence, all adephagous Coleoptera, further all those living under old
leaves, in the ground, in very rotten wood and similar places, and finally
most of the Chrysomelide which lay their eggs either on to the leaves or
in the ground are not brought over from the West Indies. There are,
therefore, no West Indian Carabide, Lampyride, Staphylinide and other
thypophagous Clavicorn families and very few West Indian Scarabeide
and Chrysomelide to be found in Southern Florida.* This is a most
characteristic feature of the semitropical Coleopterous fauna of Florida,
strikingly contrasting with the state of affairs in the south-western ex-
tremity of North America. I have stated before that along the Texan
and New Mexican frontier there is a perfect intermingling of the North

* The absence of fresh water in the coral region of the Keys and the mainland
south of Miami River necessitates the absence of Dytéscide and most other aquatic or
semi-aquatic families. Even the Everglades and the rivers draining the same at the
northern end of Biscayne Bay seem to be almost destitute of acquatic Coleoptera.

and Central American faunas so that it is impossible to decide whether a
miscellaneous collection of Coleoptera comes from Western Texas or the
adjacent parts of Mexico. A miscellaneous collection, consisting only
of about 100 species but made promiscuously in semitropical Florida can
at a glance be distinguished from a similar collection made in Cuba or
any other part of the West Indies. Further, the peculiar composition of
this fauna at once precludes the assumption that any agencies other than
the current of the Gulf stream could have been active in assisting the im-
migration from the West Indies.

To find out the geographical extent of this semitropical fauna in
Florida was the chief object of my trip and since I was fortunate enough
to transverse the whole length of the region to be taken into consideration,
I have been able to contribute to the solution of this question. But long
before I got through with my trip I had come to the conclusion that in
the course of my first expeditions to Florida in the years 1875 and 1876
I had been, in the vicinity of Fort Capron and other points on the Indian
River, in the very midst of this West Indian colony of insects without
capturing any of them, except, accidentally, a few stray specimens. I
feel quite sure that my companions and myself passed then within a few
yards of places where we might have collected scores of species belonging
to this semitropical fauna. But at that time we did not know anything
about the peculiar mode of occurrence of this fauna. Some years later,
Mr. H. G. Hubbard instituted a careful search at several points on the
narrow strip of land lying between the ocean and the Indian River between
Capron and Jupiter inlet. He found then for the first time quite a num-
ber of these species which I now recognize as West Indian immigrants.
All these occured exclusively in small and isolated thickets of hammock
Jand found at wide intervals in the dense shrubbery back of the ocean
beach. Mr. Hubbard recognized several trees composing these thickets
as West Indian species, but the relation of the insects to this flora was at
that time not fully recognized, and some of the more striking species
found by Mr Hubbard were shortly afterwards described by Dr. Leconte
as belonging to the Floridian fauna.

Most of the more southern Keys are covered with semitropical
forest, 7. e. forest composed of West Indian trees, while, as I stated be-
fore, the true Floridian fauna and flora are almost entirely absent. These
islands are, therefore, by no means favorable to a study of the relation of
the semitropical to the true Floridian fauna. However, a stay of a few
weeks on the shores of Biscayne Bay fully sufficed to settle this question.
Here as well as on the mainland farther south and the northernmost
Keys (Key Largo and Elliott’s Key) the Floridian flora largely infringes
upon the semitropical forest and reduces the same to smaller or larger

—17I—

island-like patches lying close to the shore or occupying similary isolated
patches on the shore of the Everglades and the few islands in the Ever-
giades. The bulk of the mainland is covered by pine woods* with an
undergrowth composed almost entirely of true Floridian plants. ‘There
are further vast stretches of what is called ‘‘the prairie,” 2 e. land quite
recently formed, partly by the accumulation of seaweeds swept ashore by
the waves, and partly by the advance of the Mangroves. ‘This prairie is
covered with the same herbaceous vegetation which we see in similar
places in Central Florida and does not contain a single semitropical
“plant. Even the hammock is invaded by several true Floridian trees:
the Live Oaks, several Palmettos, the Hackberry and others make their
appearance and, on higher ground we find plenty of Persea carolinensis,
Now on all these trees, in the pine woods and on the prairie, in short
wherever there is the Floridian flora we meet the true Floridian insect
fauna whereas the semitropical fauna is confined to the semitropical
forest.** This fact once recognized, it becomes evident that the north-
ward extent of this fauna is identical with that of the semitropical forest,
a fact fully borne out by subsequent experience.

We have seen that the semitropical forest occupies the chain of the
Keys and island-like spots on the shores of Biscayne Bay and farther
south on the mainland. North of Miami River the coral formation
rapidly sinks below the level of the ground and the land is covered with
vast stretches of Mangrove and saw-grass swamps until it is lost into the
Everglades. The semitropical forest is no longer to be found here but it
is continued northward in a remarkable way on the narrow and sandy
coast strip beginning with Cape Florida. Here we meet for the first time
with the semitropical maritime flora in its fullest development. It covers
as a dense shrubbery the land back of the beach; but to my surprise I
was unable to discover any peculiar Coleoptera on this flora although in
Hemiptera I found here quite a number of the most striking species.
But in the very midst of this shrubbery, at a distance of from 2—300
yards from the beach, there occur little patches of the semitropical forest,
these patches being only about one acre in size, rarely larger and often

* While it is true that the Pine of Southern Florida, Pinus cubensis, is also of
West Indian origin, its distribution in Florida is quite different from the rest of the
semitropical flora and its introduction evidently of a very ancient date. Its fauna
does not differ from that of the Yellow Pine (P. palustris).

** There is, in addition, in Southern Florida a maritime fauna of semitropical
character but the number of species composing the same (about 12 in Coleoptera) is
so small that it is hardly worth while considering. Its northern extent is still uncer-
tain but it is safe to say that on the eastern coast, it does not reach beyond Musquito
Inlet at New Smyrna.

--172—

smaller but always widely distant from each other and difficult to find in
the high and dense shrubbery of the maritime flora. At Lake Worth,
about 100 miles north of Cape Florida the semitropical forest attains a
most unusual development extending for 8 or g miles on the narrow
space between the lake and the sea. In their northward extent along the
Indian River these semitropical thickets become smaller and scarcer, one
species after another of the semitropical trees disappears and with their
food-plants the semitropical insects become gradually scarcer in individuals
as well as species. Before reaching Cape Canaveral this peculiar fauna
and flora may be said to have disappeared. I desire to emphasize here
once more as one of the principal characteristics of this flora and fauna,
that north of the Everglades they nowhere appear inland but always close
to the shore. Even along the inner bank of the Indian River there are—
or rather were—but a very few. spots covered with semitropical forest,
viz: on the mouth of the St. Lucie and Sebastian Rivers, at the southern
end of Merritt’s Island and perhaps some others; but they are now
mostly destroyed by cultivation,

What I have hitherto said of the extent of the semitropical fauna
refers only to the eastern and south-eastern coast of Florida. I know
nothing from personal experience how far north this fauna extends on the
western coast.* In fact the south-western part of Florida south of the
Caloosahatchee River is at present the most unknown and least accessible
portion of the whole United States and, entomologically, still /erra in-
cognia. I rely here entirely on a statement by Prof. C. S. Sargent pub-
lished in his ‘‘ Report on the forests of North America” ** and quote it
herewith ; but I wish to say that long before I saw it I had worked out
from my own experience and with the aid of Mr. Hubbard’s notes the
extent of the semitropical fauna and flora along the south-eastern coast.
Says Prof. Sargent: ‘‘A group of arborescent species of West Indian
origin occupies the narrow strip of coast and islands of Southern Florida.
This belt of semitropical vegetation is confined to the immediate neigh-
borhood of the coast and to occasional hammocks or islands of high
ground situated in the savannahs which cover a great portion of Southern
Florida, checking, by the nature of the soil and want of drainage, the
spread of forest growth across the peninsula. This semitropical forest
belt reaches Cape Malabar on the east, and the shores of Tampa Bay on
the west coast, while some of its representatives extend fully two degrees

* The distribution of semitropical insects on the western coast is facilitated by a
counter current which, originating at Cape Florida, runs in a south-westerly direction
between the Keys and the mainland to Cape Sable, thence northward along the
coast.

** Tenth Census of the United States, Vol. IX, 1884, p. 6.

riggs

farther north. It is rich in composition ; nearly a quarter of all the
arborescent species of the Atlantic forest are found within this insignificant
region.”

In these few words the extent of the semitropical insect fauna is also
sketched, but Prof. Sargent omits to emphasize the island-like distribution
of the semitropical forest which as a matter of course exists on the Keys
but is maintained throughout on the mainland.

This distribution of the semitropical fauna which surrounds, like a
necklace of pearls by far the largest portion of the penincula of Florida
is certainly a most remarkable one, and has, I think, no parallel in any
other country of the globe.

In a paper read at the March (1888) meeting of the Entomological
Society of Washingion, My. Uhler, while speaking on the Hemiptera col-
lected by mysell in south-eastern Florida, stated that the present Hemip-
terous fauna of North America is largely derived from the neo-tropical
fauna, and that the comparatively few really nearctic forms in Southern
Florida have a hard struggle with the invaders from the South. His first
assertion is undoubtedly correct and holds true also of the other Orders
of insects; but Mr. Uhler omits to state that the immigration to which
he refers and which shaped the character of the present fauna of the North
American continent, took place at a very remote age, viz: at the end of
the Ice period, long before there existed a Southern Florida. The settle-
ment of West Indian plants and insects which has been the subject of
my communication is, geologically speaking, of quite recent date and,
in fact, is still going on. This West Indian colony occupies, as we have
seen, a very modest place in Florida and certainly does not infringe upon
or contend with the continental forms. Some species have acquired, and
some others no doubt will acquire the power to change their food-habits
and extend their geographical range northward, but the majority will re-
main confined to the isolated spots covered by the semitropical forest
and will never compete with the North American forms. Yes, this semi-
tropical flora and fauna stands even in imminent danger of being con-
siderably restricted by the agency of Man since the hammock land, on
account of its rich soil, is rapidly brought under cultivation. Thus the
once famous semitropical hammock of Lake Worth will have entirely dis-
appeared ere long.

During my stay on the shores of Biscayne Bay I witnessed myself
the destruction by cultivation of some of the prettiest pieces of semitrop-
ical hammock land, and if on the island of Key West the building boom,
which flourished at the time of my visit, holds on for only three or four
years, not the slightest trace will then be left of the hammock, and the
semitropical insect fauna of that island will be a thing of the past. Sul, .

ean °

there is no danger that this fauna will become entirely extinct in Southern
Florida, since many spots covered with semitropical forest are situated in
the most inhospitable and inaccessible parts of the country which will
never have any attraction to the settler.

One more question remains to be briefly touched, viz: What shall
we do with these colonies of semitropical insects in the south-western and
south-eastern extremities of our country? Shall we include them in the
lists of North American insects or shall we exclude them therefrom ?
From the standpoint of systematic Entomology it would no doubt be ad-
vantageous to include as much as possible or the whole of the semitrop-
ical faunas since the systematic position of many now isolated species or
genera or higher groups could then be established in a much more satis-
factory way than it is possible from the study of the North American fauna
alone. Some of our authors, dealing with whole Orders of insects, have
indeed included this semitropical fauna, e. g. Dr. Hagen sin his
Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America, Baron Osten-Sacken in
his Catalogue of Diptera, and Mr. Uhler in his Check List of Hemiptera.
These authors could do so, however, without much inconvenience since
the material at their command from Central America and the West Indies
was very limited as to the number of species. If they had now the im-
mense material from the continent of Central America that has been ac-
cumulated by the enterprise and energy of the editors of the ‘‘ Biologia
Centrali-Americana” they would no longer include the Central American
fauna into a Monograph or Catalogue of North American insects, for the
the simple reason that the true North American fauna would then appear
as an insignificant appendix to the much richer fauna of the Semitropics.
The fauna of the West Indies is as yet but very imperfectly known; but
it is safe to say that, although poorer than the Central American fauna,
the number of its species also exceeds that of the North American con-
tinent.

This inclusion would, in Coleoptera alone, involve the addition of
at least 20,000 species. Our systematists would thus be utterly over-
whelmed by this abundance of material, and, moreover, after this in-
clusion we would be in the same trouble as before, since there is again
no dividing line between the Central American faunas and the adjacent
portions of the tropical fauna of South America. This inclusion is, there-
fore, impracticable but so is also a wholesale exclusion, for the reason
that the many semitropical species found along our south-western frontier
and the few species that were hitherto known of the West Indian colony
in Florida, have already been included into our own fauna, and it would
cause considerable confusion and inconvenience to exclude them again
from our lists and synopses. Moreover, a portion of these species have

acquired a more or less wide distribution in our Southern States and
could, therefore, be still less conveniently excluded.

Thus some intermediate way must be found to deal with this semi-
tropical colony. Mr. J. B. Smith, in a recent paper in the Enromotoerca
AMERICANA proposes to admit only such species as are found breeding
within our territory and to reject all temporary visitors. This would ad-
mit, so far as the Coleoptera are concerned, the whole fauna of the semi-
tropical forest of Southern Florida which has been the subject of this
communication. Iam fully in accord with Mr. Smith though I can
foresee that there will be considerable dissent among Entomologists, and
especially Lepidopterists, whether certain species are to be considered as
permanent residents or temporary visitors. Still I would like to add an-
other restriction, viz : to exclude also all such species which add a strange
or disturbing element into the classification of North American insects.
Under disturbing elements I understand all such species or genera which
in their characters contrast more or Jess strongly with those of the nearest
North American species or genera and which would thus occupy a more
or less isolated position in our monographs and synopses. *

Dr. Riley remarked that he thought there was little room for differ-
ence of opinion regarding the exclusion of West Indian species from the
Floridan fauna. We can no more exclude them from consideration than
the Mexican species in Southern California. As we extend our realm we
are obliged to recognize additional forms as connected with the fauna of
the United States. The United States does not have a natural geograph-
ical limit and embraces portions of different great faunal regions. Where
the presence only of species has been recorded they should be included
in our lists simply as visitors and when breeding here as residents.

Mr. Fletcher asked what the object could be in excluding them. He
thought the occurence of a species in our territory sufficient reason to in-
clude it in our faunal list. As information might be at any moment re-
quired concerning its habits. ‘There was no difficulty in indicating in
such lists that it was an accidental visitor.

Mr. Bethune cited cases in Canada, where some essentially Southern
insects“occur as Adefia argillacea, Erebus odora, Sphinx ello, etc. He
"_* For the benefit of those who have the opportunity of studying the fauna of our
south-western frontier I append here the following statement by Prof. C. S. Sargent
(Report on the forest trees of N. A., p. 6), as it may help to throw some light on the
distribution of Mexican forms in Western Texas: ‘‘ The Mexican forést belt of Texas
extends from the valley of the Colorado River, near the 98th mer‘dian to the Rio
Grande. It touches the coast not far from the Nueces River and extends to the eastern

base of the mountain ranges west of the Pecos; here the species of which it is com-
posed mingle with those peculiar to the Pacific-Mexican forest.”’

—176—

would not omit them altogether but admit them as visitors. In the
Florida fauna he thought it would be best to include all found there.
He was of the opinion that any difficulty might be obviated by writers of
Monographs stating.on their title-pages that they treated of the insects
inhabiting the Northern temperate region of the U. S. rather than ‘‘the
U.S. north of Mexico” as is now customary.

Mr. Howard believed it best to separate mere captures from fauna}
lists which should be based on residence of a species, and inquired how
such species could be a disturbing element in monographic works.

Mr. Schwarz replied that they represent groups of genera or species
which have their nearest allies in the semitropics but not in our fauna.
It is important to recognize them as belonging to a tropical fauna. Faunal
limits are often very sharply drawn and we should exercise more care in
defining such limits.

Mr. Smith stated that he agreed in the main with Mr. Schwarz.
There is a difference in the semitropical and north temperate faunz, some
small part of our fauna belongs to semitropical but nearly all to the North
temperate. There is no distinction between the United States and Canada
but there is a very distinct difference between north temperate and semi-
tropical faunz. He would not exclude Mexican from American insects
when they belong to the north temperate fauna. He thought we should
define not the fauna of a political boundary but that of a zoological
boundary.

Dr. Riley remarked that the trouble is there is no definite nespdere
The people of this country desire to study insects occurring in the country,
no matter what their relationship outside. Include them in our faunal
studies but indicate their relations. In short, do with them as Mr. Schwarz
has done in making a special study of their limits.

Mr. Osborn remarked that species of one fauna so lap over into the
region of another that it is difficult to draw a line between zoological
regions. Intermediate forms may occupy nearly equal territory in con-
tiguous faunal regions. It is important that these intruding species
should be included, perhaps with special note, for the very purpose of
indicating their extreme limits.

Dr. Riley suggested the practical question, should a resident of
Florida expect to had such species mentioned in a work on Florida in-
sects or must he search in foreign works for them.

Dr. Peabody asked if the tropic of Cancer is a dead wall separating
north temperate from tropical forms. He believed fixed lines do not
exist in nature.

Mr. Smith said in certain species limitation is fixed by food-plant
and that may be fixed by temperature as a wall.

Mr. Fletcher remarked that zoo-geographical lines are not strictly
drawn like territorial boundaries but that such papers as the one by Mr.
Schwarz are great helps in defining their limits.

Mr. Howard stated that in the Coccrde a student would find re-
presentatives of the Australasian, Asiatic and European faunee as well as
the American represented here. This is an extreme case, but can we
omit such species from monographic works ?

Dr. Riley considered that introduced species become firmly establish-
ed in our fauna and must be included in all monographic treatment.

Mr. Smith said the Coccide follow their food-plants when introduced
and as they become established must be considered as part of our native
fauna.

Mr. Westcott described a moth-trap by means of black-board
figures and answered numerous questions as to its construction.

The Club then proceeded to the election of Officers for the ensuing
year which resulted as follows: President, James Fletcher, Ottawa,
Canada; Vice-President, L. O. Howard, Washington, D. C.; Secretary,
D. S. Kellicott, Columbus, Ohio.

On motion the Club adjourned sie de.
HERBERT OsBorn, Secretary.
a

‘““A Monograph of the Sphingide of North America,
North of Mexico. By Joun B. Smiru.”

By Pror. C. H. FeErna.p.

The above is the title of a very valuable paper in the Transactions of
the American Entomological Society, Vol. XV, consisting of 194 pages
and 10 plates of structural details. After a pretty thorough characteriza-
tion of the family, in which the genitalia are described and published for
the first time, so faras I know, Mr. Smith gives a comparatively full
history of the publications on this group, from the time of Linnzeus down.
In this I fear Mr. Smith has been too much governed by prejudices, for
the work of Mr. Grote is handled without gloves, while my own little
paper on the New England species certainly receives too great commenda-
tion. The work of P. Maassen receives no greater praise than it probably
deserves.

The subfamilies JZacroglossine, Cherocampine, Sphingine and
Smerinthine are recognized and quite full characteristics given, but the
lines of demarkation between them are not so clear but that some of the
species may require further transposition. Mr. Smith does not seem to
have found subfamily characters in the genitalia, which is quite remark-
able since the Zor/ricide, in their genitalia, furnish subfamily, generic,
and specific characters.

—17§8—

Keyes are given for the determination of the sub-families, genera
and species, which will prove of great assistance. The genera are well
characterized and the history of the name discussed more or less. A
complete synonomy of each species is given and a full description, with
the habitat. The early stages are not given but references are made
to them.

The work is a model in its way, and a similar work on the Woctur-
de would be a god-send to American entomologists. A few typo-
graphical errors have crept in which will doubtless be corrected. By a
slip of the pen (or types) the first two letters of the generic name A e//o-
pos are contracted into a diphthong thus doing away with one syllable,
and the specific name ‘‘mscrip/um” should be in the feminine form to
agree with that of the genus Dezdamza under which it is placed.

Mr. Smith rejects the generic name PAlegethonhus and adopts the
later name Pro/oparce, because, as he says, ‘‘Hiibner’s term is not one
expressing a distinct idea, and the three American species now referred
as congeneric, were placed in three distinct coiti by him.” What gen-
eric name over twenty-five years old in any department of zoology can
stand under this ruling! It has been the work of modern zoologists to
take the old generic names and selecting some species under each as a
type, bring together under it the conspecific names and thus purify them.
Mr. Smith appears to have an especial hatred for Hiibner, but unfortu-
nately there were Hiibners in every department of zoology, so that
there is now no course to pursue but to observe the rules closely, and
treat all authors alike, for unless this is done, some later writer will
overthrow the work. Zoologists have formulated and crystalized their
ideas on nomenclature very much within the last ten years as is shown
in the Code of the American Ornithologists’ Union.

The genus Daremma is sunk asa synonym of Cerafoma which I
believe to be correct. I could find no satisfactory characters to separate
them and I think Mr. Smith is right in writing them. ‘The system of
venation adopted is that used by the entomologists on the continent of
Europe and by most of the English and Americans. Dr. Packard
claims that this method is unscientific and only used by amateurs. All
I have to say on this point now, is that the professionals are in an ex-
ceedingly small minority.

At the close is given a List of the Sphingidz of Temperate North
America, which introduces some few changes from the body of the
book. With such an admirable work on the Sphingide we can afford
to let these insects take a long breathing spell.

la
ia

Partial Preparatory Stages of Dryopteryx rosea, W/,.
By Harrison G. Dyar.
Rhinebeck, N. Y.

Egg.—Elliptical, flattened above and below, 8 mm. long and 4
broad, finely punctured. Color white. Laid singly, or in twos or threes
on either surface of the leaf. When more than one is Jaid at once they
are in a line in the direction of their longest diameters.

Newly hatched larva. —Body somewhat wrinkled, swelled at joint 2
which has two short conical processes. A single process on top of joint
4. Body terminates in a single prolongation. Color brown, blackish
laterally. Head rounded and black. Head and body thinly covered
with very short and whitish hairs. ‘The larva eats the upper half of the
leaf at the edge, resting on this portion which becomes withered and
brown, much resembling the color of the insect at this stage.

After rst moult, —Vransversely wrinkled, four wrinkles to each joint,
and roughened with numerous small yellowish points. Color yellowish
dorsally, brownish laterally ; two conical processes on joint 2, one on
joint 4. Head notched on top, roughened. Color brown,

Afier 2nd moult.—Similar to the preceeding. The larva now feeds
on the entire leaf, but when not feeding rests on the withered portion

After 3rd moult,—Color more even uniform brown but lighter dors-
ally, the lateral color extending upward on joint 8. ‘The yellowish points
are now very numerous.

After 4th moult,—Simuilar, but nearly uniform brown, the head a
little hghter and a narrow blackish dorsal line. Head surmounted by
two conical processes, the process on joint 4 rather shorter in proportion
than before, but the prolongation to the last segment one-third as long
as the body. Body wrinkled as in the previous stages and rough.

After this moult the larvae become lethargic and hybernate, resting
on the stem of the plant. They spin a very slight web on the bark to
which they cling. Their color closely resembles that of the bark.

Mr. Grote has given a description of the mature larva in Canadian
Entomologist, Vol. XIX, p. 50. There are probably two broods of the
insect in a season as the moths occur in June and August, but I have not
found any larve of the first brood.

Food plants: lturnum centfolium and V. lentago.

———__—_ <> -— —

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.

The next number, January, 1889, will begin Vol. V, and the
Volumes thereafter will correspond with the year. Vol. V will be com-
posed of 12 numbers for which the usual subscription price of $2.00
will be charged. Subscribers will very much oblige the Society by a
prompt remittance for the Volume to the treasurer, Curis. H. Roserts,
11 West 123rd Street, New York.

INDEX TO AUTHORS AND SUBI=ECTs,

Aaron, Eugene M.
Hlesperide, determination of 142

Ashmead, Wm. H.
Descriptions of Florida Chalcids 15
Genera and species of Eurytominee 41
Classification of Hemiptera 65
(reneric Table of Chalcidinze 87
Synopsis of Cicadzea 140
Beutenmueller, Wm.
N. A. Tineidz 29
Food-plants of Lepidoptera 75
Bollman, Charles H.
List of Myriapoda of Arkansas 1

Books received 59, 100.

Brooklyn Ento. Soc.

Reports of Meetings 59, 80
Bruce, David.

Larva of Gnophela vermiculata 24

Butler. A. G.
Note on Bolina fasciolaris 13

Casey, jas Le:
Thorouvhness in Entomological Tables
1S OF.

Crane, M. S.
Note on Eugonia alniaria 13

Dietz, Ottomar.

Callida purpurea 23
Dury, Charles.

Elateridze of Cincinnati 163

Dyar, Harrison G.
Dryopteryx rosea, larva 179

Edwards, Henry.
Euproserpinus euterpe 25
Early staves of N. A. Moths 61
Notes on Lepidoptera 63

Entomological Club A.A. A. S.
Report of Proceedings 101, 125, 145,
165.

Fernald, C,H:

Monograph of Sphingidz, Notice of 177
N. A. Pyralidze 37
Notes on Crambidz 44
The genus Diatrza 119
The genus Schcenobius 135
Fernald, H. T.
Erebus odora 36

Fletcher, James.
Canadian collections 145

Type specimens 146
Collecting Expedition to North Lake
Superior 159

- Graef, Edw. L.

Hyparpax aurostriata 58
Zeuzera pyrina 162

Grote, A. R.
The genus Platythyris 73
Species of Boarmia 98
Cerathosia tricolor 121

Hagen, H. A.
The genus Sympetrum 31

Hamilton, John.
Thoroughness in Ento. Tables 78

Horn, Geo. H.
Note on Chanopterus 48

Hubbard, H. G.
Amphicerus bicaudatus 95

Hulst, Geo. D.
Book Notices 38, 79, 99, 143, 160
Notes 45, 47, 48, 63, 64, 79, 85
Notes on Geometridze (No. 4) 49
Faunal limits of U. S. 70
Handling wasps without harm 86
New genera and species of Epipaschiz
and Phycitidee 113
Jiilich, Wm.
Phleophagus spadix 35
Kellicott, D. S.
Hepialus argentiomaculatus 153

Liebeck, Charles.
Collecting Notes 74

Marx, George.
A new Spider 160

Moeschler, H. B.
A more wicked worm 34

Osborn, Herbert.
Aleurodes 147

Pearsall, R. H.

Scopelosoma moffatiana 59
Rivers; ei)

Aegeria impropria 99
Schaus, Wm., Jr.

Larva of Phassus triangularis 64

Schwarz, E. A.
Insect fauna of semitropical Florida
165

g *,

4

ad

INDEX TO AUTHORS AND SUBJECTS.

Smith, John B. Weed, C. M.
Introduction to classification of N. A. Parasites of Hemaris diffinis 147
Lepidoptera 9, 27 Parasites of Phoxopteris comptana 149
A disclaimer 14
Book Notices 52, 56, 58 Weeks, A. C.
Notes 86, 96. Acontia delecta 46

List of Sphingidze of N. A. 89 |
Presidents Address, Ento. Club of A. | Weeks, A.G., Jr.

eA Sep Collecting Notes 123
Cerathosia tricolor 122 Westcott, O. S.
Uhler, P. R. Ento. Memoranda 154
Cicada of U S. 21,-81.

Wright, W.G.
Washington Ento. Soc. Lyczena sonorensis 71
Reports of meetings 20, 40, 60, 80

GENERAL INDEX.

Acerata 65
Acidalia hepaticaria 49
Acontia delecta 46
Acrobasis albocapitella, n. sp. 116
Acrolophus mexicanella, n. sp. 29
Egeria impropria 99
fEgeridze, classification of 9
Agrotis, pupation of 154
Albuna 12
Alcathoe 11
Aletia argillacea 45
Aleurodes, wing origen 147
Altona, n. gen. 116

«¢ —ardiferella, n. sp. 118
Amphicerus bicaudatus 95
Anisopteryx vernata 51
Anoristia olivella, n. sp. 117
Antepione imitata 49
Apanteles limenitidis 149
Apatela americana, food-plants, 75, 85
Aphycus chrysopee, n. sp. 15

See Teresi). sSpaals

“6 unicolor, n. sp. 15
Aplodes coniferaria 49

Bandera cupidinella, n. sp. 118
Bembecia 11
Bephrata 42, 43
Boarmia, species of 50, 98
Bolina cunearis 13

*« fasciolaris 13

** nigrescens 13

“* ochripennis 13
Botis plumbosignalis, n. sp. 37
Brooklyn Ento. Society,

Brooklyn Inst. 80

Bruchophagus, n. gen. 42, 43

Butterflies, attracted to carrion 154, 157.

Calera punctilimbella 100
Calledapteryx dryopterata 63
Callida purpurea 23
Callimorpha 14

Calothysanis amaturaria 63
Calyria occidentis 82
Carmenta 12

a parvula 22
Cayuga, n. gen. 116
Cerata 65

Cerathosia tricolor 121, 122
Chalcidinz, Generic table 87
Chalcids, from Florida 15
Chanopterus 48
Chilo decorellus 44

*« plejadellus 45
Choreia flavicincta, n. sp. 17
Cicada rimosa 153
Cicada of U. S. 21, 81

Union with

Cicadidze, Genera of 140

Citheronia mexicana 62

Classification of N. A. Lepidoptera,
Seslidze 9, Thyrididz 27

Cleora pulchraria 50

Clisiocampa fragilis 62

* Collections of insects in U. S. 105-129,

in Canada 145
Collecting notes 74, 86, 96, 123, 153,
154, 163
Coloradia pandora 61
Comys cyanea, n, sp. 17
Cossus alni 153
Crambidz, Notes on 44
Crambus decorellus 44
Craspedosoma flavidum, n. sp. 2
Cremastus cookii, n. sp. 150
Cryptolechia concolorella, n. sp. 30
Cryptops hyalinus 5
Cryptorhynchus lapathi 24
Cydosia 6U

Dasypyga carbonella, n. sp. 117
Decatoma 42, 43
Diatreea alleni, n. sp. 120
‘¢ differentialis, n, sp. 120
se Synopsis of 119
Dinocarsis pulcher, n. sp. 17
Diplax 31
Diphryx 45
Diplodontia, n. gen. 87
Diviana eudoriella 100
Dolichorrhinia 100
Dryopteryx rosea, larva 179

Eggs of butterflies, how obtained 19
Elateridz of Cincinnati 163
Empretia stimulea, food plants 75, 55
Entomology and Ento. Collections in
U.S. 102

Entomology for beginners 164
Epipaschiaz, new species of 113
Erebus odora 36
Eubyia quernaria 50

‘¢ penulataria 50

“ cupidinaria 50

‘¢ mexicanaria 51
Eucyrtus pyralidis, n. sp. 15
Eudecatoma, n. gen. 42, 48
Eugonia alniaria 13

“ magnaria 49
Euhagena 11
Euproserpinus euterpe, n. sp. 25

ce phaeton 25

Eurytoma 42, 43
Eurytominze, genera of 41
Eurytomocharis, n. gen. 42, 43
Evoxysoma, n. gen, 42, 43.
Exelis pyrolaria 50

GENERAL INDEX.

Fatua 11

Fauna of Florida 20, 40, 60

Faunal limits of U. S. 70

Fidicina 21

Florida, Experiment Station Report 79
Florida, Insect life of semitropical 165
Food plants of Lepidoptera 75
Frontaria virginiensis 3

Galleriidz of N. A. 38
Geometridz, Notes on 49
Geophilus okolonz, n. sp. 5
Gluphisia tearlei 63

Gnophaela vermiculata, larva 24
Gracilaria nigristriella, n. sp. 30

us sanguinella, n. sp. 30
ss shastella, n. sp. 30
Bi ruptistrigella, n. var. 30

Glypta phoxopteridis, n. sp. 151

Halesidota tessellata, food plants, 76
Harmonia 12
Hemaris diffnis, Parasites of 147
Hemiptera, Classification of 65
* Henicops fulvicornis 7
Hepialus argentiomaculatus 153
Hesperidae, determination of 142
Heterogynidae, Classification of 28

se Note on 50
Heteroptera, Families of 67
Homoeosoma candidella, n. sp. 118
Homoptera, Families of 68
Honora fuscatella, n. sp. 118

« glaucatella, n. sp. 117
«© obsipella, n. sp. 118

Hydrocampa proprialis, n. sp. 37
Hyparpax aurostriata, n. sp. 50
Hyperchiria pamina 62
Hypochilidae, n. fam. 161
Hypochilus, n. gen. 161

ce thorellii, n. sp. 161

Ice worm 24

Insect fauna of semitropical Florida 165
Insect Life 143

Tsosoma 42, 43

Isosomocharis, n. gen. 42, 43
Tsosomodes, n. gen. 42, 43
Isosomorpha, n. gen. 42, 43

Katona, n. gen. 113
** euphemella. n. sp. 113

Lachnosterna fusca 154, 157

% gibbosa 154, 157

vt species of 52
Larunda 11
Lepiodes interruptaria 49
Leptomastix tineaevora, n. sp. 16
Linotaenia bramneri, n. sp. 4

Oe robusta, n. sp. 4
Lipocosma fuliginosalis, n. sp. 37
Lipographis decimerella, n. sp. 117

Lipographis niviella, n. sp. 117
Lithobius celer, n. sp. 7
“s oedipes, n. sp. 8
oe pinguis, n. sp. 7
Loma, n. gen, 114
«© nephelotella, n. sp. 114
Lycaena sonorensis 71

Mecoceras peninsularis 50
Melittia 11
Metadontia, n. gen. 87
Mira longipennis, n. sp. 17
Mona, n. gen. 115
‘© olbiella, n. sp. 116
Monograph of Sphingidze, Notice of 177
Myriopoda of Arkansas 1

Nebraska, Experiment Station Report 56
Nephopteryx filiolella, n. sp. 117

Oreana, n. gen. 115
Ortholophus variabilis 29

Penthetria, 28
Petaluma, n. gen. 114
Phaenodiscus armatus, n. sp. 17
Phassus triangularis 64
Phemenoe 11
Phigalia olivacearia 51
Philachyra 42, 43
Phlaeophagus apionides 35

se minor 35

fe spadix 35
Phoxopterys comptana, parasites of 149
Phycitidae, new genera and species 114

ce of N. A. 38, 99
Pima, n. gen. 114

«© fosterella, n. sp. 114

Platypedia, n. gen. 23

eg areolata 23

es minor, n. sp.. 81

ie putnami 23, 82
Platypsilla castoris 40
Platythyris 27, 73
Pleocoma 40
Podosesia 12
Polydesmus minor, n. sp. 2

Ot pinetorum, n. sp. 3
Prionomastix americana, n. sp. 16
Proarna, species of 83

és albida 83

‘© pulverea 83
at valvata, n. sp. 84
Pronuba 80

Prunasis venosa, n. sp. 82
Psecadia monticola 29

as obscurella, n. sp. 29

ss subcaerulea 29
Pseudanaphora arcanella 29
Psilophrys armatus, n. sp. 16

ss pulchripennis, n. sp. 16
Pyralidae, new, 37
Pyrophila pyramidoiles, food p'ants 47
Pyrrhotenia 12

GENERAL

Ragonotia 100
Rhogas funnipennis 148
Rileya, n. gen. 42, 43

‘¢ proposed genus 80

Saluda, n. gen. 113
Sannina 12
Saturnia galbina 61

Schoenobius, species of 135
ee albocostellus, n. var. 138
me clemensellus 138
36 dispersellus 138
ce longirostrellus 139
4 melinellus 137
a sordidellus 136
ee tripunctellus 136
ae unipunctellus 136

Sciapteron 11
Sciota, n. gen. 115

« icroceella, n- sp. 115
Scopelosoma moffatii 59
Sesia 12
Sesiidae 9
Sphaeriodesmus pudicus, n. sp. 3
Sphingicampa 4-lineata 62
Sphingidae of N. A., List of 89
Sphinx elsa, larva 61
Spider, a new 160

eC eabites: 40
Sympetrum 31
Synopsia phigaliaria 50
Systole 42, 43
Systolodes, n. gen. 42, 43

Tacoma, n. gen. 115

' Tineidae of N. A. 29

INDEX.

Tacoma feriella, n. sp. 115
Tallula, n. gen. 115
Tehama, n. gen. 115
Tetralopha callipeplella, n. sp. 114
Tettigia 21
‘¢ —hieroglyphica 22
Thia 28 ;
Thoroughness in entomological tables,
18, 78, 97
Thrypidae, Habits of 152
Thyrididae 27
Thyris 27

Tioga, n. gen. 113

‘* _aplastella, n. sp. 113
Trochilium 11
Type, application of the word 146

Uinta, n. gen. 116
«¢ oreadella, n. sp. 116

Wanda, n. gen. 114

cee taltellaseness p>
Wasps, Handling without harm 86
Welaka, n. gen. 116
White Mountain Lepidoptera 123
Winona, n. gen. 113

Xanthosoma, n. gen. 42, 43
Xyloborus 20

Zenodoxus 13
Zeuzera canadensis 162
‘© pyrina 162
Zophodia longipennella, n, sp. 115

VoL. IV. ik lL. | APRIL, 1888.

; - PUBLISHED BY THE :
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

——__—_> +2. ___—_

EDITOR ;

Rev; Geo. D. Huts,
15 HIMROD STREET,
BrooktyN, N.Y:

ASST. EDITOR :

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A!

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To THE SUBSCRIBERS TO ENTo. AM. :

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L

as 6é “¢e ce be Ka ie 1.50 90
. a “ “e “e Gi. 5 ce ke be 4 S 2.00 1.00
se Other Sizes and Thicknesses at Proportionate Prices. ‘Liberal Discount for Quantities.

Scientific and Medical Books, Minerals and

other objects of Natural History.
A. E. FOOTE, M. D.

(Prof. of Min. and Chem. ; Fellow Am, Ass’n. Ady. Science » Life Member Am. Mus. Nat.
History, New York, and Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.)

{223 Belmont Avenue, Philadelphia, .Pa.

Over 5000 Entomological books, pamphlets and excerpts in stock.

Largest stock of minerals in the world. Largest stock of Scientific Books in
America. Copies of the ‘‘Naturalist’s Leisure Hour’, 32 pp., sent free on ap-
plication. If stamp is enclosed, the subscriber’s edition on heavy paper is sent.
Please state, what department of science you are specially interested in.

BRASS FOLDING NET-RINGS $1.00.

Sweeping- and Water-Nets Made to Order.
: ; Fishing Tackle, Rods, Recla Hooks, Xe.

Cc. ‘Sia oe Sorgen

No. 18? BOWERY, MEW FORE.
B. Neumegen, P. 0. Box 2581, New York City,

wishes to*arrange with collectors in all parts of the world for the purchase or ex-
change of Lepidoptera... Western and Southwestern U.S. species especially desired,
and liberal prices will be paid for material from Utah, Montana and Oregon.

FOR SALE x rhe collection of Lepidoptera of FRED. TEPPER, num-
; . bering about 12,000 specimens, among which are some
_ fine series and many types principally in the Noctuide. Apply to

FRED: TEPPER, 2. O. Bow 3837, New York City,

BRAZILIAN COLEOPTERA FOR SALE!

* Well. prepared-and packed; killed by Cyanide and preserved with white .
Naphthaline as the buyer selects ; in sets of 200 to 250 species. Sent by mail for
$15.00. Terms § month. | Exchanges accepted.

_ Also-a large assortment ot Brazilian Lepidoptera !

JULIUS MICHAELIS,

Theresopolis, Province Santa Catharina, - Brazil.

COLEOPTERA OF PACIFIC.COAST FOR SALE.

Also, Insects of other orders.
LL. E. RICKSECKER, P. O. Box 208, Santa Rosa, Cal,

-For Sale by the

«d BROOKLYN. ENTOMOLOGICAL. SOCIETY. Be

1, Bulletin vol. I to VII, 1878—1885, each ae? = = $1.00
Vol.-I is-sold only ‘with a complete set of 7 vols. :
2. Explanation of terms, used in Entomology. - 38 pp: 1883. 50 Gants. .
3. Synopsis of the N..A. species of Platynus by J. L. Leconte. me
16 pp. Nov. 1879 : 50 Cents.
4. Synopsis of the Lucanide of the U.S. By Chas. Ea with op ak
plate. 10 pp. - 50 Cents.
5. Synopsis of the apes of the Nocbuidz (of N. _ .) by J. B. Smith.
1882. and 1883. 50.Cents.
6. Check-List ofthe N. A. Macrolepidoptera (Diurnals, Sphingide, -
Bombycide, Noctuide and Geometridz). 32 pp. -1882. - 25 Cents.
7. Synopsis of the Cicindelide of the U.S. of North America by F.
G. Schaupp, with five plates (four colored) and woodcuts. . $1.00
8. ‘Papilio’, vols. I to IV, 1880—1884, each $2.00
9. Lt. T. L. Casey’s papers as follows : ae ee
Contributions &e., Part I, 60 pp., 1884, 50 Cents.
** Part II, 138 pp., 1885, $1.00
Revision of the Stenini of America, north of Mexico. 206 prey
1 plate, 1884, ; $1.50

10. Check-List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera, by Ph. R. Uhler. 33 pp. 1886. 50 Cts.
-11.. Supplement to Henshaw’s Check List of Coleoptera. By Samuel ~ |

- Henshaw. 8 pp. 1887. 25 Cts.
12. “Entomologica Americana”, vol. I to III, each <5 82.00

——__—-(> > _____—_—_—_———_

BLANK LABELS. ,
Three sizes. No.1, 1£x Linch, 20 on a sheet: No. 2, %x finch, with or
without two guide lines for writing. 25 on ashect. No, 3, 14x 3; in., 480n asheet.

. All kinds supplied either black or red ; 1 Cent for 2 shee
eS Pe .
LOCALITY. LABELS.

In sets of 12 sheets have been prepared and are for sale at 15 Cents per set: .
Each sheet contains 42-lines and the sheets contain. as follows :

No. I'Cal., So. Cal, Or:,-W.-T., Vane: _ No. 2-Me., N. H:; Vt., Mass., R: i
Gt: No. 3’ N-Y¥:,-N. J., Penns; Del.,-Md.. No.4 Vas, W.Va, D. Cz NoC= S- ae ‘
No. 5 Geo., Fla.,; Ala., Miss., Tenn. No. 6 Ohio, Ind., S. Tl.,-Ky., Mo. No. 7
a Wisc., Mich., Td., N. Til. No.8 La..Tex.: Ark., I. T...Ns M.. No. 9-Col.,
. Mon., Dak.,. Neb. No. 10-Ks., Nev., Ut., Id., Ariz. No.11-Can., M BS
ws Sh R. A., Alask., Lab., Hud. B. No. 12 ae 21 ines <0 21 lines. 2

Any sheet sold separately @ 2 Cts. per sheet. Any State label separately @.
1 Cent per 100 labels. Specials for local collectors have also been prepared. No.
1, N.Y., 12-lines; N. J., 21 lines. No. 2, Ui. 2., 21 fines; C: I., 8 lines, be ed ad i 1
lines. -These are furnished at 2 Cents per sheet. All neatly printed and on ~
good paper. See
Address for any of the above SH
GEO. D. HULST, |
9 ee a. Himrod Street, —
BROOKL YN, Ws

“a
“

:
-
a

VOL. IV.—WNo. 2 MAY, 1988.

Ge ut UGIe Ae.
AMERIGANA

A MonrTHLy JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY.

PUBLISHED BY THE

BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

EDITOR;

Rev: Geo. D, Hutst;}

15 HIMROD STREET,

Brooktiyn, N.Y,

ASST. EDITOR :

Curis. H. Roserts,
11 WEST 123rp STREET,

New York.

A. C. HUENE & BRO., Printers, 103 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Entered at the Post Office at Brooklyn, N. ¥., as. Second Class Matter.

Offigers of the Byooktyn Futontatoninat Society.

President, EDWARD L_ GRAEF, - = - ¥ - 40 Court Street, -Brooklyn, N. Y.

Vice-Pres., OTTOMAR DIETZ, - are - - - 431 East 80th Street, New York.
Treasurer, CHRISTOPHER H. ROBERTS, ~ - ts 11 West 123rd Street, New York- :
Ree. Sec., ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS, - = - - - 182 Park Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. ‘
Cor. Sec., G. W. J. ANGELL, - = - ~ 2 - - 44 Hudson Street, New York. _ j
Librarian,. RICH’D F. PEARSALL, E - - - - - 16 Broad Street; New York. S
( MARTIN L. LENELL, (Coleoptera) - - 36 Doughty Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Curators, / WM, BEUTENMUELLER, (Lepidoptera) - - 182 East 76th Street, New York.

| A. C. WEEKS, (Other Orders.)

ED. -L: GRAEF,

CHRIS. H. ROBERTS:

- RICHARD F, PEARSALL. :
TRUSTEES: + CHARLES PALM, = - ~ = - 172 East 64th Street, New York.

“GUSTAV--BEYER. = “2°42 -3- 511 East 117th Street, New York.
FRANK H. CHITTENDEN, - | 409 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

| ARCHIBALD GC. WEEKS.

( GEO. D. HULST. - -~ - 15 Himrod Street, Brooklyn, N.Y.

|_ CHRIS. H. ROBERTS.

PUBLICATION — | G. W.-J. ANGELI..

COMMITTEE: ‘| WM. BEUTENMUELLER.
| HY. EDWARDS, - - -= ~- 185 East 116th Street, New York.
(|B. NEUMOEGEN. 22>, -Yo% = = “5 Box 258%, New. York.

0

The meetings of the Bsooxtyn EnromonoGicaL. Socrery are held on the
Evening of the first Tuesday of each month in its reoms, ;

SEN GE RB-UA-D HALE;

Cor. Smith and Scharnerhor Sts. BROOKLYN, N.Y.

Entomoiocicg AMERICANA

A combination of the “Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society”
and ‘‘Papilio”. ;

Subscription $2.00 per volume of twelve numbers; single numbers twenty
Cents each. f

Advertisements of six lines or less at $3.00 per annum; larger advertise-
ments at comparatively lower rates, single insertions 50 Cents.

Special attention is called to the following: ;

Books or papers for notice or review, and articles for publication should
be sent to the Editor: ; 2 -

Subscriptions and business communications to the Treasurer.

Exchanges and donations to library to the Librarian,

Insects for identification or as donations to the collection of the Society,
to either of the Curators. g ;

Rev. J. W. HOLLAND, Pittsburgh, Pa, |

has on hand and’ for sale, or exchange, a limited quantity of magnificent specimens of
the Lepidoptera of Japan of his own collecting, also a quantity of fine specimens of
the Lepidoptera ot West Africa, Siam, Celebes, and Queensland, He has also con-
sented to receive subscriptions for ihe magnificent new work upon the Butterflies of
Japan, by H. Pryer, entitled “ Rhopalocera Nihonica,” which is to be issued in 3
parts, 4t°, upon Japanese ‘* untearable paper,’”’. profusely and beautifully illustrated
with colored plates, at $4.00 a part. Part I now ready for delivery. ee et

Address W. J. HOLLAND, Ph. D,, 5th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Wa.

te

ie

.

vault

A New Material for Lining Insect Cases.

Pressed Cork in sheets of 19 x 23 inches, and 4 inch. thick, readily pierced by
the finest pins and firmly holding ali sizes; no hard spots or cavities. Price per sheet
50 Cents ; smoothly covered with white glaced paper 60 Cents.

Send for sample. H. HERPERS,

{8S Crawford Street,
NEWARK, N. J.

LEPIDOPTERA & COLEOPTERA.

In our new List XXX there are offered more than 7000 correctly named
species of Lepidoptera from all parts of the world ; also 700 species of preserved
larve and a number of living pupe.

Also large stock of rare Coleoptera (List V) for sale.

Price Lists on application.

Dr.,O. STAUDINGER & A. BANG HAAS,

BLASEWITZ near DRESDEN, GERMANY.

The undersigned is desirous of obtaining by exchange or. purchase all species
of U.S. Lepi doptera still wanting in his Collection.
Very liberal Exchanges will “be given.
Send for List of my desiderata.
LDWARD L. GRALEF,
e 40 Court Street, Brooklyn, NESE

A.W. PUTMAN- CRAMER, 308 Macon St., Brooklyn, N. 2

desires to exchange with Collectors of Lepidoptera throughout North America.
Noctuidze especially desired.
— Will name Noctuidze Free of Charge. —

C. H. ROBERTS, 11 West 123rd Street, N. Y. City, desires to obtain
Coleoptera of North America by exchange or purchase.
BUPRESTIDZE and WATER BEETLES especially desired.

I desire to purchase good American COLEOPTERA, unmounted preferred,
especially BUPRESTIDA.
Also any papers on Coleoptera not in my Collection.
. G. WI. ANGHLEL,
44 Hudson Street, New York.

GEO. FRANK, 293 Ewen Street,
Brooklyn, E.D., N. Y.,

desires to exchange Lepidoptera from all parts of the world. List of Duplicates
sent on application.

North American Lepidoptera wanted, especially Geometrdie and
Microlepidoptera.

Geometride and Pyralide named.

CEO. D. HULST,

{5 Himrod Street, BROOKLYN, E. D.

GEO. W. PECK o: moselie: New Jersey, has for sale some rare

Sphingidee and Bombycidz. Of the former—Smerinthus Astylus, Juglandis and
Myops. Also D. versicolor, Pseudophinx Tetrio, ae

COLEOPTERA of ARMENIA, CAUCASIA, RUSSIA and SOUTHERN EUROPE,

for sale by the hundred, each hundred at the price of $5.00, containing 60 species;
among them, Procerus caucasicus, Carabus armeniacus, 7- -carinatus, Cicindela Nord-
manni, Rhizotrogus tauricus, Homaloplia limbata, Oxythyrea longula, Prosodes ob-
tusa, Cleonus betavor us, Leptura Jaeveri, Fischeri, &e. &e.

Address Prof. K. L. BRAMSON, Gymna:e, Ekaterinoslaw, Russia.

CLASSIFICATION OF HYMENOPTERA.

The ‘‘Sy nopsis of the Families and Genera of the Hymenoptera of America,
North of Mexico,’? compiled by E. T. Cresson, and published by the American
Entomological Society, containing synoptic tables of families and genera, catalogue
of described species and bibliogr aphy, i is now ready. Price, $3.00. Price List
of Entomological Publications for sale, mailed on application, Address

E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer.
P. O. Box 1577, Philadelphia, Pa.

CER

For Sale by the

sq BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Pe

~1,. Bulletin vol. I to VI, 1878—1885, each $1.00
Vol, I is sold only with a complete set of 7 vols. .
2. Exlpanation of terms, used in Entomology. 38 pp. 1883, 50 Cents. —
3. Synopsis of the N. A. species of Platynus by J. L. Leconte.
16 pp. Nov. 1879 50 Cents.
4, Synopsis of the Lucanide of the U.S. By Chas. Fuchs; with
plate. 10 pp. 50 Cents.
5. Synopsis of the genera of the Noctuides (of N. A.) by J. B. Smith.
1882 and 1883. 50 Cents.
6. - Check-List of the N. A Macrolepidoptera (Diurnals, Sphingide,
Bombycidz, Noctuids and Geometridz). 82 pp.. 1882. 25 Cents.
7. Synopsis of the Cicindelidz of the U.S. of North America by F. —
G. Schaupp, with five plates (four colored) and woodcuts. $1.00
8. ‘‘Papilio”, vols. Ito TV, 1880—1884, each $2.00
9. Lt. T. L. Casey’s papers as follows :
Contribntions &c., Part I, 60 pp., 1884, 50 Cents.
EC ‘¢ Part II, 138 pp., 1885, $1.00
hacia of the Stenini of America, north of Mexico, 206 pp.
1 plate, 1884, $1.50

10. Check-List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera, by Ph. R. Uhler. 33 pp. 1886. 50 Cts.

11. Supplement to Heushaw’s Check List is Coleoptera. By Samuel
Henshaw. 8 pp. 1887. 25 Cts.

12. ‘“Entomologica Americana”, vol. I to II, dheh $2.00

ROSES A OSES

BLANK LABELS.
Three sizes. No. 1,1}x finch, 20onasheet. No.2, $x 4inch, with or
without two guide lines for ae em, 25 onasheet. No.3, 44x 3, in., 48 on asheet.
All kinds supplied either black or red; 1 Cent for 2 ibeke

SS

LOCALITY LABELS.

In sets of 12 sheets. have been preqared and are for sale at 15 Cents per set.
Each sheet contains 42 lines and the sheets contain as follows :

No.1 Cal., So. Cal., Or., W. T., Vane. No..2 Me.; N. H.,. Vt.,-Mass.,-R: I.,
Ot. “No. 3.N.Y., N.J., Penn., Del, Md. No. 4 Va., W+Va.,.D. C., N.C. S.C.
No. 5 Geo., Fla., Ala., Miss., Tenn. No. 6 Ohio, Ind., 8. Ill., Ky., Mo. No.7
Minn., Wisc., Mich., Ia., N. Ill. No, 8 La., Tex., Ark., I. T., N. M. No. 9 @ol.,
Wy., Mon., Dak., Neb. No. 10 Ks., Nev., Ut., Id., Ariz, No. 11 Can., N. F.,
B. A., R.A., Alask., Lab., Hud. B. No. 12 ¢{ 21 lines, Q 21 lines.

‘Any sheet sold separately @ 2 Cts. per sheet. Any State label separately @

1 Cent.per 100 labels. Specials for local collectors haye also been prepared. No,

1, N.Y., 12 lines, N. J., 21 lines’ No. 2, L. I., 21 lines, C. 1, 8 lines, S. I., 13

lines. These are furnished at 2 Cents per sheet. All neatly printed and on
good paper. |

Address for any of the above

GEO. D., HULST,
15 Himrod Street,
BROOKLYN, N.Y.

WILLIAMSBURGH CORK WORKS. |
D. S. YEOMAN,

Manufacturer of

CORKS, CORK SOLES, &c.

Cor. Atinstie and Rortnuey Sts, Brooklyn, N.Y.
ao 7 ’ [V7 5

SHEET CORK FOR LINING INSECT CASES A SPECIALTY. —

PRICES FOR 3'% x 12 INCHES. XX Quality. X Quality.

1 inch thick, per Bundle of 24 Sheets, - - - $1.00 $0.60
Ps “é “ec ““e “ec — $6 86 &s * a 1.50 90
4 ce ee ee “« ce ee ce = r: ut 2.00 1.00

Other Sizes and Thicknesses: at Proportionate Prices. Liberal Discount for Quantities.

Scientific and Medical Books, Minerals and

other objects of Natural History.
A.E. FOOTE, M.D.

(Prof. of Min, and Chem. ; Fellow Am. Ass’n. Ady. Science ; Life Member Am. Mus. Nat.
History, New York, and Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.)

{223 Belmont Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
Over 5000 Entomological books, pamphlets and excerpts in stock.

Largest stock of minerals in the world. Largest stock of Scientific Books in ~

America. Copies of the ‘‘Naturalist’s Leisure Hour”, 32 pp., sent free on ap-
plication. If stamp is enclosed, the subscriber’s edition on heavy paper is sent.
Please state, what department of science you are specially interested in.

BRASS FOLDING NET-RINGS $1.00.
Sweeping- and Water-Nets Made to Order.
Fishing Tackle, Rods, Reels, Hooks, &c.

Coe Bee ES
No. 782 BOWERY, NEW ORE.

B. Neumegen, P. 0. Box 2581, New York City, _

wishes to arrange with. collectors in all parts of the world for the purchase or ex-
change of Lepidoptera. © Western and Southwestern U. S. species especially desired,
and liberal prices will be paid for material from Utah,,Montana and Oregon.

FOR SALE x The collection of Lepidoptera of FRED. TEPPER, num-
, 5

bering about 12,000 specimens, among which aré some
fine series and many types principally in the Noctuide. Apply to

FRED: TEPPER; P. O. Box 8837, New York City.
BRAZILIAN COLEOPTERA FOR SALE!

Well prepared and packed; killed by Cyanide and preserved with white
Naphthaline as the buyer selects; in sets of 200 to 250 species. Sent by mail for
$15.00. Terms I mouth. Exchanges accepted, :

Also a large assortment of Brazilian Lepidoptera ! ;

JULIUS MICHAELIS,

Theresopolis, Province Santa Catharina, Brazil.
I , » DI

COLEOPTERA OF PACIFIC COAST FOR SALE.
Also Insects of other orders. -
L. E. RICKSECKER, P. O. Box 208, Santa Rosa, Cal,

MES
=]
tte

~ i

JUNE, 1888.

PUBLISHED BY THE

BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

EDITOR:

Rev: Geo. D. Hurst,
15 HIMROD STREET,
BROOKLYN, N: Y.

ASST, EDITOR :
Curis. H. Roserts,
11 WEST 123rp STREET,
New York.

A. C. HUENE & BRO., Printers, 103 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Entered at the Post Office at Brooklyn, N. ¥., as Second Class Matter.

Olfigers off the Buo ooklyn Hulomological Society.

President, EDWARD L GRAEF, - = - ~ - 40 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Vice-Pres., OTTOMAR DIETZ, - - - - - - 431 East 80th Street, New York.
Treasurer, CHRISTOPHER H. ROBERTS, - - “ = 11 West 123rd Street, New York.
Rec. Sec., ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS, ___ - =n 2 - 182 Park Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Cor. Sec., G, W. J. ANGELL, - - - - - - - 44 Hudson Street, New York. -
Librarian, RECH’D F. PEARSALL, ~ - - - - - 16 Broad Street, New York.

( MARTIN. L.-LINELL, (Coleoptera) - - 36 Doughty Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Curators, j WM. BEUTENMUELLER, (Lepidoptera) - - 182 East 76th Street, New York.

| A. G. WEEKS, (Other Orders.)
( ED. L. GRAEF,
CHRIS. H. ROBERTS.
| RICHARD F. PEARSALL. x
CHARLES PALM, - - - = 172 East.64th Street, New York.

TRUSTEES: 4
' -GUSTAV BEYER, -_ - - - 511 East 117th Street, New York.
| FRANK H. CHITTENDEN, - 409 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
| ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS. ;
(- GEO. D. HULST. -. - - 15 Himrod Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
| GHRIS. H. ROBERTS.

PUBLICATION | GW. J. ANGELL.

COMMITTEE : 1 wat. BEUTENMUELLER.
| HY. EDWARDS, - —- ©- > - 185 East 116th Street, New York.
[| .B..NEUMOEGEN. = '- 9 - . = ~°>-+.. Box°2581, New York.

~ ®

The meetings of the Brooxityn Eytromonocican Socrety are held on the
Evening of the-first Tuesday of each month in its rooms,

SANGER BUND: BRAEL;

. Smith and Schermerhorn Sts. “BROOKLYN, N. Y.

te AMERICANS.

A combination of the “Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society”
and ‘*Papilio”.

Subscription $2.60 per volume of twelve numbers: single numbers twenty
Cents each.

Advertisements of six lines or less at $3.00 per annum ; eedey advertise-
ments at comparatively lower rates, single insertions 50 Cents.

“Special attention is called to the following :

Books or papers for notice or reyiew, and articles for publication should
be sent to the Editor.

Subscriptions and business communications to the Treasurer. °

Exchanges and donations to library to the Librarian. :

Insects for identification or-as donations to the collection of the Society,
to either of the Curators.

Rev. J. w. HOLLAND, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
has on hand and for sale, or exchange, a limited quantity of magnificent specimens of

the Lepidoptera of Japan of his own collecting, also a quantify of fine specimens. of
the Lepidoptera ot West Africa, Siam, Celebes, and Queensland, He has also con-

‘ sented to receive subscriptions for the magnificent new work upon the Butterflies of

a.

Japan, by H. Pryer, entitled “« Rhopalocera Nihonica,” which is to be issued in 3
parts, 4t0, upon Japanese ‘*‘untearable paper,” profusely and beautifully’ illustrated
with colored plates, at $4.00 a part. Part I now ready for delivery.

Address W. J. HOLLAND, Ph. D., sth Ave., Pitsburg; Pa.

A New Material for Lining Insect Cases.

Pressed Cork in sheets of 19 x 23 inches, and 4 inch. thick, readily pierced by
the finest pins and firmly holding ali sizes; no hard spots or cavities. Price per sheet
50 Cents ; smoothly covered with white glaced paper 60 Cents.

Send for sample. H. HERPERS,

{S Crawford Street,
NEWARK, N. J.

LEPIDOPTERA & COLEOPTERA.

In our new List XXX there are offered more than 7000 correctly named
species of Lepidoptera from all parts of the world ; also 700 species of preserved
larvz and a number of living pupe.

Also large stock of rare Coleoptera (List V) for sale.

Price Lists on application.

Dr. O. STAUDINGER & A. BANG HAAS,

BLASEWITZ near DRESDEN, GERMANY.

The undersigned is desirous of obtaining by exchange or purchase all species
of U. S. Lepidoptera still wanting in his Collection.

Very liberal Exchanges will be given.

Send for List of my desiderata.

EDWARD L. GRALF,
40 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
A.W. PUTMAN-CRAMER, 308 Macon Si., Brooklyn, N. Y..
desires to exchange with Collectors of Lepidoptera throughout North America.
Noctuidze especially desired.
— Will name Noctuidz Free of Charge. —
C. H. ROBERTS, 11 West 123rd Street, N. Y. City, desires to obtain
Coleoptera of North America by exchange or purchase.
BUPRESTID and WATER BEETLES especially desired.

I desire to purchase good American COLEOPTERA, unmounted preferred,
especially BUPRESTIDA.
Also any papers on Coleoptera not in my Collection.
Gs WS ANGELL,
44 Hudson Street, New York.

CEO. FRANK, 293 Ewen Street,

Brooklyn, E. D., N. Y..

desires to exchange Lepidoptera from all parts of the world. List of Duplicates
sent on application.

North American Lepidoptera wanted, especially Geometride and
Microlepidoptera.
CEO. D. HULST,
(5 Himrod St., Brooklyn, E. D.

The undersigned is desirous of obtaining by purchase or exchange North and
South American 7Z7neide.

WM. BEUTENMUELLER,
182 E, 76th Street, New York, N. Y.

The undersigned will pay good prices either in cash or exchange
for perfect specimens of Pamphila and Catocala.

PHILIP: LAURENT,

621 Marshall Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

fo SECT. SOs hs.

Cork lined, papered, 9 x 13 inches, absolutely tight, $1.00, with label holder $1.05.
Of the size and style made for the U. S. Nat'l Museum $1.10. Special sizes to
order at correspondingly low prices. Insect Cabinets of all sizes at reasonable
prices. References for boxes and cabinets: U.S. Nat’] Museum, Brooklyn Ento.
Society, and many others.

JOHN SCHMITT,
290 Third Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

WILLIAMSBURGH CORK WORKS.
IY 2 YE. OM AN:

Manufacturer of

CORKS, CORK SOLES, &c.

Cor. Ainslie and Rodney Sts., Brooklyn, N.Y:

SHEET CORK FOR LINING INSECT CASES A.SPECIALTY.

PRICES FOR 34 x 12 INCHES. XX Quality. X Quality.

aGnck thick, Por Bundle of 24 Sheets, = = S61'00 $0.60
5 a “6 - - 1.50 90
1 ‘ec 6s ‘6 oo. te ee tary? 7 Y 2.00 1.00

Other Sizes and Thicknesses at Proportionate Prices. Liberal Discount for Quantities.

Scientific and Medical Books, Minerals and

other objects of N atural History.
A. E. FOOTE, M. D.

z) (Prof. of Min. and Chem. ; Fellow Am. Ass’n. Ady. Science ; Life Member Am. Mus. Nat. _
; History, New York, and Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.)

1223 Belmont Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
Over 5000 Entomological books, pamphlets and excerpts in stock. ’
Largest stock of minerals in the world. Largest stock of Scientific Books in
America. Copies of the ‘‘Naturalist’s Leisure Hour”, 32 pp., sent free on ap-
plication. If stamp is enclosed, the subscriber’s' edition on heavy paper is sent.
_ Please state, what department of science you are specially interested in.

BRASS FOLDING NGS $1.00.

Sweeping- and Water-Nets Made to Order.
Fishing Tackle, Rods, Reels, Hooks, &e.

OC. ee, Hy CA ETE
No. 788 BOWERY; NEW 1ORE.

B. Neumegen, P. O. Box 2581, New York City,

wishes to arrange with Collectors in all parts*of the world for the purchase or ex-
change of Lepifoptera. Western and Southwestern U. S. species especially desired,
and liber al prices will-be paid for material from Utah, Montins and Oregon.

FOR SALE , whe collection of Ro caoatee of FRED. TEPPER, num-
; as bering about 12,0co specimens, among which are some
fine series and’ many types principally in the Noctuide. Apply to

FRED. THEPPHR, P.O. Bor 2331, New York City.
BRAZILIAN COLEOPTERA FOR SALE!

Well prepared: and packed; killed by Cyanide and preserved with white
Naphthaline as the buyer selects ; in sets of 200 to 250 species. Sent by mail for
$15.00. Terms 1 month. Exchanges accepted.

Also a large assortment ot Brazilian Lepidoptera !

JULIUS MICHAELIS,

Theresopolis, Province Santa Catharina, Brazil.

COLEOPTERA OF PACIFIC COAST FOR SALE.

Also Insects of other orders.
L. E. RICKSECKER, P. O. Box 208, Santa Rosa, Cal,

For Sale by the

“4 BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. De

ad “ bs -
Br Bee aa td Bs tees le

1, Bulletin vol. I to VII, 1878 —1885, each : — $1.00
Vol. I is sold only with a complete set of 7 vols. ‘Sane
2. Exlipanation of terms, used in Entomology. 38 pp. 1883, 50 Cents.
3. Synopsis of the N. A. species of Platynus by J. L. Leconte. :
16 pp. Nov. 1879 50 Cents.
4. Synopsis of the Lucanide of the U.S. By Chas. Fuchs; with =
plate. 10 pp. 50 Cents.
5. Synopsis of the genera of the Noctuids (of N. A.) by J. B. Smith. :
1882 and 1883. 50 Cents.
6. Check-List of the N.A. Mactolepidoptans (Diurnals, Sphingidz,
Bombycidz, Noctuidz and Geometridz). 32 pp. 1882. 25 Cents.
7. Synopsis of the Cicindelide of the U.S. of North America by F. :
G. Schaupp, with five plates (four colored) and weodents, $1.00
8. ‘Papilio’, vols. I to FV, 1880 —1884, each ~s $2.00 - ss
9. Lt. T. L. Casey's papers as follows: Z
Contributions &c., Part I, 60 pp., 1884, - ; 50 Cents. —~
« ‘“« Part II, 138 pp., 1885, @1.00
Revision of the Stenini of America, north of Mexico. 206 pp..
1 plate, 1884, — oA $1.50

10.. Check-List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera, by Ph. R. Uhler. 33 pp. 1886. 50 Xe:
11. Supplement to Henshaw’s Check List of Coleoptera. By Samuel 3

Henshaw. 8 pp. 1887. ; 25 Gis. <3
12. “Entomologica Americana”, vol. I to HI, each : $2.00 -

:
BLANK LABELS. Se
Three sizes. No.1, 1$x }inch, 20 onasheet. No, 2,-%x }ineh, with or ~

without two guide lines for writing, 25 on asheet. No.3, {x 7% in., 48ona sheet.
All kinds supplied either black or red; 1 Cent for 2 sheets.

ee ea
LOCALITY LABELS. =

In sets of 12 sheets have been preqared and are for sale ‘at 15 Cents Ree set.
Each sheet contains 42 lines and the sheets contain as follows: :

No. 1 Cal:, So. Cal.,;Or., W. T.,- Vane. No. 2 NN. ree Vt., Mass., R. =

Ct. No. 3N.Y., N.J., Penn., Del., Md. No. 4 wee Vas D: C, WCB Coe

5 Geo., Fla., Ala., Miss., Tenn. No. 6 Ohio, Ind., S. Ill.,.Ky., Mo,. No. 7 —

Minn., Wisc., Mich., Ia., N. Ill. No.8 La., Tex... Ark., I-T., N. M-. No. 9 Col.,

Wy., Mon., Dak., Neb. No. 10 Ks., Nev., Ut., Id., Ariz; No. 11 Can., Nik
B; A., R. A.,-Alask., Lab.; Hud..B: .No. 12 f 21 nos © 21 lines.

Any sheet sold separately @ 2 Cts: per sheet. Any State label separately @ :

1 Cent per 100 labels. Specials for local collectors haye also been prepared. No. ~

1,.N.Y., 12 lines, N. J., 21 lines. No. 2, L. 1., 21 lines, C.1., 8 lines, 8. 1,13

lines. These are furnished at 2 Cents per sheet.. All neatly printed and on —
good paper. :

Address for any of the above 3

GEO, D. HULST, :

15 Himrod Street, — ae

BROOKLYN, N Y.

JULY, 1988.

OHOLOGIg
AMERICANA

A MonTHLY JouRNAL oF ENTOMOLOGY.

PUBLISHED BY THE

BRooxLYyN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

EDITOR:

Rev. Geo. D. Hutst,

15 HIMROD STREET,

Brookiyn, N.Y.

ASST. EDITOR :

Curis. H. RosBerts,
11 WEST 123Rp STREET,

New York.

A. C. HUENE & BRO., Printers, 103 Broadway, Brooklyn, N.-Y.

eK
Entered at the Post Office at Brooklyn, N. ¥.,.as Second Class Matter.

Offigens off the Brooklyn Futomologiqul Sogiety.

President, EDWARD L, GRAEF, - - - - = 40 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y¥.
Vice-Pres., OTTOMAR DIETZ, - - - - - - 431 East 80th Street, New York.
Treasurer, CHRISTOPHER H. ROBERTS, - - = 4 11 West 123rd Street; “New York.
Rec. Sec., ARCHIBALD C,. WEEKS, - - - - - 182 Park Place, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Cor. Sec., G. W. J. ANGELL, eos ee ak Se » ~ 44 Hudson Street, New York.
Librarian, RICH’D F, PEARSALL, - : - - - - 16 Broad Street, New York.
MARTIN L. LINELL, (Coleoptera) - - 36 Doughty Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Curators, 4 WM. BEUTENMUELLER, (Lepidoptera) - - 182 East 76th Street, New York.
A. CO. WEEKS, (Other Orders.)
f ED. L. GRAEP,
CHRIS. H. ROBERTS.
| RICHARD F. PEARSALL. ©
TRUSTEES: | CHARLES PALM, - - - —- ~172 East 64th Street, New York.
|. GUSTAV BEYER, ~~. -- | - ~ 511 East 117th Street, New York.
FRANK H. CHITTENDEN, - 409 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, NGLY.
| ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS. Si
[ GEO, D..HULST. .- —.-- - --15 Himrod Street, Brooklyn, N. ¥.-
CHRIS. H. ROBERTS. $
PUBLICATION | G. W. J. ANGELL.
“COMMITTEE: ; WM. BEUTENMUELLER.
HY. EDWARDS. . - - r - 185 Rast 116th Street, New York.
{Be NEUMOEGEN.: => -- ==> =. > - Box-2581, New York,
>

The meetings of the Brooxryn Enromonocican Society are held, on the
Evening of the first Tuesday of each month in its rooms, .

SHNGERBUND HALL,

Cor. Smith and Schermerhorn Sts. BROOKLYN, N. Y.

ENTOMOLOGICR AMERICANA.

A combination of the ‘Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
and. ‘‘Papilio”.

Subscription $2.00 per volume of twelve numbers; single numbers twenty
Cents ;each. :

A Aventigémibnts of six lines. or less at $3. 00 per annum ; larger advertise.
ments at comparatively lower rates, single insertions 50 Cents.

79

Special attention is called to the following :

Books or papers for notice or review, and articles for publication ‘should
be sent to the Editor.

Subseriptions and business communications to the Treasurer.

Exchanges and donations to library to the Librarian.

Insects for identification or as donations to the collection of the Society,
to either of the Curators.

Rev. J. W. HOLLAND, Pittsburgh, Pa.,

has on hand and for sale. or exchange, a limited quantity of magnificent specimens of
the Lepidoptera of Japan of his own “collecting, also .a quantity of fine’ specimens-of
the Lepidoptera of West Africa, Siam, Celebes, and Queensland, He has also con-
sented to receive subscriptions for the ‘magnificent new w ork upon the Butterflies of
Japan, by H. Pryer, entitled “ Rhopalocera Nihonica,” which is to be issued in 3
parts, 4te, upon Japanese ‘* untearable paper,” profusely and beautifully illustrated
with colored plafes, at $4.00 a part.” Part I now ready for delivery.

Address W.J. HOLLAND, Ph. D., sth Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa.

A New Material for Lining Insect Cases.

Pressed Cork in sheets of 19 x 23 inches, and 4 inch. thick, readily pierced by
the finest pins and firmly holding ali sizes ; no hard spots or cavities. Price per sheet
50 Cents ; smoothly covered with white glaced paper 60 Cents.

Send for sample. H. HERPERS,

{8 Crawford Street,
NEWARK, N. J.

LEPIDOPTERA & COLEOPTERA.

In our new List XXX there are offered more than 7000 correctly named
species of Lepidoptera from all parts of the world ; also 700 species of preserved
larve and a number of living pupe.

Also large stock of rare Coleoptera (List V) for sale.

Price Lists on application.

Dr. O. STAUDINGER & A. BANG HAAS,

BLASEWITZ near DRESDEN, GERMANY.

© The undersigned is desirous of obtaining by exchange or purchase all species
of U. S. Lepidoptera still wanting in his Collection.
Very liberal Exchanges will be given.
Send for List of my desiderata.

EDWARD L. GRAEF,
40 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

A.W. PUTMAN-CRAMER, 308 Macon St., Brooklyn, N. Y..
desires to exchange with Collectors of Lepidoptera throughout North America.
Noctuidz especially desired.

— Will name Noctuide Free of Charge. —

C. H. ROBERTS, 11 West 123rd Street, N. Y. City, desires to obtain
Coleoptera of North America by exchange or purchase.
BUPRESTIDZ and WATER BEETLES especially desired.

I desire to purchase good American COLEOPTERA, unmounted preferred,
especially BUPRESTID#.
Also any papers on Coleoptera not in my Collection.
G. W.J.ANGHLL,
44 Hudson Street, New York.

CEO. FRANK, 293 Ewen Street,

Brooklyn, E. D., N. Y.,

desires to exchange Lepidoptera from all parts of the world. List of Duplicates
sent on application.

North American Lepidoptera wanted, especially Geometridz and

Microlepidoptera.
CEO. D. HULST,

15 Himrod Street, BROOKLYN, E. D.

GEO. W. PECK of Roselle, New Jersey, has for sale some rare
Sphingidze and Bombycidz. Of the former—Smerinthus Astylus, Juglandis and
Myops. Also D. versicolor, Pseudosphinx Tetrio, &c.

The undersigned will pay good prices either in cash or exchange
for perfect specimens of Pamphila and Catocala.

PHILIP LAURENT,

621 Marshall Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

CLASSIFICATION OF HYMENOPTERA.

The ‘Synopsis of the Families and Genera of the Hymenoptera of America,
North of Mexico,’? compiled by E. T. CRESSON, and published by the American
Entomological Society, containing synoptic tables of families and genera, catalogue
of described species and bibliography, is now ready. Price, $3.00, Price List
of Entomological Publications for sale, mailed on application. Address

E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer
P. O. Box 1577, Philadelphia, Pa.

“Sweeping? and Water-Nets Made to Order.

ye

“WILLIAMSBURGH CORK WORKS.
; D.S. YEOMAN, .

Manufacturer of

CORKS, CORK SOLES, &c.

= Cor. Ainslie and Rodney Sts., Brooklyn, N.Y.

SHEET CORK FOR LINING INSECT CASES B SPECIRETT,

se PRICES FOR 334 x 12 INCHES. | XX Quality. X Qualify.
-- $1.00

may

¥ inch thick, per Bundle of 24 Sheets, : $0.60
% 3 ‘cc a cc a3 6c 6G 6e 4 = 1.50 -90
a 4 sé te ‘é “ 66 66 seas Es z 2,00 1.00

2a - Other Sizes and Thicknesses at Proportionate Prices, Liberal Discount for Quantities.

“Scientific and Medical Books, Minerals and —
3 other objects of Natural History. |
: A. E. FOOTE, M. D. :

(Prof. of Min. and Chem. ; Fellow Am. Ass'n. Adv. Science; Life Member Am. Mus. Nat.
b History, New York, and Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. )

{223 Belmont Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
Over 5000 Entomological books, pamphlets and excerpts in stock.
~ Largest stock of minerals in the world. — Largest stock of Scientific Books in

“America. Copies of the “Naturalist’s Leisure Hour’, 32 pp., sent free on ap-

plication. If stamp is’ enclosed, the subscriber’s edition on heavy paper is sent.

‘Please state, what department of science you are specially interested in.
. 4 °

BRASS FOLDING NET-RINGS $1.00.

Fishing Tackle, ods: Reels, Hooks, &e.
Ca. RECHT,
No. 788 BOWERY, NEW DORK

B. Neumegen, P. O. Box 2581, New York City,

wishes to arrange with collectors in all parts of the world for the purchase or ex-

~ change of Lepidoptera. Western and Southwestern U- S. species especially desired,

and liberal prices will be paid for material from Utah, Montana and Oregon.

S FOR SALE , The collection of Lepidoptera of FRED. TEPPER, num-
. ; ra bering about 12,000 specimens, among which are some

* fine series and. many types principally in. the Noctuidze. Apply to -

FRED. THPPER, P.O. Bor 8331, New York City.

WATKINS & DONCASTER.
326 Strand, London, W. C., England,

,

“have a large stock of British Macro-Lepidopte:a, Exotic Butterflies, British Birds,

Eggs, Apparatus for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. A Catalogue

will be sent post-paid to. any address on application.

COLEOPTERA OF PACIFIC COAST FOR SALE.
} Also Insects of other orders.
Lo E. RICKSECKER, P. O, Box 208, Santa Rosa, Cal.

For Sale by the

“4 BROOKLYN. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, »

1. Bulletin vol, I to VII; 1878—1885, each 7 = ESE
Sy Vol. I is sold only with a compiete set of 7 vols. ; ‘ 2 :

2. Explanation of terms, used in Entomology. _ 38 pp. 1883, 50 Cents.

3. Synopsis of the N. A. species of Platynus by J. L. Leconte. ~~ .
16 pp. Nov. 1879 re Fat os BOCentgre a

4.. Synopsis of the Lucanide of the U.S. By Chas. Fuchs; with aA
plate. 10 pp. Be 50 Cents.»

5. Synopsis of the genera of the Noctuide (of N, A.) by J. B. Smith. ier
1882 and 1883. eS. - 50 Cents.

6. Check-List of the N. A. Macrolepidoptera (Diurnals, Sphingide,

Bombycide, Noctuidie and Geometridx), 32 pp. — 1882. 25 Cents.

7. ~ Synopsis of the Cicindelide of the U.S. of North America by F. Son:
G. Schaupp, with five plates (four colored) and woodcuts. $1.00
8. “Papilio”, vols: Ito.IV, 1880—1884, each $2.00

ae Ba ES Casey’s papers as follows: : .
Contributions &c., Part I, 60 pp-, 1884, ° ' 50 Cents.
ss “* Part II, 138 pp., 1885, $1.00

Revision of the Stenini of America, north of Mexico, 206 pp.

1 plate, 1884, 5 $1.50

10. Cheek-List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera, by Ph. R. Uhler.. 33 pp. 1886. 50 Cts.
11. Supplement to Henshaw’s Check List of Coleoptera. By Samuel

Henshaw. § pp. 1887. ‘ 25 Cts.
12. “Entomologica Americana”, vol. I to UT, each - ‘$2.00
eee

BLANK LABELS.

Three sizes. No. 1, 1} x $ inch, 20 ona sheet. “No. 2,-x Linch, with or
_ without two guide lines for writing. 25 on a sheet. No.3, 42x Sein., 480n a sheet.
All kinds supplied either black or red ; 1 Cent for 2 sheets.
SSS
LOCALITY LABELs. 2a
In sets of 12 sheets have been preqared and are for sale at 15 Cents per set..
Each sheet contains 42 lines and the sheets’ contain as follows : erat
No: 1 Calz, So. Cal., Or., W, T., Vance: “No: 2 Me.;.N.H., Yt., Mass.;'R. I., -
ti No.3 NY; Nik Penn. Del.; Md. . No. 4 Va., W. Va: D.C. NC. §. oe
No. 5 Geo., Fla., Ala,, Miss., Tenn. No. 6 Ohio, Ind., S. Tll., Ky., Mo. No. 7
Minn., Wise., Mich., Ia., N. Tl: No. 8 La., Tex., Ark., I. T., N..M. “No.9 Col.,
Wy., Mon,, Dak., Neb. “No. 10 Ks., Nev., Ut., Id., Ariz, No. 14 Can. N..F.,
B.A, R.A, Alask.; Lab., Hud. B. | No. 19 S21 lines, © 21 lines.
Any sheet sold separately @ 2 Cts. per sheet. Any State label separately @ *
1 Cent per 100 labels. Specials for local collectors have also been prepared. No,
ESN TY 2.0.9 lines, N. J., 21 lines. NO. 2ST: I., 21 lines, C. I, 8 lines, S. TAS
linés. These are furnished at 2 Gents per sheet. All neatly printed and on
good paper. : é
Address for any of the above -
GEO. D. HULST,
15 Himrod Street, AOS:
BROOKLYN, N_ y,

Re i ee , PUBLISHED BY THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY:

Oo ee

EDITOR :
Rev, Geo. D. Hurst,
15 HIMROD STREET,
Prooktyn, N. Y-

ASST. EDITOR:

Curis. H. RoBERTS,
11 WEST 123np STREET,

New York.

ooklyn, N.Y.

©) A CAHUENE & BRO.,-Printers, 103, Broadway, Br

=~ Entered at the Post Office at Brooklyn, N. ¥.5 as Second Class Matter.

Offigers aff the Brooklyn Hntomotonigul Sovicty.

President, EDWARD L,-GRAEF> ~~. . . e ss 40 Court Stréet, Brooklyn, Ne:

Vice-Pres., OTTOMAR DIETZ, = = - - - ~ = 431 East 80th Street, New York.
Treasurer, CHRISTOPHER aH; ROBERTS, - - = = 11 West 123ra Street, New York.
Rec. Sec., ARCHIBALD @, WEEKS, rete SPS at 5182 Dark Plage. Brooklyn, N.Y,
Cor. Sec., G. W. J. ANGELL, RS gies hg 2 eS eS = aaa Street, New York.
Librarian, RIGH’D F. PEARSALL, e - - Sh cates - 16 Broad Street, New York... =
( MARTIN L; LINELL, (Coleoptera) - _- 386 Doughty Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. :
Curators, J WM. BEUTENMUELLER, (Lepidoptera) ees 182 ‘East 76th ‘Street, New York.

(A.C. WEEKS, (Other Orders.) — :
{ ED. L. GRAEF, ee
CHRIS. H. ROBERTS. ; : ;
RICHARD F. PEARSALL; mene 5
CHARLES PALM, - 2 - 172 East 64th Street, New York.

TRUSTEES:

s i GUSTAV BEYER, = - - 511 East 117th Street, New York.

| FRANK H. CHITTENDEN, - ~~ 409 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, N.Y,

| ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS. ‘ :

{ GEO-D-HULST. ~ - - 15 Himrod Street, Brooklyn, N. Y,

| “CHRIS, H. ROBERTS, : f
PUBLICATION | G.W, J. ANGELL. ig? %
COMMITTER 3) WM. BEUTENMUELLER, 3 ry a .

‘HY. EDWARDS, - - - --185 East 116th Street, New York.

By NEUMOEGEN, = 3 ago Box 2581, New York. -

Te

The meetings of the Brooxuyn EnromoLocicar Socinry aré held on the
Evening of the- first Tuesday of each month in its rooms,

, S@NGERBUND HALL,
Cor. Smith and Schermerhorn Sts. : = :

BBOOKLYN,_N, y,

ENTOMOLOGICR AMERICANA.

A combination of the “Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society”
and ‘Papilio’,

Subscription $2.00: per volume of twelve numbers; single numbers twenty =
Cents each. ;

Advertisements of six lines or legs a3 09 per annum ; larger advertise-
ments at comparatively lower rates, single insertions 50: Cents.

Ren Ce aa

Special attention is called to the following : S ;

Books or papers for notice or review, and articles-for publication should
be sent fo the Editor, i = Sar

Subscriptions and business communications to the Treasurer,

Exchanges and donations to library to the Librarian. Spey

Insects. for identification oy as donations to the collection of the Society,
to either of the Curators.

Rev. J. W. HOLLAND, Pittsburgh, Pa., :
has on hand and for sale, or exchange, a limited quantity of magnificent specimens cf
the Lepidoptera of Japan of his own collecting, also a quantity of fine specimens. of
the Lepidoptera of West Africa, Siam, Celebés, and Queensland, He has also. con-
Sented.to receive subscriptions far the magnificent new work upon the Butterflies of
Japan, by H. Pryer, entitled « Rhopalocera Nihonica,” which is to be issued in 3
Parts, 4to, upon Japanese ¢ untearable paper,” proiusely and beautifully illustrated
with colored plates, at $4. 60°a part. Part Inow ready. for delivery,

2 Midress W. J. HOLLAND, Ph.D. sth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pa, -

is:

A New Material for Lining Insect Cases.

Pressed Cork in sheets of 19 x 23 inches, and % inch. thick, readily pierced by
the finest pins and firmly holding ali sizes; no hard spots or cavities. Price per sheet
50 Cents ; smoothly covered with white glaced paper 60 Cents.

Send for sample. H. HERPERS,

{8 Crawford Street,
NEWARK, N. J.

LEPIDOPTERA & COLEOPTERA.

In our new List XXX there are offered more than 7000 correctly named
species of Lepidoptera from all parts of the world ; also 7co species of preserved
larve and a number of living pupe.

Also large stock of rare Coleoptera (List V) for sale.

Price Lists on application.

Dr. O. STAUDINGER & A. BANG HAAS,

BLASEWITZ near DRESDEN, GERMANY.

The undersigned is desirous of obtaining by exchange or purchase all species
of U. S. Lep‘doptera still wanting in his Collection.
Very liberal Exchanges will be given.

Send for List of my desiderata.
LDWARD L. GRAEF,
40 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

A.W. PUTMAN-CRAMER, 308 Macon St., Brooklyn, N. Y..
desires to exchange with Collectors of Lepidoptera throughout North America.
Noctuidz especially desired.

— Will name Noctuide Free of Charge. —

C. H. ROBERTS, 11 West 123rd Street, N. Y. City, desires to obtain
Coleoptera of North America by exchange or purchase.
BUPRESTID4 and WATER BEETLES especially desired.
I desire to purchase good American COLEOPTERA, unmounted preferred,
especially BUPRESTIDA.
Also any papers on Coleoptera not in my Collection.

Coa Waste AMG Lai
44 Hudson Street, New York.

CEO. FRANK, 293 Ewen Street,
Brooklyn, E. D., N. Y.,

desires to exchange Lepidoptera from all parts of the world. List of Duplicates
sent on application.

North American Lepidoptera wanted, especially Geometride and
Microlepidoptera.
CEO. D. HULST,
(5 Himrod St., Brooklyn, E. D.

The undersigned is desirous of obtaining by purchase or exchange North and
South American Z7nerde,

WM. BEUTENMUELLER,
182 E, 76th Street, New York, N. Y.

BRASS FOLDING NET-RINGS $1.00.
Sweeping- and Water-Nets Made to Order.

Fishing Tackle, Rods, Reels, Hooks, &c.

yee £5 C FT,

A0. 182? BOWERY, NVEAW YORK.

The undersigned will pay good prices either in cash or exchange
for perfect specimens of Pamphila and Catocala.

PHILIP LAURENT,

621 Marshall Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

INSECT BOXES,

Cork lined, papered, 9 x 13 inches, absolutely tight, $1.00, with label holder $1.05.
Of the size and style made for the U. S. Nat'l Museum $1.10. Special sizes to
order at correspondingly low prices. Insect Cabinets of all sizes at reasonable
prices. References for boxes and cabinets: U.S. Nat’l Museum, Brooklyn Ento.

Society, and many others.
JOHN SCHMITT,
290 Third Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

eye

.
eas
a K
p 7

hie

al eM f

“i WILLIAMSBURGH CORK WORKS.
D.S: YEOMAN,

Manufacturer of

- CORKS, CORK SOLES, &c.

Cor. Ainslic and Rodney Sts., Brooklyn, N. 284

SHEET CORK FOR LINING INSECT CASES & SPECIALTY.

PRICES FOR 314 x 12. INCHES. XX Quality. X Quality.

1 inch thick, “per Bundle of 24 Sheets, z J BT 00 $0.60
is ae ce se ee ce 66 6e “4 a 1.50 90
4 “ec “ec ce “ ce 66 ce py = Z 2.00 1.00

Other Sizes and Thicknesses at Proportionate Prices. Liberal Discount for Quantities:

Scientific and Medical Books, Minerals and

other objects of Natural. History.
A. E. FOOTE, M. D.

-(Prof. of Min. and Chem. ; Fellow Am. Ass’n: Ady. Science; Life Member Am. Mus. Nat.
; History, New York, and Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.)

{223-Belmont Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
Over 5000 Entomological books, pamphlets and excerpts in stock.

Largest stock of minerals in the world. . Largest stock of Scientific Books in
America. Copies of the <Naturalist’s Leisure Hour’, 32 pp., sent free on ap-
plication. If stamp is enclosed, the subscriber’s edition on heavy paper is sent.
Please state, what department of science you are spécially interested in.

BRASS FOLDING NET-RINGS $1.00.

Sweeping- and Water-Nets Made to Order,
noe Fishing Tackle, Rods, Reels, Hooks, «ec.

No. 782 BOWERY, MEW VORE.
B. Neumcegen, P. O. Box 2581, New York City,

wishes to arrange with collectors in all parts of the world for the purchase or ex-
change of Lepidoptera. Western and Southwestern U. S. species especially desired,
and liberal prices will be paid for material from Utah, Montana and Oregon.

FOR SALE , The collection of Lepidoptera of FRED. TEPPER, num-
f : . ‘bering about 12,000 specimens, among which are some
fine series and many: types principally ‘in “the Noctuidz. Apply to

FRED. TEPPER, P.O. Bor 33937, New York, City.

WATKINS & DONCASTER,
36 Strand, London, Ww. C., England,
have a large stock of British Macro-Lepidoptera, Exotic Butterflies, British Birds,
- Eggs, Apparatus. for Entomologists, Anithologists, Botanists, &c. . A Catalogue
will be sent post-paid to any address on application.

COLEOPTERA OF PACIFIC COAST FOR SALE.
Also Insects of other’ orders.
L. E. RICKSECKER, P. O. Box 208, Santa Rosa, Cal.

For Sale by the

“4 BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. be ©

1, Bulletin vol. I to VI, 18781885, each SO, SROD: a
Vol. I is sola only. with a complete set of 7 vols. , oa
2. Explanation of terms, used in Entomology. 38 pp. 1883, 50-Cents.
3. Synopsis of the N. A. species of Platynus by J. L. Leconte. Berea:
- 16 pp. Nov. 1879 50 Cents.
4. Synopsis of the Lucanidx of the U. S. By Chas. Fuchs; with - aoe
plate. 10 pp. : — 50 Cents.

or

Synopsis of the genera of the Noctuidm (of N. A.) by J. B. Smith.

1882 and 1883. 50 Cents.
6. . Check-List of the N. A Macrolepidoptera (Diurnals, Sphingide,
Bombycide, Noctuidwe and Geometridm). 32 pp. 1882. 25 Cents.
7. Synopsis of the Cicindelide of the U.S, of North America by F.
G. Schaupp, with five plates (four colored) and woodeuts. $1.00.
8. “Papilio”, vols. I to IV, 1880—1884, each : $2.00
9. Lt. T, L. Casey’s papers as follows:
Contributions &c., Part I, 60 pp., 1884, “50 Cents.
&s ‘* Part II, 138 pp., 1885, . $1.00
Revision of the Stenini of America, north of Mexico. 206 pp. :
1 plate, 1884, $1.50 —

10. - Cheek-List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera, by Ph. R. Uhler. 33 pp. 1886. 50 Cts.

11." Supplement to Henshaw’s Check List of Coleoptera. By Samuel :
Henshaw. 8 pp. 1887. ; 25 Cts.

12. «Entomologica Americana”, vol. I to Ill, each : 42.00

Ss rh ______
BLANK LABELS.

Three sizes. No. 1, 13x Linch, 20 ona sheet. No. 2, $x inch, with or
without two guide lines for writing. 25 on asheet. No-3, i¢ X 2; in.,-48 on a sheet.
All kinds supplied either black or red ; 1 Cent for 2 sheets.

ee ES ;
LOCALITY LABELS.

In sets of 12 sheets have been preqared and are for sale at 15 Cents per set.
Each sheet contains 42 lines and the sheets contain as follows : Rue

No. 1 Cal., So. Cal., Or., W. T.,' Vane. Nos 2 Me., N. H:, Vt., Mass., R. T.,
Ct. No. 8 N-Y., N. J., Penn., Del., Md. No. 4 Va., W. Va ¥ D.G. IN. OS See
No. 5 Geo., Fla., Ala., Miss., Tenn. No26 Ohio, Ind., §. Il, Ky., Mo, No. 7.
Minn., Wisc., Mich., Ia., N. Il. No. 8 La., ‘Tex.. Ark., I. T., N. M. No. 9 Col., —
Wy., Mon., Dak., Neb. No. 10 Ks., Ney., Ut., Id., Ariz.° No. 11 Can., N. F.,
BASRA, Alask., Lab., Hud. B. No. 12 J 21 lines, © 21 lines. ;

Any sheet sold Separately @ 2 Cts. per sheet. Any State label separately @
1 Cent per 100 labels. Specials for local collectors have also been prepared. No, — .
1, N.Y., 12 lines, N, J., 21 lines. No. et Bae Se 21 lines, C. I, 8 lines,S. I., 13°:
lines. These are furnished at 2 Cents per sheet. All nently printed and on
good paper. Se
big Address for any of the above
Say GEO, D. HULST,
15 Himrod Street, | :
. BROOKLYN, NY.

we \ ‘ &

‘VOL.IV—No G6. -—»« SEPTEMBER, 1688.

AMERICANA

A MontTHLY JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY.

PUBLISHED BY THE

Piso ets we ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

EDITOR :

Rev..Greo. D. Hutst;

15 HIMROD STREET,
BRooktyn, N. Y.

ASST. EDITOR :
Curis. H. Roserts,
11 WEST 123rp STREET,
New York:

A. C. HUENE & BRO., Printers, 103 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Entered at the Post Office at Brooklyn, N. ¥., as Second Class Matter.

Offigens of the Brookiyn Folontagiee Snciely,

President, EDWARD L, GRAEF, See - =

~~ Vice-Pres., OTTOMAR DIETZ, RE age Re

Treasurer, CHRISTOPHER H. ROBERTS, -_ - -
Rec. Sec:, ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS, ets ‘chap -
Cor. Sec., G.-W. J. ANGELL, See a r: =)
Librarian, RICH’D F. PEARSALL, “ - . -
MARTIN L. LINELL, (Coleoptera) - -
WM. BEUTENMUELLER, (Lepidoptera) -
| A. GC. WEEKS, (Other Orders.)
aie ED, L. GRAEF,
CHRIS. H. ROBERTS. -_
RICHARD F. PEARSALL.
CHARLES PALM, -- ey

Curators,

TRUSTEES:

GUSTAV. BEYER. =" 22

FRANK H. CHITTENDEN, -
~ ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS.

CHRIS. H. ROBERTS.

G. W. J. ANGELL. :

WM. BEUTENMUELLER;
HY. EDWARDS, — - = -

PUBLICATION
COMMITTEE: —

|
oe a ae
|
4
|
|
L

40 Court Btockt. Brooklya, 2 NoYes
- 431 East 80th Street, New York.
11 West 123rd Street; New York.
- 182 Park Place; Brooklyn, “N. Y. |
_- 44 Hudson’ Street, New York. - -
16 Broad. Street, New York. —
36 Doughty Street, Brooklyn, N. Yo
_ 182 East 76th Street, New York.

- 172 East 64th Street, New York.

511 East.117th Street, New York. —-
409 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

5 Himrod Street, Brooklyn, N.Y.

~- 185 East 116th Street, New York.
B. NEUMOEGEN. ee os

Box 2581, New York,

The meetings of the Brooxtyn ENToMoLoGIcAL Sage se are held on the
Evening of the first Tuesday of each month in its rooms,

S#NGERBUND HALL, ~

Cor. Smith and Schermerhorn Sts.

Entomotocica AMERICANA.

BROOKLYN; ‘N.Y; —

A combination of the ‘Bulletin of the Brooklyn ntamoltnieel Society”.

and ‘‘Papilio”.

Saveeripion $2.00 per volume of twelve pure Dore single numbers twenty

Cents each.

_ Advertisements of six lines or less at $3-00 per annum ; ander advertise-
ments at. comparatively lower’ rates, single insertions 50 Cents.

Special attention is-called- to the following :

Books or papers for. notice or review, and articles for pnblication. should —

be sent to the Editor.

Subscriptions and. business communications to the Treasurer.

Exchanges

‘and donations to library to the-Librarian.

Insects for identification or as donations to the collection of the o Society. :

to either of-the Curators.

Rev. J. W. HOLLAND, Pittsburgh, Pa.,

has on hand and for sale, or exchange, a limited quantity of magnificent. specimens of -
the Lepidoptera of Japan of his own collecting; also a quantity of fine specimens. of

the Lepidoptera of West Africa, Siam,-Celebes, and Queensland,

He has also con-

sented to receive subscriptions for the ‘magnificent new work upon the Butterflies of
Japan, by H: Pryer, entitled ““Rhopalocera Nihonica,” which is to be issued in 3—
parts, 4t°, upon Japanese ‘‘untearable paper,” profusely and beautifully illustrated

with colored plates, at $4.00 a part.

Part Imnow ready for delivery.
Address W. J. HOLLAND, Ph. D., “sth Ave.,

oe: SPAS >*

A New Material for Lining Insect Cases.

Pressed Cork in sheets of 19 x 23 inches, and 4 inch. thick, readily pierced by
the finest pins and firmly holding ali sizes; no hard spots or cavities. Price per sheet
50 Cents; smoothly covered with white glaced paper 60 Cents.

Send for sample. H. HERPERS,

{8 Crawford Street,
NEWARK, N. J.

LEPIDOPTERA & COLEOPTERA.

In our new List XXX there are offered more than 7000 correctly named
species of Lepidoptera from all parts of the world ; also 700 species of preserved
larve and a number of living pupe.

Also large stock of rare Coleoptera (List V) for sale.

Price Lists on application.

Dr. O. STAUDINGER & A. BANG HAAS,

BLASEWITZ near DRESDEN, GERMANY.

\

The undersigned is desirous of obtaining by exchange or purchase all species
of U. S. Lepidoptera still wanting in his Collection.
Very liberal Exchanges will be given.
Send for List of my desiderata.
ELDWARD L. GRAEF,
40 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

A.W. PUTMAN-CRAMER, 308 Macon St., Brooklyn, N. Y..

desires to exchange with Collectors of Lepidoptera throughout North America.
Noctuidze especially desired.

— Will name Noctuidz Free of Charge. —

C. H. ROBERTS, it West 123rd Street, N. Y. City, desires to obtain
Coleoptera of North America by exchange or purchase.
BUPRESTID and WATER BEETLES especially desired.

I desire to purchase good American COLEOPTERA, unmounted preferred,
especially BUPRESTIDA.
Also any papers on Coleoptera not in my Collection.

G. Wi J. ANGELL,
44 Hudson Street, New York.

CEO. FRANK, 293 Ewen Street,

Brooklyn, E. D., N. Y.,

desires to exchange Lepidoptera from all parts of the world. List of Duplicates
sent on application.

North American Lepidoptera wanted, especially Geometridae and

Microlepidoptera.
CEO. D. HULST,
(5 Himrod St., Brooklyn, E. D.

GEO. W. PECK of Roselle, New Jersey, has for sale some rare

Sphingideé and Bombycidze. Of the former—Smerinthus Astylus, Juglandis and
Myops. Also D. versicolor, Pseudosphinx Tetrio, &c.

The undersigned will pay good prices either in cash or exchange
for perfect specimens of Pamphila and Catocala.

PHILIP LAURENT,

621 Marshall Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
CLASSIFICATION OF HYMENOPTERA.

= SERS ES

The ‘‘Synopsis of the Families and Genera of the Hymenoptera of America,

North of Mexico,’’ compiled by E. T. Cresson, and published by the American

Entomological Society, containing synoptic tables of families and genera, catalogue

of described species and bibliography, is now ready. Price, $3.00. Price List
of Entomological Publications for sale. mailed on application. Address

E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer.
P. O. Box 1577, Philadelphia, Pa.

.

WILLIAMSBURGH CORK WORKS.
D.S. YEOMAN,

Manufacturer of

: =i CORKS, CORK SOLES, ‘ee ie<

Cor. Ainslie and Rodney Sits., Brooklyn, N.Y:

SHERT CORK FOR LINING INSECT CASES & SPECIALTY.

y

PRICES FOR 312 x 12 INCHES. XX Quality. X Quality.

4 inch thick, per Bundle of 24. Sheets, - $1.00 $0.60
athe | ee sin 1.50 90
Be eee eel norsk Mt Sete ee acy ee OO 1.00

Other Sizes and-Thicknesses at Proportionate Prices: Liberal Discount for Quantities.

eae and Medical Books, Minerals and

other objects of Natural History.
A. E. FOOTE, M. D.

fo of Min. and Chem. ; Fellow Am. Ass’n. Ady. Science ; Life Member Am. Mus. Nat.
_ History, New York, and Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.)

1223. Belmont Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
~ Over 5000 Entomological books, pamphlets and excerpts in stock.

Largest stock of minerals in the world. Largest stock of Scientific Books in
America. Copies of the ‘‘Naturalist’s Leisure Hour”, 32 pp., sent free on ap-
plication. If stamp is enclosed, the subscriber’s edition on heavy paper is sent.
Please state, what department of science you are specially interested in.

I have in duplicates (Henshaw List) Nos. 70, 77, 178, 237, 244, 248, 285,
710, - 835, 1029, 1039; 1481, 1483, 1494, 1499, 1502, 1860, 2300, 2708, 2745,

3468. 4718, 5565, 5995, 6319, 6435, 6436, 6469, 8607 and many others, that I like

_ toexchange. Correct names promptly returned for any duplicate set of U. 5.
: Coleoptera sent to me for that purpose.

MARTIN L. LINELL, 312 Pacific St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

B. Neumcegen, P. O. Box 2581, New York City,

wishes to arrange with collectors in all parts of the world for the purchase or ex-

change of Lepidoptera. Western and Southwestern U. S. species especially desired,

and liberal prices will be paid for material from Utah, Montana and Oregon.

: FOR SALE ~ The collection of Lepidoptera of FRED, TEPPER, num-
; z 1 bering about 12,coo specimens, among which are some

fine series and many types principally in the Noctuide. Apply to

BRED. TEPPER, P.O. Bor 2337, New York City.

WATKINS & DONCASTER,
36 Strand, Loudoun, W. C., Hugland,

~ have a large stock of British Macro-lepidoptera, Exotic Butterflies, British Birds,

TA a ee oN
ak

-Egys, Apparatus for Entomo'ogists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c.. A -Catalogue

will be sent post-paid to any address on application.

COLEOPTERA OF PACIFIC COAST FOR SALE.

Also Insects of other orders.
L. E. RICKSECKER, P. OC. Box 208, Santa Rosa, Cal,

For Sale by the

«4 BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Be

1, Bulletin vol. I to VI, 1878—1885, each Me 1.00 5
Vol. I is sold only with a complete set of 7 yols. ;
2. Explanation of terms, used in Entomology. 38 pp. 1883. ~ 50 Cents.
3. Synopsis of the N. A. species of Platynus by J. L. Leconte.
16 pp. Noy. 1879 50 Cents.
4. Synopsis of the Lucanidze of the-U.S. By Chas. Fuchs; with a
plate. 10 pp, 50 Cents.
5. Synopsis of the genera of the Noctuide (of N. A.) by J.B. Smith. ga
1882 and 1883. 50 Cents.
6. Check-List of the N. A. Macrolepidoptera antowan ‘Sphingide, :
Bombycidee, Noctuide and Geometrida). 32 pp. 1882. 25 Cents.
7. Synopsis of the Cicindelide of the U.S. of North America by F
G. Schaupp, with five plates (four colored) and woodcuts. $1.00
8. “Papilio”, vols. Ito IV, 1880—1884, each $2.00
9. Lt. T. L. Casey’s papers as follows: Siar : Seane
Contributions &c.,-Part I, 60 pp., 1884, 50 Cents.
“ « Part IT, 138 pp., 1885, SRE OOS 5
Revision of the Stenini of America, north of Mexico.. hs PP- :
1 plate, 1884, ~ $1.50 _

10. Check-List of Hemiptera- Heteropiees by Ph. R. Ubler. 33 pp. 1886. 50 Cts.

11. Supplement to Henshaw’s Check List of Caleopters. By Samuel =
: Henshaw. 8 pp. 1887. : a ER
12. “Entomologica Americana”, vol. I to II, ‘each: 3%. GIO

Misi SECS eAradncrns c

BLANK LABELS. ipo:

Three sizes. No. 1,1} x 4 inch, 20 on a sheet. No. 2, 2x finch, with or

without two guide lines for adhe 25 on a sheet: No. 3, 11 X fg in., 48 on a sheet,
_ All kinds supplied either black or red ; 1 Cent for 2 ane

SS ee ee

LOCALITY LABELS.

In sets of 12 sheets have been preqared and are for sale at 15 Cents per set.
Each sheet contains 42 lines and the sheets contain as follows : agg:

No. 1 Cal.; So. Gal., Or., W. T., Vane. No.2 Me., NoH., ¥t.; Mass, BR. -
Ct. No. 3 N-Y., N.J., Penn:, Del.,-Md. - No. 4. Va:,, W. Va, D. io Ne C., ae 6S
No. 5 Geo., Fla., Ala., Miss., Tenn. No. 6 Ohio, ipa. S..OL.,..Ky.,: Mo. No:-7°:
Minn., Wisc., Mich., Ia., N. ll. No.8 La., Tex.. Ark,, I. T:, N..M. No. 9 Col.,
Wy., Mon., Dak., Neb. No. 10 Ks., Nev., Ut., Id., Ariz: No. 11 Can., Nei
B..A., R. A, Alask., Lab., Hud. B. No. 12 (21 Pees Q 21 lines. , ag

Any sheet sold separately @ 2 Cts. per sheet. Any State label separately @- a4

1 Cent per 100 labels. Specials for local collectors have also been prepared. No. _
I, N.Y., 12 lines, ‘N: J., 21 lines... No. 2; GL. 1, 21 lines, C.1., 8 lines, S. L, 13° Pes
lines. These are furnished at 2 Cents ped sheet. All neatly printed” and on ~
good paper. ibe cS of ae
Address for any of the above

is
2
i%
@

GEO. D. HU LS T,
15 Himrod Street,
, PROGR N y

°

‘VOL. IV—No. 7. OCTOBER, 1888.

: PUBLISHED BY THE
BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

EDITOR:
Rev. Geo. D. Hutst,
15 HIMROD STREET,
Brooktyn, N. Y.

ASST. EDITOR :
Curis. H. Roperts,
11 WEST 123RD STREET,
New York.

nde A. C. HUENE & BRO., Printers, 103 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Entered at the Post Office at Brooklyn, N. F., as Second Class Matter,

Offigens of the Buookiyn ntomatonigat Soniety.

President, EDWARD L GRAEF, 7s l= + 40 Court’ Street, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Vice-Pres., OTTOMAR DIETZ, - - - wea - 112 East 90th Street, New York. ~
Treasurer, CHRISTOPHER H. ROBERTS, - wR é 11 West 123rd Street, New York. -
Rec. Sec., ARCHIBALD G, WEEKS, ~ 7 7 =. > 182 Park Place, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Toy. Sec., G: W. J. ANGELL, = 2 : a = - - 44 Hudson Street, New York,
Librarian, RIGH’D F, PEARSALL, =“ - - -'+- 16 Broad Street, New York.

( MARTIN L. LINELL, (Coleoptera) -. + 36 Doughty Street, Brooklyn, N. ¥.-
Curators, ) WM. BEUTENMUELLER, (Lepidoptera) - ~ - 182 East 76th Street, New York.

A. ©. WEEKS, (Other Orders.) 5

f ED, L.. GRAEP,
CHRIS. H. ROBERTS. ,
RICHARD F. PEARSALL. Z

TRUSTEES; { OHARLES PAEM, 72-2 ~~) = 172 East 64th Street, New York.

| - GUSTAV BEYER, < - - -511 East 117th Street, New York: .
‘ | FRANK H CHITTENDEN, ~ - 409 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

| ‘ARCHIBALD C WEEKS. :
f GEO. D. HULST. - - = 15 Himrod Street, Brooklyn, N:; Y,
| CHRIS: H.. ROBERTS, : :

PUBLICATION | G. W.. 5. ANGELL.

COMMITTEE: 1 WM. BEUTENMUELLER,
| HY, -EDWARDS,-- S505 3a 185 East 116th Street, New York.
| BiNeoMonemn.< 8202 4 FS Box 2581, New York-

> > eo

The meetings of the Brooxiyn _Eytomonocican Socrmty are held on the
Evening of the first Tuesday of each month in its. rooms,

BROOKLYN INSTITUTE,

196 to 200 WASHINGTON STEET,
[Near entrance to Brooklyn Bridge. } BROOKLYN, N, Y.

ENTomoLocICA Americana

A combination of the “Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society”.
and ‘*Papilio”,

Subscription $2.00 per volume of twelve numbers; single nuwbers twenty
Cents each. ; Gee

Advertisements of six lines or less at $3.00 per annuni ; larger advertise-
ments at comparatively lower rates, single insertions 50 Gents.-

Special attention is called. to the following:

Books or papers for notice or review, and articles for publication should ~~ =

be sent to the Editor. ; -
Subscriptions and business communications to the Treasurer. ao Sa
Exchanges and donations to library to the Librarian. a fc Deen eae
Insects for identification or as donations to the collection of. the Society, ~~ 2

to either of the Curators. ; %
Rev. J. W. HOLLAND, Pittsburgh, Pa., eee.

has on hand and for sale. or exchange, a limited quantity of magnificent specimens of
the-Lepidoptera of Japan of his own collecting; algo-a quantity of fine specimens of
the Lepidoptera ot West Africa, Siam, Celebes, and Queensland, He has also con-
sented to receive subscriptions for the magnificent new- work upon the Butterflies of
Japan, by H. Pryer, entitled « Rhopalocera Nihonica,” which is to be issued in
Parts, 4'°, Upon Japanese * untearable paper,” profusely and beautifully illustrated
with colored plates, at #4 00a pat. Part Lnow ready for delivery, ~~. =

Addiess W. J. HOLLAND, Ph, 1D. sth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

eX

.

3 WILLIAMSBURGH CORK WORKS.
; | D.S. YEOMAN,

~ Manufacturer of :

- +*CORKS, CORK SOLES, &c¢.**

Cor. Ainslie and Rodney Sts-5 Brooklyn, N.Y.

_ - SHEET CORK FOR LINING INSECT CASES A SPECIALTY.

~ : PRICES FOR 314 x 12 INCHES, XX Quality. X Quality.
1 inch thick, per Bundle of 24 Sheets, ~~- - $1.00 $0.60-
is “ 6é “e 6c se 66 7 3 ¥ 1.50 90
4 te ce ee és “eK ob. ye i S 2.00 1.00

Other Sizes and Thicknesses at Proportionate Prices. Liberal Discount for Quantities.

Scientific and Medical Books, Minerals and

other objects of Natural History.
A. E. FOOTE, M. D.

(Prof. of Min. and Chem. ; Fellow Am. Ass’n. Adv. Science ; Life Member Am. Mus. Nat.
History, New York, and Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.)

{223 Belmont Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
Over 5000 Entomological books, pamphlets and excerpts in stock.
Largest stock of minerals in the world. Largest stock of Scientific Books in
America. Copies of the ‘Naturalist’s Leisure Hour”, 32 pp-, sent free on ap-
“plication. If stamp is enclosed, the subscriber’s edition on heavy paper is sent.
Please state, what department of science you are specially interested in.

T have in. duplicates, (Henshaw List) Nos. 70, 77; 178, 237; 244, 248, 285,

710, 835, 1029, 1039, 1485, 1483, 1494, 1499, 1502, 1860, 2300, 2708, 2745,

3468, 4718, 5565, 5995, 6319, 6435, 6436, 6469, 8607 and many others, that I like

: to exchange. Correct names promptly returned for any duplicate set of U. 3.
* - Coleoptera sent to me for that purpose.

MARTIN L. LINELL, 312 Pacitic St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

‘

: -B. Neumeegen, P. 0. Box 258!, New York City,

i wishes to arrange with collectors in all parts of the world for the purchase or ex-

i change of Lepidoptera. Western and Southwestern U. S. species especially desired,

7 and liberal prices will be paid for material from. Utah, Montana and Oregon.
FOR SALE: The collection of Lepidoptera of FRED. TEPPER, . num-

’ . bering about 12,000 specimens, among which are some

ra fine'series and many types principally in the Noctuidae. Apply to

=A FRED. TEPPER, P.O. Box 8331, New York City.

g . WATKINS & DONCASTER.

(86 Strand, London, W. C., England, —
have 4 large stock of British Macro-Lepidoptera, Exotic Butterflies, British Birds,
Egys, Apparatus. for Entomo’ovists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. A Catalogue
will be sent post-paid to any address on appheation. Z

; ee

i COLEOPTERA OF PACIFIC COAST FOR SALE.
Also Insects of other orders.
es: : 5 L. E. RICKSECKER, P. O. Box 208, Santa Rosa, Cal.

For Sale Dy the

od BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, be

1,. Bulletin vol. I to VII, 1878—1885, each - $1. 00-
Vol. I is sold only with a complete set of 7 vols.
2. Explanation of terms, used in Entomology. 38 pp. 1883. 50 Cents.
3. Synopsis of the N. A. species of Platynus by J. L. Leconte.
16 pp. Noy. 1879 ; «50 Cents.”
4.. Synopsis of the Lucanidz. of the U.S. By Chas. Fuchs; with
plate. 10 pp. _ 50-Cents. —
5. Synopsis of the genera of the Noctuide (of N, A.) by J. B. Smitb.
1882 and 1883. 50 Cents.
6. Check-List of the N. A Macrolepidoptera (Diurnals, Sphingide,
Bombycidx, Noctuide and Geometride). 32 pp. 1882. 25 Cents.
7. Synopsis of the Cicindelide of the U.S. of North America by F.
-G-Schaupp, with five plates (four colored) and woodcuts. 2 £ $100
8. “Papilio”, vols. I to IV, 1880—1884, each $2.00
9. Lt. T. L. Casey’s papers as follows:
Contributions &c., Part I, 60 pp., 1884, 50 Cents. —
ss ‘¢ Part IT; 138 pp., 1885, ~ $1.00
Revision of the Stenini of America, north of Mexico, 206 pp.
1 plate, 1884, ‘ $1.50

10. _ Check-List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera, by Ph. R. Uhler. 33 pp. 1886. 50 Cts.
11. Supplement to Henshaw’s Check List of Coleoptera. By Samuel

Henshaw. 8 pp. 1887. 25 Cts.
12. <“Entomologica Americana’, vol. I to HII, each $2.00
+» _

BLANK LABELS. a
Three sizes. No. 1, 1} x } inch, 20 onasheet. No.2, 2x 4Zinch, with or
without two guide lines for writing. 25 on asheet. No.3, 14x », in., 48 on a sheet.
All kinds supplied either black or red ; 1 Cent for 2 sheets.

> +

LOCALITY LABELS.

In sets of 12 sheets have been preqared and are for sale at 15 Cents per set. .
Each sheet contains 42 lines and the sheets contain as follows :

No. 1 Cal., So. Cal., Or.,.W. T.; Vane. No.2 Me., N: H.,-Vt.,.Mass:, R. I.,
Ct. No. 3 N.Y,, N.J., Penn., Del., Md.. No.4 Va., W..Va.,.D- @., NoC. S.C.
No. 5 Geo., Fla., Ala., Miss., Tenn. No. 6 Ohio, Ind., S. Ill., Ky., Mo. No. 7
Minn., Wise., Mich.,; Ia:, N. Ill. No.8 La., Tex.. Ark., I. T,, N. M. - No. 9.Col.,
Wy., Mon., Dak., Neb. No. 10 Ks., Nev:, Ut., Id., Ariz, No. 11 Can.,.N. F.,
B. A., R. A., Alask., Lab., Hud. B. “No. 12 ¢ 21 lines, © 21 lines.

Any sheet sold separately @ 2 Cts. per sheet. Any State label separately @
1 Cent per 100 labels. Specials for local collectors have als@-been prepared. No.
1, N.Y.,12 lines, N.. J.; 21 lines. No.2, -L. 1: 21 lines, C. I., Stines, S. L., 13
lines. . These are furnished at 2-Cents per sheet. All neatly printed and on
good paper.
Address for any of the above
GEO. D. HULST,
15 Himrod Street,
> : BROOKLYN, NEY

VOL. IV.-Mo. 8. ‘NOVEMBER, 1888.

ie Ic R
ANERIGANA

A MonrHLy jou: or Enromo.ocy.

PUBLISHED BY THE

- BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

2

‘EDITOR:

Rev. Geo. D: Hutst,

15 HIMROD STREET,

Brookxryn, N.Y.
ASST. EDITOR :
Curis. H. Roperts,
11 WEST 123np STREET,
New. York.
A, (es HUENE & BRO., Printers, 103° Broadway, Brooklymr News

Beater at the Post Office at Brooklyn, N. ¥., as Second Class Matter.

Offigeys off the Byooktyn Fntomotogiqat Sogiety. |

President, EDWARD L. GRAEP, - - - = 4 40 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Vice-Pres., OTTOMAR DIETZ, - - - - - - 112 East 90th Street, New York.
Treasurer, CHRISTOPHER H. ROBERTS, - = -- - ~—-11. West 128rd Street, New York. :
Rec. Sec., ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS, ~~. = + ~~. 182 Park Place, Brooklyn, N. ¥. y
Cor. Sec., G. W. J. ANGELL, - - - - = - + 44 Hudson Street, NewYork.
Librarian, RICH’D F, PEARSALL, - = =" + -. . = 16 Broad Street, New York.
MARTIN L. LINELL, (Coleoptera) - -. 36 Doughty Street,. Brooklyn, N. Y- Me
Curators, / WM. BEUTENMUELLER, (Lepidoptera) -'— - 182 East 76th Street, New York. b ‘
| A. C. WEEKS, (Other Orders.) # ae
( ED. L. GRAEF, i ‘ia
CHRIS. H. ROBERTS. ; ,
| RICHARD F. PEARSALL. eae
TRUSTEES: 4 CHARLES PALM, - - 2 - 172 East 64th Street, New York. “
| GUSTAV BEYER, ~- - — -. — 511 East 117th Street, New York. -
| FRANK H. CHITTENDEN, - ~ 409 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. P
|. ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS. ° i
( GEO. D. HULST. - - - 15 Himrod Street, Brooklyn, N. ¥. “es
| CHRIS. H. ROBERTS. : pee a
PUBLICATION. |G. W. J. ANGELL.
COMMITTEE: } WM. BEUTENMUELLER. %
| HY. EDWARDS. - - - - 185 East 116th Street, New York.
| B. NEUMORGEN.” ~-~-- - - + =~ Box 2581, New York.
1 >

_ The meetings of the Brooxuyn Enromonocican Socrery are held on the
Evening of the first Tuesday of each month in its rooms,

BROOKLYN INSTITUTE,

196 to 200 WASHINGTON STEET, —
[Near entrance to Brooklyn Bridge.] : BROOKLYN, N. Y.

- ENTOMOLOGICR. AMERICANA.

A combination of the “Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological. Society”
and ‘‘Papilio”.

Subscription $2.00 per volume of twelve numbers; single numbers twenty
Cents.each. *

Advertisements of six lines or less at $3.00 per annum ; larger advertise-
ments at comparatively lower rates, single insertions 50 Cents.

ow a

Special attention is called to the following : : ‘
Books or papers for notice or review, and articles for publication should
be sent to the Editor. a

Subscriptions and business communications to the Treasurer.
Exchanges and donations to library to the Librarian. Ang

Insects for identification or as donations to the collection of the Society,
to either of the Curators. ; ’ .

Rev. J. W. HOLLAND, Pittsburgh, Pa., 555 Se

has on hand and for sale, or exchange, a limited quantity of magnificent specimens of oa
the Lepidoptera of Japan of his own collecting, also a quantity of fine specimens of is
the Lepidoptera ot West Africa, Siam, Celebes, and Queensland, He has also -con- se:
sented to receive subscriptions for yhe magnificent new work upon the Butterflies ot |

Japan, by H. Pryer, entitled “ Rhopalocera Nihonica,” which is to be issued in 3_
parts, 4t°, upon Japanese ‘‘untearable paper,” profusely and beautifully illustrated
with colored plates, at $4.00 a part. Part I now ready for delivery. best

Address W.J. HOLLAND, Ph. D., 5th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. : =e

WILLIAMSBURGH CORK WORKS.
D.S. YEOMAN,

Manufacturer of

~k CORKS, CORK SOLES, &c.:

Cor. Ainslie and Rodney Sts., Brooklyn, N.Y.

SHEET CORK FOR LINING INSECT CASES A SPECIALTY.

PRICES FOR 334 x 12 INCHES. XX Quality. X Quality.

4 sik thick, per: Bendre of 24 Sheets, = - $1.00 $0.60
ie ‘‘ re, 88 Gi ye 1.50 90
1 se “ ee ‘ce sc 66 Cr aes iP Pe 2.00 1.00

- Other Sizes and Thicknesses at Proportionate Prices. . Liberal Discount for Quantities.

Scientific and Medical Books, Minerals and

other objects of Natural History.
A. E. FOOTE, M. D.

(ere. of Min. and Chem. ; ; Fellow Am. Ass’n. Adv. Science ; Life Member Am. Mus. Nat.
History, New York, and Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.)

{223 Belmont Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
Over 5000 Entomological books, pamphlets and excerpts in stock.

- Largest stock of minerals in the world. Largest stock of Scientific Books in
America. Copies of the ‘‘Naturalist’s Leisure Hour’, 32 pp., sent free on ap-~
plication. If stamp is enclosed, the subscriber’s edition on heavy paper is sent.
Please state, what department of science you are specially interested in.

Thave in duplicates (Henshaw List). Nos. 70, 77, 178, 237, 244, 248,..285,
710, 835, 1029; 1039, 1481, 1483, 1494, 1499, 1502, 1860, 2300, 2708, 2745,
3468, 4718, 5565; 5995, 6319, 6435, 6436, 6469, 8607 and many others, that I like
to exchange. | Correct names promptly returned for any duplicate set of U. 5
Coleoptera sent to me for that- purpose.

MARTIN L. LINELE, 312 Pacitic St., Brooklyn, N.Y.

B. Neumcegen, P. O. Box 2581, New York City,

wishes to arrange with-collectors in all parts of the world for the purchase-or ex-
change of Lepidoptera. Western and Southwestern U. S. species especially desired,
and liberal prices will be paid for material from Utah, Montana and Oregon.

FOR SALE The collection of Lepidoptera of FRED. TEPPER, num-
3 "bering about 12,000 specimens, among which are some
fine series and many types principally in the Noctuidz. Apply to
FRED. TEPPER, P.O. Box 8337, New Lork City.

WATKINS & DONCASTER,

36 Strand, Lendon, W. C., Hugland,
have a large stock of British Macro-Lepidoptera, Exotic Butterflies, British Birds,
Eggs, Apparatus for Entomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. A Catalogue
will be sent post-paid to any address on application.” ;

COLEOPTERA OF PACIFIC COAST FOR SALE.
Also Insects of other orders.
L. E. RICKSECKER, P. O. Box 208, Santa Rosa, Cal.

For Sale by the

“d BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL ‘SOCIETY, a

1. Bulletin vol, I to VIL, 1878—1885, each Sip dino om
Vol, I is sold only with a complete set.of 7 yols. ~ AG me
2. Explanation of terms, used in Entomology. 38 pp. 1883... + 50 Cents.
3. Synopsis of the N. A. species of Platynus by J. L. Leconte. :
16 pp...Nov. 1879. = 50 Cents.
4, Synopsis of the Lucanide of the U.S. By Chas. Fuchs; with
plate. 10 pp. . 50 Cents.
5. Synopsis of the genera of the Noctuidee (of Ne A.) by J. B. Smith.
1882 and 1883. _ 50 Cents.
6. Check-List of the N.A Macrolepidoptera (Diurnals, Sphingidm, - ep
Bombyeide, Noctuidz and Geometride). 32 pp. 1882.°, 25 Cents.
7. Synopsis of the Cicindelide of the U.S. of North America by F. zs
'G. Schaupp, with five plates (four colored) and w oodeuts. . ; $1.00
8. ‘Papilio’, vols. Ito IV, 1880 —1884, each ; $2.00
9. Lt. T. L. Casey’s papers as tollows : :
Gertn Dae as &o., Part T,- 6 -pp.,. 1884, ~- ; _ §0 Cents.
&F «* Part IT, 138 pp., 1885, > $1.00
Revision of the Stenini of America, north of Mexico, 206 pp.
1 plate, 1884, Sat 56

10. Check: ‘List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera, by Ph. R. Ubler. 33 pp; 1886. 50 Cts.
11. Supplement to Henshaw’s Check List of ees By Samuel

Henshaw. 8 pp. 1887. - 25-Ctsic
12. ‘Kntomologica et vol. I to Ut, each $ - $2.00

BLANK LABELS.

Three sizes. No. 1, 14 x finch, 20 ona sheet. No. 2,°%x } inch, with or

without two guide lines for writing, 25 on asheet. No.3, 14x; in., 48 on a’ sheet:
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LOCALITY LABELS.

In sets of 12 sheets have been preqared and are for sale at 15 Cents per. set. >

Each sheet contains 42 lines and the sheets contain as follow ae

No. 1. Cal., So. -Cal., Or... W- T., Vane... No. 2 Me., N..H.; Vt., “Mass. x R.- ho
Ct. -No..3 NoY., N, J.,-Penn., Del.;-Md2-No>4 Va., W. Va; D. C:, N=OvyS. CG:

No. 5 Geo., Fla., Ala., Miss., Tenn, ~No: 6 Ohio, Ind., S: Ill., Ky., Mo, No.:7

Minn., Wisc.,; Mich., In., N. Ill. No. 8La., Tex.. Ark., I. T., N. M. No. 9 Col.,
Wy., Mon., Dak.; Neb. -No. 10 Ks., Nev., Ut., Td: Ariz. No..11-Can., _N. E:,
B. A., R. A. Alask., Lab., Hud. B. No. 12 721 nee Q 21 lines.

Any hast sold separately @ 2 Cts. pershect. Any State label Sopaanishy @
1 Cent per 100 labels. Specials for local collectors have also been prepared. No.
1, N.Y, 12 lines, N. J., 21 lines.” ‘No.2; Li. 1, 21 lines, C.‘I.,--8 lines, S. I, 13
lines. These are furniShed at 2 Cents per sheet. All neatly printed and on
good paper.

Address = any of the above eo
: GEO. D. HULST, he
: 15 Himrofl Street, ;
BROOKLYN, N.Y.

+ 1 ‘
a Je ele ‘

4
apr ipe we
“Lh? =o a ea.

dat

“ASRS ae: ;
ip eh oe ae

ie

oy

vd
A New Material for Lining Insect Cases.

Pressed Cork in sheets of 19 x 23 inches, and 4 inch. thick, readily pierced by
the finest pins and firmly holding ali sizes ; no hard spots or cavities. Price per sheet
50 Cents ; smoothly covered with white glaced paper 60 Cents.

Send for sample. H. HERPERS,
{S Crawford Street,
NEWARK, N. J.

LEPIDOPTERA & COLEOPTERA.

In our new List XXX there are offered more than 7000 correctly named
species of Lepidoptera from all parts of the world ; also 700 species of preserved
larve and a number of living pupe.

Also large stock of rare Coleoptera (List V) for sale.

Price Lists on application.

Dr. O. STAUDINGER & A. BANG HAAS,

BLASEWITZ near DRESDEN, GERMANY.

The undersigned is desirous of obtaining by exchange or purchase all species
of U.S. Lepidoptera still wanting in his Collection.
Very liberal Exchanges will be given.

Send for List of my desiderata.
EDWARD L. GRAFF,
40 Court Street, Brooklyn, Nu:
A.W. PUTMAN-CRAMER, 308 Macon St., Brooklyn, N. Y..

desires to exchange with Collectors of Lepidoptera throughout North America.
Noctuidze especially desired.
— Will name Noctuide Free of Charge. —

C. H. ROBERTS, 11 West 123rd Street, N. Y. City, desires to obtain
Coleoptera of North America by exchange or purchase.
BUPRESTID and WATER BEETLES especially desired.

I desire to purchase good American COLEOPTERA, unmounted preferred,
especially BUPRESTIDA.
Also any papers on Coleoptera not in my Collection.

G. W.SJ. ANGELL,
44 Hudson Street, New York.

CEO. FRANK, 293 Ewen Street,
Brooklyn, E.D., N. Y.,

desires to exchange Lepidoptera from all parts of the world. List of Duplicates
sent on application.

North American Lepidoptera wanted, especially Geometride and
Microlepidoptera. ,
CEO. D. HULST,
{5 Himrod St., Brooklyn, E. D.

The undersigned is desirous of obtaining by purchase or exchange North and
South American 7Z7etde.

WM. BEUTENNMUELLER,
182 E, 76th Street, New York, N. Y.

BRASS FOLDING NET-RINGS $1.00.
Sweeping- and Water-Nets Made to Order.

Fishing Tackle, Rods, Reels, Hooks, &c.

eee CS ELT’,
No. 183 BOWERY, VEW YORK.

The undersigned will pay good prices either in cash or exchange
for perfect specimens of Pamphila and Catocala.

PHILIP LAURENT,

621 Marshall Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

INSECT BOXES,

Cork lined, papered, 9 x 13 inches, absolutely tight, $1.00, with label holder $1.05.

_ Of the size and style made for the U. S. Nat'l Museum $1,10. Special sizes to

order at correspondingly low prices. Insect Cabinets of all sizes at reasonable
prices. References for boxes and cabinets: U.S. Nat’] Museum, Brooklyn Ento.

Society, and many others.
JOHN SCHMITT,
290 Third Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Patt MA
*y SPUD.

ni ,
a bt ag
at Laks

ret

‘VOL. IV—No. 9. DECEMBER, 1888.

ON Ele
AMERICANA ~

A MontTHLY JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY.

PUBLISHED BY THE

BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

EDITOR:
Rev- Geo..D; Hutst,
15 HIMROD STREET,
BrooKtyn, N.Y.
4 S|
ASST. EDITOR :
Curis. H. Roperts,
11 WEST 123np STREET,
New York.
A. C. HUENE.& BRO.; Printers, 103 Broadway, Brooklyn, -N. Y.

Entered at the Post Office at Brooklyn, N. ¥., as Second Class Matter.

Offiqgens off the Byooktyn Hutomotogiqat Sogiety. — | bei

President, EDWARD L, GRAEF, +s 9+) 25 9. 40 Court Street) Brooklyn, ‘N.Y.

Vice-Pres., OTTOMAR DIETZ, - = - = - - 112 East 90th Street, New York.
Treasurer, CHRISTOPHER H. ROBERTS, - - = = 11 West 123rd Street, New York. .
Rec. Sec., ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS, - - - - - 182 Park Place, Brooklyn, N. ¥. :
Cor. Sec., G, W. J. ANGELL, - - - = = - - 44 Hudson Street, New York,
Librarian, RICH’D F. PEARSALL, - - - - - 16 Broad Street, New York.

MARTIN:L.: LINELL, (Coleoptera) - ~ 86 Doughty Street, Brooklyn, Nu:
Curators, / WM. BEUTENMUELLER, (Lepidoptera) - - 182 East 76th Street, New York.

A. C. WEEKS, (Other Orders.) 33

ED. L. GRAEF,

CHRIS. H. ROBERTS.

RICHARD F, PEARSALL. :

CHARLES PALM, - - - - 172 East 64th Street, New York.
GUSTAV BEYER, - - - 511 East 117th Street, New York.
FRANK H. CHITTENDEN, - 409 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS.

GEO. D. HULST. - - - 15 Himrod Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
CHRIS. H, ROBERTS. Sata .
G. W. J. ANGELL.

WM. BEUTENMUELLER, :
HY, EDWARDS. - - - - 185 East 116th Street, New York. .
B. NEUMOEGEN, - - - - = - Box 2581, New York. f

a SO

TRUSTEES:

PUBLICATION
COMMITTEE:

Nae ee I

The meetings of the Brooxtyn Enromotoeicat Society are held on the
Evening of the first Tuesday of each month in its rooms,

BR:O:O:K- EY N VEN: SEPA Be
196 to 200 WASHINGTON STREET,
[Near entrance to Brooklyn Bridge. } _ BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Enromotocica AMERICANA.

A combination of the “Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society”
and ‘*Papilio”.

Subscription $2.00 per volume of twelve numbers; single numbers twenty
Cents each.

Advertisements of six lines or less at $3.00 per annum ; larger adyertise-
ments at comparatively lower rates, single insertions 50 Cents.

°

Special attention is called to the following :
Books or papers for notice or review, and articles for publication should

be sent to the Editor.
Subscriptions and business communications to the Treasurer. _
Exchanges. and donations to library to the Librarian.

Tusects for identitication or as donations to be collection of the Society,
to cipher OF the Curators.

Rev. J. W. HOLLAND, Pittsburgh, Pa.,

has on hand and for sale. or exchange, a-limited quantity of magnificent spec imens of
the Lepidoptera of Japan of his own collecting, also a quantity of fine specimens of
the Lepidoptera ot West Africa, Siam, Ce’ebes, and Queensland, He has also con-
sented to receive subscriptions for vhe ‘magnificent new work upon the Butterflies or
Japan, by H. Prver, entitled “ Rhopalocera Nihonica,” which is to be issued in 3
parts, 4t, upon Japanese “‘untearabie paper.’? profusely and beautifully ilebtrahed
with colored plates, at $4 00 a part... Part I now ready-for delivery. -

Address W. J. HOLLAND, Ph. D., 5th Avé., Pittsburgh, Pa.

‘A'N ‘UAjyOO1g ‘anuaay ply 06Z
‘LLIMHOS NHOL
‘stayjo Auvut pure ‘Aya100g

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"SOStQ JOOSU SULUTT Joy Teepe Mey Y

WILLIAMSBURGH CORK WORKS.
© “D. S. YEOMAN,

Manufacturer of

CORKS, CORE SOLES, 8&C.

Cor. Ainstlic and Rodney Sts., Brooklyn, NM. Y¥.

~ SHEET CORK FOR LINING INSECT CASES A&.SPECIALTY.

PRICES FOR 314 x 12 INCHES. XX Quality. .X Quality.

1 ineh thick, es ‘Bundle of 24 Sheets, é = $1.00 $0.60
7s sc : 6 66 77 - s; 1,50 90
A ec “é 66 ce ce Ge Tee = 2 200 1.00

“Other Sizes and Thicknesses at Proportionate Prices. Liberal Discount for Quantities.

Scientific and Medical Books, Minerals and

other objects of Natural History.
A. E. FOOTE, M. D.

ee of Min. and Chem. ; Fellow Am, Ass’n. Ady. Science; Life Member Am. Mus. Nat.
History, New York, and Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.)

{223 Belmont Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
Over 5000 Entomological books, pamphlets and excerpts in stock.
Largest stock of minerals in the world. Largest stock of Scientific Books in
_~Ameriea.. Copies of the ‘‘Naturalist’s Leisure Hour”, 32-pp., sent free on ap-
plication. If stamp is enclosed, the subseriber’s edition on heavy paper is sent.
Please state, what department of science yeu are specially inter ested in.

‘I have in duplicates (Henshaw List) Nos; 70, 77, 178,-237, 244,248, 285,
710, 835, 1029, 1039,. 1481, 1483, 1494, 1499, 1502, 1860, 2300, 2708, 2745,
3468, 4718, 5565, 5995, 6319, 6435, 6436, 6469, 8607 and many others, that [like
to exchanve. Correct names promptly returned’ for any duplicate set of. U.0 5.
5 Coleoptera sent to me for that purpose.

MARTIN L. LINELL, 312 Pacitice St., Brooklyn, N.Y.

B. Neumcegen, P. O. Box 2581, New York City,

wishes to arrange with collectors in all parts of the eer Id for the purchase or ex-
change of Lepidoptera. Western and Southwestern U. S. species especially desired,
and liberal prices will. be paid for material from Utah, Montana and Oregon.

FOR SALE , The collection.of Lepidoptera of FRED. TEPPER, num-
rs s bering about 12,000 specimens, among which are some
fine series and many types principally in the Noctuide. Apply to

FRED. TEPPER, P.O. Box 8837, New York City:

WATKINS & DONCASTER.
36 Strind, London, W. C., Hngland,
A have a large stock- 5 British Macro-Lepidoptera, Exotic Butterflies, British Birds,

Eggs, Apparatas for Entomo!oyists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &eo A Catalogue
-_ will be sent post-paid to any addvess on: application. ‘

‘COLEOPTERA OF PACIFIC COAST FOR SALE.
eerie a ; Alsé Insects of other orders.
L. E. RICKSECKER, P. 0. Box 208, Santa Rosa, Cal

4
For Sale by the :

“d BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOSICRL S SOCIETY. be

1, Bulletin vol. I to VII, 1878—1885, each A i $1. 00
Vol. I is sold only with a complete set of 7 vols.

2. Explanation of terms, used in Entomology. 38 pp. 1883. 50 Cents:
3. Synopsis of the N. A. species of Platynus by J. i. Leconte.
16 pp. Nov. 1879 50 Cents.
4. Synopsis of the Lucanidze bet the U.S. By Chas. Fuchs; with 3
plate. 10 pp. 50 Cents.
5. Synopsis of the genera of the Noctuide (of N. A.) by J B. Smith.
1882 and 1883. 50 Cents.

6. Check-List ofthe N.A Macrolepidoptera (Dinrnals, Sphingide,
Bombycide, Noctuide and Geometridz). 32 pp. 1882. °° 25 Cents.
7. ‘Synopsis of the Cicindelide of the U.S. of North America by F. rer
G.Schaupp, with five plates (four colored) and woodcuts. eT OR
8. ‘Papilio’, vols. Ito TV, 1880—1884, each. “$2.00
9. Lt. T. L: Casey’s papers as follows: .
: Contributions &c., Part I, 60 pp., 1884, : 50. Cents.
ue *¢ Part IT, 138 pp., 1885, es $1,00
Revision of the Stenini of America, north of Mexico. 206 pp. 9
1 plate, 1884, $1.50

10. Check-List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera, by Ph. R. Uhler. 33 pp. 1886. 50 Cts.
11. -Supplement to Henshaw’s Check List of Coleoptera. By Samuel | 3

. . Henshaw. 8 pp. 1887. 25 Cts.
12. -‘‘Entomologica Americana”, vol. I to III, each- ; ar $2.00
——_—_— — 3 es

BLANK LABELS.

Three sizes. No.1, 1}x } inch, 20 onasheet. No. 2, 7x 4inch, with or

without two guide lines for writing. 25 on asheet. No.3, 14x 9, in., 48ona sheets
All kinds supplied either black or red ; 1 Cent for 2 sheets.

Se eS ae
LOCALITY LABELS.

In sets of 12 sheets have been preqared and are for sale at 15 Cents per set.
Each sheet contains 42 lines and the sheets contain as follows :

No. 1 Cal., So: Gal.,-Or., W. T., Vane. No. 2Me.; N> H:, Vt., Mass.; BR. T.,
Ct. .No.°3.N-Y., N. J:, Penns, Del.,. Md. , Nov 4 Va.,-W..Va,D; G.)-Nr C. S.C.
No. 5 Geo., Fla., Ala.; Miss., Tenn. No. 6 Ohio, Ind., S. Dl.,.Ky., Mo. No.7
Minn., Wisc., Mich., Ia., N. Tl. No.8 La., Tex.. Ark., I. T., N. M: No.9 Ool.,
Wy., Mon., Dak., Neb.. No. 10 Ks., Nev., Ut., Id., Ariz. No.11 Can., N. F.,
B.A., R.A., Alask., Lab.; Hud. B. No. 12 rea 21 lines, © 21 lines.

Any sheet sold separately @ 2 Cts. per sheet. Any State label separately @

1 Cent per 100 labels. Specials for local collectors have also been prepared. No.

1; N.Y:,.12 lines, N.-J°, 21dines. “No.'2,. L. 1.; 21 lines, G.\1.,° 8 lines, SI.;.13:

lines.. These are furnished at 2 Cents per sheet. All neatly printed and on

good paper.

Address for any of the above 3 =

GEO. D. HULST,

15 Himrod Street, ‘

; BROOKLYN, Bee

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ul, 7 4 STS (©)

3 9088 01267 9098